Hedgehog信号通路的作用机制及研究进展

HH(Hedgehog)信号通路参与多种生物学过程,包括细胞分化、细胞增殖、细胞衰老、肿瘤的发生、肿瘤恶性转化以及肿瘤耐药,HH信号通路相关基因的异常表达或突变会在生物发生发展的不同阶段引起各种疾病的发生.而HH信号通路通过复杂的机制调控诸多信号通路,进一步影响生物体的功能.所以深入了解HH信号通路在各种遗传疾病、肿瘤...     

慢性低O_2高CO_2肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉尾加压素Ⅱ受体的动态变化

目的:探讨尾加压素Ⅱ受体(urotensinⅡreceptor,UT)在慢性低氧高二氧化碳肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉中的动态变化及其意义。方法:对不同低氧(高二氧化碳)时间(1周、2周、4周)大鼠,放射性配基结合法检测肺动脉质膜UT结合位点,组织原位杂交测定各级肺小动脉UT及尾加压素Ⅱ(UⅡ)mRNA的表达。结果:①肺动脉平均压(mPAP)、右心室(RV)和左心室加室间隔(LV S)的重量比:1周组(1HH)较对照组(NC)分别增高26.2%和21.6%、2周组(2HH)较1HH增高22.5%和14.1%、4HH组与2HH组间无显著差别(P>0.05)。②肺主动脉质膜UT最大结合位点(Bmax),1HH组比NC组高38.8%(P<0.01),2HH组比1HH组高23.2%(P<0.01),4HH组比2HH组高7.3%(P<0.05),随低氧时间延长有渐升的趋势;UⅡ受体亲和力(Kd值)各组间无差别。③三级肺小动脉UⅡmRNA相对含量的变化:2HH、4HH组明显高于NC组(P均<0.01);2HH组较1HH组分别高5.9%(P>0.05)、16.4%和9.1%(P均<0.01);4HH组与2HH组间无明显差异。④三级肺小动脉UT mRNA相对含量的变化:各低氧高二氧化碳组均高于NC组(P均<0.01),以1HH组后2级肺小动脉的表达最强,而4HH组与2HH组间无显著差别(P>0.05)。⑤肺小动脉显微结构的变化:4HH组各级血管均有显著重构,1HH组无明显变化,2HH组介于两者之间。结论:UT在慢性低氧高二氧化碳肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉内的动态变化与肺动脉高压、肺血管改建的病理进程密切相关。     

慢性低O2高CO2肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉尾加压素Ⅱ受体的动态变化

目的:探讨尾加压素Ⅱ受体(urotensinⅡreceptor,UT)在慢性低氧高二氧化碳肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉中的动态变化及其意义.方法:对不同低氧(高二氧化碳)时间(1周、2周、4周)大鼠,放射性配基结合法检测肺动脉质膜UT结合位点,组织原位杂交测定各级肺小动脉UT及尾加压素Ⅱ(UⅡ)mRNA的表达.结果:①肺动脉平均压(mPAP)、右心室(RV)和左心室加室间隔(LV S)的重量比:1周组(1HH)较对照组(NC)分别增高26.2%和21.6%、2周组(2HH)较1HH增高22.5%和14.1%、4HH组与2HH组间无显著差别(P＞0.05).②肺主动脉质膜UT最大结合位点(Bmax),1HH组比NC组高38.8%(P＜0.01),2HH组比1HH组高23.2%(P＜0.01),4HH组比2HH组高7.3%(P＜0.05),随低氧时间延长有渐升的趋势;UⅡ受体亲和力(Kd值)各组间无差别.③三级肺小动脉UⅡmRNA相对含量的变化:2HH、4HH组明显高于NC组(P均＜0.01);2HH组较1HH组分别高5.9%(P＞0.05)、16.4%和9.1%(P均＜0.01);4HH组与2HH组间无明显差异.④三级肺小动脉UT mRNA相对含量的变化:各低氧高二氧化碳组均高于NC组(P均＜0.01),以1HH组后2级肺小动脉的表达最强,而4HH组与2HH组间无显著差别(P＞0.05).⑤肺小动脉显微结构的变化:4HH组各级血管均有显著重构,1HH组无明显变化,2HH组介于两者之间.结论:UT在慢性低氧高二氧化碳肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉内的动态变化与肺动脉高压、肺血管改建的病理进程密切相关.     

