浅谈转基因克隆动物技术

根据现有理论和技术发展趋势,提出了转基因克隆动物的概念,即将克隆动物与转基因克隆动物技术有机地结合起来,认为转基因克隆动物制作 技术将有望成为下一世纪创建遗传工程动物的主导性技术。     

Transgenic animals and nutrition research

Transgenic animals are useful tools for the study of biological functions of proteins and secondary gene products synthesized by the action of protein catalysts. Research in nutrition and allied fields is benefiting from their use as models to contrast normal and altered metabolism. Although food, nutritional products, and ingredients from transgenic animals have not yet reached consumers, the technologies for their production are maturing and yielding exciting results in experimental and farm animals. Regulatory governmental bodies are already issuing guidelines and legislation in anticipation of the advent of these products and ingredients. This review summarizes available technology for the production of transgenic animals, discusses their scientific and commercial potential, and examines ancillary issues relevant to the field of nutrition.     

Conservation strategies for Araucaria Forests in Southern Brazil: assessing current and alternative approaches

Efforts to protect the remaining Araucaria Forest fragments in Southern Brazil have focused on large forests dominated by the threatened species Araucaria angustifolia. However, such an approach can miss significant biodiversity by ignoring smaller forest fragments scattered throughout the landscape, many of which exist on small farms. Here, I evaluate the method used to define a set of natural reserves in Southern Brazil to assess if it captures and preserves the significant biodiversity that exists in this unique biome. I used a relatively simple field sampling methodology and statistical analyses to evaluate floristic and structural parameters, comparing tree species diversity within a large forest fragment (with and without A. angustifolia dominance) to smaller fragments in the surrounding landscape. While stands dominated by A. angustifolia showed primary forest‐like physiognomy, they did not have the levels of diversity expected for old‐growth forests. Traditional forestry parameters, especially basal area and number of individuals, are useful for differentiating forest types in terms of structure. While no single diversity index provides a complete picture of the composition and variation of diversity in forest fragments, when taken together and assessed using extrapolation and comparative statistics, they provide a meaningful method for comparing and identifying high priority areas for conservation. Future conservation strategies should look to alternative approaches for assessing biodiversity across the landscape, while including small‐scale landowners in conservation efforts.     

Transgenic animals in inflammatory disease models

Inflammatory diseases affect a significant portion of the population worldwide and have been intensely studied for several decades. The advent of transgenic technology has allowed researchers to study individual gene contributions to the pathogenesis of these diseases. This has been done using standard inflammatory disease models in transgenic animals and by identifying novel models through the spontaneous generation of disease in the transgenic animal. Recent advances have been made in the understanding of rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary inflammation, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease through the use of transgenic animals in models of human inflammatory disease.     

Transgenic animals in biomedical research.

The advent of transgenic technology, in which foreign genetic information is stably introduced into the mammalian germ line, has dramatically enhanced our basic knowledge of physiologic and pathologic processes. Transgenic animals created by these genetic manipulations are being used to provide insights into gene regulation, development, pathogenesis, and the treatment of disease. Furthermore, transgenic biotechnology holds great promise for the creation of genetically superior livestock and the industrial production of precious pharmaceuticals. It is evident now that the study and use of transgenic animals will significantly improve the human condition.     

Transgenic animals in biomedicine and agriculture: outlook for the future

Transgenic animals are produced by introduction of 'foreign' deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into preimplantation embryos. The foreign DNA is inserted into the genetic material and may be expressed in tissues of the resulting individual. This technique is of great importance to many aspects of biomedical science including gene regulation, the immune system, cancer research, developmental biology, biomedicine, manufacturing and agriculture. The production of transgenic animals is one of a number of new and developing technologies that will have a profound impact on the genetic improvement of livestock. The rate at which these technologies are incorporated into production schemes will determine the speed at which we will be able to achieve our goal of more efficiently producing livestock, which meets consumer and market demand.     

转基因动物在输血医学中的应用

转基因动物技术是在动物整体水平研究和表达目的基因的生物技术,其基本特点是：分子及细胞水平操作,组织及整体水平表达,是常规分子生物学理论和技术的拓展和延伸,也是现代生物高技术研究和开发的热点之一。本简述了转基因动物在输血医学领域的应用及其发展前景,包括利用转基因动物生物反应器制备人血浆蛋白和人血红蛋白、建立血传播病毒的感染模型和血液相关遗传模型以及转基因动物与输血医学的基础研究等。     

Transgenic animals as models for human disease

Transgenic animals, especially mice, have been used quite extensively as models for various human diseases. At first, the level of scientific inquiry was driven by the need to establish the model. In many cases, these models may be considered quite crude because of their limitations. More recently, transgenic models of disease have become more refined and are currently being used to study the pathological mechanisms behind the disease rather than to just provide a model of the disease. Using some examples from the recent literature, we will document the current level and complexity of inquiry using transgenic animals. New techniques and techniques that may prove promising will be discussed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Transgenic animals in integrative biology: approaches and interpretations of outcome.

Technological innovations in methods for genetic manipulation of laboratory animals and in techniques for assessment of cardiovascular, respiratory, behavioral, and metabolic physiology in mouse models afford unprecedented opportunities for research in integrative biology. We provide here an overview of basic and advanced techniques for generation of transgenic mice and a discussion of how transgenic technology can be most advantageously applied to important physiological questions that can be addressed only within the intact organism.     

Transgenic farm animals get off the ground

Transgenic Research -