TGF-β1对话Hedgehog-Gli1信号调控肾小管上皮细胞表型转化和胶原累积

该研究旨在探讨Hedgehog-Gli1(HH)信号在肾小管上皮细胞表型转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)和胶原累积中的作用及与TGF-β1信号的对话机制。该实验通过体外培养大鼠肾小管上皮细胞NRK-52E,以溶剂作为对照组,以1~50 ng/m L重组蛋白sonic hedgehog(Shh)或5 ng/m L TGF-β1作为诱导组,以加入或不加入HH信号特异性阻断剂环靶明(cyclopamine,Cyp)5μmol/L为干预组。细胞培养24 h,采用ELISA、q RT-PCR、免疫细胞荧光染色和Western blot等方法检测HH信号相关分子(Ptch1、Smo和Gli1)、TGF-β1、EMT相关分子(Rac1蛋白、肌成纤维细胞标志物α-SMA和上皮细胞标志物E-cadherin)、III型胶原m RNA或蛋白的表达。结果发现,外源性Shh上调Smo和Gli1表达,抑制Ptch1表达,继而激活HH信号;HH信号活化抑制肾小管上皮细胞E-cadherin的表达,上调α-SMA、III型胶原和TGF-β1的表达。环靶明干预后,Smo表达下调,进而抑制HH信号、EMT和胶原累积,并下调TGF-β1的表达。应用TGF-β1诱导小管上皮细胞EMT,同时也上调HH信号分子Smo和Gli1的表达,下调Ptch1的表达,提示TGF-β1可诱导HH信号活化。综上所述,HH信号和TGF-β1均参与了肾小管上皮细胞EMT和胶原累积过程。HH信号活化可促进TGF-β1的表达,同时TGF-β1能激活HH信号,推测TGF-β1与HH信号可能存在交叉对话以调控EMT和胶原累积。     

Hedgehog信号通路及其抑制剂在癌症中的研究进展

Hedgehog(HH)信号通路在胚胎发育和器官形成中发挥重要作用。当该通路中成员发生异常如patched(PTCH)发生缺失或突变,smoothened(SMO)发生突变,Gli异常扩增或者蛋白质稳定性增加等,都会导致该通路异常激活,并诱导如基底细胞癌、成神经管细胞瘤等癌症发生。因此阻断HH信号通路是应用于癌症治疗的一个有效手段。目前以HH信号通路不同成员为靶点已开发出多种HH信号通路小分子抑制剂,其中以HH信号通路上游成员为靶点的抑制剂最多。在今后的研究中,应该更加注重于以HH信号通路下游为靶点,开发更加有效的抗癌药物。     

垂体功能减退症患者和低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退症患者糖脂代谢的研究

目的:比较垂体功能减退症患者(Hypopituitarism,Hypo-Pit)与低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退症(Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism,HH)的糖脂代谢状况。方法:收集从2013年6月至2016年9月在西京医院内分泌代谢科确诊的Hypo-Pit及HH男性患者的临床资料,分别有32例Hypo-Pit患者和43例HH患者纳入本研究,对照组为22例年龄、体质指数(BMI)与研究组相匹配,且无糖尿病等慢性疾病家族史的男性。采集空腹静脉血后测定血脂水平,行3h口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),测定血糖及胰岛素水平,计算葡萄糖、胰岛素曲线下面积、胰岛素抵抗指数等。3组间计量资料组间的比较应用LSD方差分析检验,非正态分布的数据经自然对数转换(ln)后进行分析。结果:各组间年龄、BMI均无统计学差异(P0.05);与正常对照组相比,Hypo-Pit患者及HH患者的高密度脂蛋白水平下降(均P0.05),甘油三酯水平升高(P0.05);与HH患者相比,Hypo-Pit患者的胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白升高(P0.05);与正常对照组相比,HH患者的稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数及胰岛素敏感指数升高(P0.05);与对照组比较,Hypo-Pit患者及HH患者OGTT 3h血糖水平升高,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);HH患者空腹、2h、3h血清胰岛素水平均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);与HH组相比,Hypo-pit患者的HOMA-IR水平降低(P0.05)。结论:Hypo-Pit患者存在糖脂代谢紊乱,且脂代谢紊乱较HH患者更差,而HH患者胰岛素抵抗水平高于Hypo-Pit患者。     

聚合酶链反应检测人动脉粥样硬化斑中肺炎衣原体和幽门螺杆菌的DNA

肺炎衣原体和幽门螺杆菌能分别引起呼吸系统和胃肠道的持续感染,研究显示这些菌持续感染动脉可能引起动脉粥样硬化的发生.本文通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测动脉粥样硬化斑中肺炎衣原体和幽门螺杆菌(Hp)DNA,研究动脉粥样硬化与肺炎衣原体和Hp感染之间的关系.     

外源性apelin对大鼠慢性低氧性肺动脉高压的防治作用

目的:探讨外源性给予小分子活性肽apelin对大鼠慢性低氧性肺动脉高压和肺血管重构的作用及其机制。方法:采用常压低氧法建立SD大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压模型。实验分4组(n=10)对照组(NC)、低氧组(HH)、低氧+apelin低剂量组(5nmol/(kg.d)(LA)和低氧+apelin高剂量组(10nmol/(kg.d)(HA),HA组和LA组通过皮下埋植微量渗透泵持续给药。低氧4周后,测定平均肺动脉压(mPAP)、右心室与左心室加室间隔的重量比[RV/(LV+S)]、肺细小动脉管壁面积/管总面积(WA/TA)、管腔面积/管总面积(CA/TA)、中膜厚度(PAMT)以及肺组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:①mPAP和RV/(LV+S):HH组较NC组高,HA组较HH组低;LA组mPAP较HH低,而RV/(LV+S)两组间无显著性差异。②WA/TA和PAMT:HH组较NC组高,HA组、LA组均较HH低。③CA/TA:HH组较NC组低,HA组、LA组均较HH高。④肺组织SOD含量:HH组较NC低,HA组、LA组均较HH高。⑤MDA含量:HH组较NC高,HA组、LA组均较HH低。结论:Apelin对低氧性肺动脉高压和肺血管重构的形成具有防治作用,这种作用可能与直接舒张肺血管作用及改善氧化应激有关。     

NO和HIF-1α在大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压中的作用及相互关系

目的：探讨低氧诱导因子1α（HIF-1α）在慢性低氧高二氧化碳性大鼠肺动脉高压中的变化及其与一氧化氮（NO）的关系。方法：SD大鼠40只随机分为正常对照组（NC）、低氧高二氧化碳组（HH）、低氧高二氧化碳加L-精氨酸（L-Arg）脂质体组（HP）、低氧高二氧化碳加L-硝基-精氨酸甲酯（L-NAME）组（HM）。测定平均肺动脉压（mPAP）、右室／（左室＋室间隔）重量比[RV／（LV＋S）]、血浆和肺组织匀浆一氧化氮（NO）含量。免疫组织化学和原位杂交法检测肺细小动脉HIF-1α及HIF-1αmRNA、内皮结构型一氧化氮合酶（ecNCS）蛋白及其mRNA的表达。结果：①HH组mPAP、RV／（LV＋S）高于NC组（P〈0．05）,HP组低于HH组（P〈0．01）;HM组mPAP高于HH组（P〈0．05）,RV／（LV＋S）与HH组差异无显著性。②HH组血浆及肺组织匀浆NO含量低于NC组（P〈0．01）,HP组高于HH组（P〈0．01）;HM组血浆、肺组织匀浆NO含量与HH组差异无显著性。③HH组肺细小动脉HIF-1α蛋白及HIF-1αmRNA表达高于NC组（P〈0．01）,ecNOSmRNA的表达低于NC组（P〈0．01）;HP组肺细小动脉HIF-1α蛋白及HIF-1αmRNA表达低于HH（P〈0．01）,ecNOS蛋白和ecNOSmRNA的表达高于HH组（P〈0．01）;HM组肺细小动脉HIR-1α蛋白及mRNA表达高于HH组（P〈0．05）,ecNOS蛋白和mRNA的表达低于HH组（P〈0．05）。结论：HIF-1α参与了慢性低氧高二氧化碳性大鼠肺动脉高压的形成,NO可能部分通过影响HIF-1α的表达和／或活性而实现其肺血管保护效应。     

脂蛋白与冠心病

冠心病绝大多数由动脉粥样硬化引起,而动脉粥样硬化的形成与消退均与血浆脂蛋白有密切关系。近年上述两者的关系已不断得到阐明,不仅血浆低密度脂蛋白浓度的增高可引起动脉粥样斑块的形成,且高密度脂蛋白浓度的降低亦与动脉粥样斑块的产生有关。此外,低密度脂蛋白(LDL)受体缺陷已被认为是家族性高胆固醇血症的原因。本文以脂蛋白为中心就血脂与脂蛋白的关系、高脂蛋白血症,动脉粥样硬化病变的预防,动脉粥样斑块的消退等四个方面探讨了动脉粥样硬化的发病原理与冠心病的防治问题。     

Audiovisuals Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Vagrant Woman . A film by JOHN MARSHALL
A Forty Dollar Misunderstanding . A film by JOHN MARSHALL
Two Brothers . A film by JOHN MARSHALL
Wrong Kid . A film by JOHN MARSHALL
The Informant . A film by JOHN MARSHALL
After the Game . A film by JOHN MARSHALL
901/904 . A film by JOHN MARSHALL
An Investigation of a Hit and Run . A film by JOHN MARSHALL
A Legal Discussion of a Hit and Run . A film by JOHN MARSHALL
Nothing Hurt but My Pride . A film by JOHN MARSHALL
Youth and the Man of Property . A film by JOHN MARSHALL
Manifold Controversy . A film by JOHN MARSHALL
Appitsch and the Drunk . A film by JOHN MARSHALL
Henry is Drunk . A film by JOHN MARSHALL
T-Group . A film by JOHN MARSHALL
You Wasn't Loitering . A film by JOHN MARSHALL     

PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE STIMULATION OF THE PHOSPHOLIPASE A2-ACYLATION SYSTEM OF SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES OF BRAIN, BY NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND OTHER AGONISTS

Methacholine, nicotine and succinylcholine stimulated the phospholipase A2-acylation system of synaptic membranes isolated from the cerebral cortex of guinea pig. Stimulation by acetylcholine was partially blocked by atropine and by D-tuberocurarine respectively, indicating both muscarinic and nicotinic stimulation. Muscarinic stimulation by acetylcholine was greater than -isotinic stimulation, and stimulation by acetylcholine was completely blocked by a combip, or;. and n-tuberocurarine. The phospholipase A2-acylat tem was stimulated by phenylcphrine., id. Cqxoterenoi. Stimulation by noradrenaline was J-. tidlr, by phenoxybenzamine and pindalol i:spectively, indicating both 8-adrenergic and P-adrenergic ztimulation. n-Adrenergic stimulation by noradrenaline was greater than P-adrenergic-stimulation. 5 -mlation by noradrenaline was completely blocked by a combination of phenoxybenzamins and pindalol. Stimulation of both acylation and phospholipid hydrolysis, by 5-hydroxytryptamine and histamine were partially blocked by methysergide and diphenhydramine respectively. Stimulation by dopamine was blocked by halopcridol. Stimulation by y-aminobutyric acid was partially blocked by strychnine and by picrotoxin. Dichloroisoproterenol, atropine, methysergidr, diphenhydramine, strychnine, picrotoxin and eserine, at relatively high concentrations (1 mM), stimuhted the phospholipase A2-acylation system. Synergistic stimulations of both acylatior, and hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine, were observed by adenosine combined with noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, dopamine or yaminobutyric acid, respectively. In the presence of ATP-MgCI, synergistic stimulations of the hydrolysis of phosphatidyicholine were observed after 30 s by noradrenaline combined with 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, dopamine, aminobutyric acid or carbamoylcholine respectively. In the presence of GTP-MgC12 synergistic stimulations were obtained by cdrbamoylcholine combined with noradrenaline. 5-hydroxytryptamine. histamine, dopamine or y-aminobutyric acid, respectively. In the presence of ATP-MgC12 plus GTP-MgC12, stimulation by noradrenaline and one other agonist including 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, dopamine, y-aminobutyric acid or carbamoylcholine were close to additive.     

Reviews of publications

Book reviewed in this article:
The Voyage of Charles Darwin: His Autobiographical writings, selected and arranged by Christopher Railing.
Penguin Nature Guides: Fungi of Northern Europe, Vols I & II, by S. Nilsson &; O. Persson; illustrated by B. Mossberg
Penguin Nature Guides: Plant Communities, by Anned Biilow-Olsen, illustrated by Susanne Larsen; translated from the Danish by Joan Tate; edited and adapted by Francis Rose.
Penguin Nature Guides: Fishes of the British and Northern European Seas, by J. Moller Christensen; illustrated by Bente Nystrom; translated from the Danish by Gwynne Vevers; edited and adapted by Gwynne Vevers and Philip Orkin.
Birds of Wood, Park and Garden, text and illustrations by Lars Jonsson; translated from the Swedish by Roger Tanner
Birds of Sea and Coast, text and illustrations by Lars Jonsson; translated from the Swedish by Roger Tanner     

Different types of ADP-ribose protein bonds formed by botulinum C2 toxin, botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase C3 and pertussis toxin

We attempted to characterize ADP-ribose-amino acid bonds formed by various bacterial toxins. The ADP-ribose-arginine bond formed by botulinum C2 toxin in actin was cleaved with a half-life of about 2 h by treatment with hydroxylamine (0.5 M). In contrast, the ADP-ribose-cysteine bond formed by pertussis toxin in transducin and the ADP-ribose-amino acid linkage formed by botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase C3 in platelet cytosolic proteins were not affected by hydroxylamine. HgCl2 cleaved the ADP-ribose-amino acid bond formed by pertussis toxin in transducin but not those formed by botulinum C2 toxin or botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase C3 in actin and platelet cytosolic proteins, respectively. NaOH (0.5 M) cleaved the ADP-ribose-amino acid bonds formed by botulinum C2 toxin and pertussis toxin but not the one formed by botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase C3. The data indicate that the ADP-ribose bond formed by botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase C3 differs from those formed by the known bacterial ADP-ribosylating toxins.     

Reviews of publications

Book reviewed in this article:
Taxonomy of Economic Seaweeds: With reference to some Pacific and Caribbean Species, 2 edited by Isabella A. Abbott. La Jolla
Botanic Gardens and the World Conservation Strategy edited by D. Bramwell, O. Hamann, V. Heywood & H. Synge
Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry 3rd ed., by J. B. Harborne
A monographic study of the genus Rosularia (Crassulaceae) by Urs Eggli
The Photographic Guide to Identify Mediterranean Wild Flowers by Roger Phillips assisted by Martin Rix and Nicky Fox
The Photographic Guide to Identify Mediterranean Wild Flowers by Roger Phillips assisted by Martin Rix and Nicky Fox
Conserving the Wild Relatives of Crops by Erich Hoyt.
Somatic Cell Genetics of Woody Plants edited by M. R. Ahuja
Indian Journal of Natural Rubber Research
Dictionary of Weeds of Eastern Europe by G. Williams and K. Hunyadi
Nutrition of the Angiosperm Embryo by David R. Murray.
Plant Pigments edited by T. W. Goodwin.
Panbiogeography edited by R. Craw & G. Sermonti
Saxifrages of Europe: with notes on African, American and some Asiatic species by D. A. Webb & R. J. Gornall     

Reviews of publications

Principles of Crop Improvement, by N. W. Simmonds
Marine Organisms – Genetics, Ecology & Evolution, edited by B. Battaglia & J. A. Beardrnore
Arthropod Phytogeny, edited by A. P. Gupta. Van Nostrand Reinhold
Field Guide to the Land Snails of Britain and North-west Europe, by M. P. Kernev & R. A. D. Cameron; illustrated by Gordon Riley
Key to the Fishes of Northern Europe, by Alwync Wheeler; illustrated by Peter Stebbing; maps by F. Rodney Fraser
Penguin Nature Guides: The Biology of Flowers, by Eigil Holm; illustrated by Thomas BredsdorfT; translated by Joan Tate; edited & adapted by Ronald Melville
Penguin Nature Guides: Orchids of Northern Europe, by Sven Nilsson; illustrated by Bo Mossberg; edited & adapted by P. Francis Hunt
A New Look at the Dinosaurs, by Alan Charig. Heinemann     

Involvement of transforming growth factor-alpha secreted by macrophages in metallothionein induction by endotoxin

The mechanism of metallothionein (MT) induction of the liver by endotoxin, which is mediated by a factor secreted by endotoxin-stimulated macrophages, was studied in vitro. MT induction of the liver cells by the endotoxin-stimulated macrophage conditioned medium was inhibited by a monoclonal antiepidermal growth factor (EGF) / transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) receptor antibody, which acts as an antagonist of EGF and TGF-alpha. MT was induced by the substance, which was adsorbed by polyclonal antibody to TGF-alpha, but not by a monoclonal antibody to EGF, in the conditioned medium of endotoxin-stimulated macrophages. These results suggest that TGF-alpha secreted by macrophages is involved in MT induction by endotoxin.     

植物生长调节物质IP－1号对木薯产量及其生物性状的影响

１９９０和１９９１年在木薯（ＭａｎｉｈｏｔｅｓｃｕｌｅｎｔａＣｒａｎｔｚ）生长期以植物生长调节物质ＩＰ－１号０,２０,３０和４０ｐｐｍ进行叶面喷洒,结果表明：３０ｐｐｍ处理可使木薯块根产量平均增加５４．４４％,块根淀粉含量平均提高２０．８１％。单株最大薯重提高３１．５５％,块根数增加２１．１７％,块根长度增长１７．６２％,地上部鲜重增加３４．３６％,植株高度增加４．３６％,植株收获期保留青叶数增加１９．４２％,主茎直径增加６．２６％,块根直径增加２．５８％,叶片的叶绿素和蛋白质含量分别提高５．５７％和２５．９６％,叶片光合作用强度提高１５．８６％,而对主茎高度、主茎节数没有明显影响。     

Relationship between ion requirements for respiration and membrane transport in a marine bacterium.

Intact cells of the marine bacterium Alteromonas haloplanktis 214 oxidized NADH, added to the suspending medium, by a process which was stimulated by Na+ or Li+ but not K+. Toluene-treated cells oxidized NADH at three times the rate of untreated cells by a mechanism activated by Na+ but not by Li+ or K+. In the latter reaction, K+ spared the requirement for Na+. Intact cells of A. haloplanktis oxidized ethanol by a mechanism stimulated by either Na+ or Li+. The uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid by intact cells of A. haloplanktis in the presence of either NADH or ethanol as an oxidizable substrate required Na+, and neither Li+ nor K+ could replace it. The results indicate that exogenous and endogenous NADH and ethanol are oxidized by A. haloplanktis by processes distinguishable from one another by their requirements for alkali metal ions and from the ion requirements for membrane transport. Intact cells of Vibrio natriegens and Photobacterium phosphoreum oxidized NADH, added externally, by an Na+-activated process, and intact cells of Vibrio fischeri oxidized NADH, added externally, by a K+-activated process. Toluene treatment caused the cells of all three organisms to oxidize NADH at much faster rates than untreated cells by mechanisms which were activated by Na+ and spared by K+.     

Reviews of Publications

Book reviewed in this article:
Flowers of the Himalaya , by Oleg Polunin and Adam Stainton.
A Guide to the Vegetation of Britain and Europe , by Oleg Polunin and Martin Walters.
The Experimental Biology of Bryophytes, edited by A. F. Dyer & J. G. Duckett.
A Birdwatcher's Miscellany, edited by Rob Hume.
The Moths and Butterjlies of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 10, Noctuidae (Part II) and Agaristidae, edited by J. Heath.
Atlas of Butterjlies in Britain and Ireland, by J. Heath, E. Pollard & J. A. Thomas.
Colour Identification Guide to Butterjlies of the British Isles, revised edition by T. G. Howarth.
The World of Butterjlies, An Illustrated Encyclopaedia, by V. Sbordoni & S.Forestiero.
Colour Identijcation Guide to Moths of the British Isles, by Bernard Skinner.
The Biology of Buttegies, edited by R. I. Vane-Wright & P. R. Ackery.
Australian Grasses, by Nancy T. Burbidge, revised by Surrey W. L. Jacobs.
Collins Guide to Grasses, Sedges, Rushes and Ferns, by R. Fitter & A. Fitter. Collins.
Grasses of the Soviet Union, by N. N. Tsvelev, edited by A. A. Fedorov.
The European Garden Flora, Volume 2, Monocotyledons (Part ZZ), edited by S. M Walters et al.
Grasses, 3rd edition, by C. E. Hubbard, revised by J. C. E. Hubbard.