家兔蓝斑复合核区微量注入去甲肾上腺素能激动剂和拮抗剂对呼吸和血压的效应

于麻醉家兔脑桥蓝斑复合核(LC)区微量注入去甲肾上腺素溶液(0.1mol,1或2μl),引起肺通气量增加和动脉血压升高。上、下丘间全离断脑干或横断中脑被盖及其背侧结构,不能消除此效应。LC 区同一点施加电刺激引起相同效应。LC 区注入α-受体阻断剂酚妥拉明(0.1mol,2μl)、妥拉苏林(0.1mol,2μl)或 α-受体激动剂氯压啶(0.02mol或0.1mol,2μl),使肺通气量明显减少,而对血压影响不大。本结果提示LC及附近被盖区的去甲肾上腺素能传人纤维可通过 α-受体调制该区的植物性机能。     

全反式维甲酸下调肝癌细胞HepG2内AFP结合蛋白的表达

当成人肝细胞发生癌变,甲胎蛋白(alpha-fetoprotein,AFP)在血清中的含量会急剧增加.AFP可与细胞表面AFP结合蛋白(AFP binding protein,ABP)结合促使细胞增殖分化.全反式维甲酸(al1-trans retinoic acid,ATRA)通过与特异性维甲酸受体(retinoic acid receptor,RAR)结合发挥抑制肿瘤生长的作用.Western印迹检测肝癌细胞HepG2和HLE中ABP的表达.结果显示,ABP在HepG2细胞中高表达,在HLE细胞中无明显表达.这一结果与2种细胞AFP的表达情况一致.激光扫描共聚焦显微镜定位分析显示,ABP存在于HepG2细胞胞膜和胞浆,用80μmol/L ATRA处理HepG2细胞4 h,可导致RAR入核增加.用不同浓度(20～160μmol/L)ATRA处理HepG2细胞后培养36 h.Western印迹结果表明,细胞ABP的表达随着ATRA浓度的增高而越少,ATRA浓度达80μmol/L时,HepG2细胞的ABP表达减少,ATRA浓度为160μmol/L时,ABP几乎无表达;加入80μmol/L ATRA后,随着作用时间延长,HepG2细胞ABP表达逐渐减少,当作用时间为12 h时,ABP表达明显减少.结果表明,ABP的表达对ATRA的反应呈剂量和时间依赖性.免疫共沉淀结果表明,AFP、ABP及RAR这3种蛋白质具有互相结合的作用.这些结果为进一步深入研究AFP在肝癌发生过程中的作用机制提供了依据.     

基于卷积神经网络-长短期记忆神经网络模型利用光学体积描记术重建动脉血压波信号

目的 直接动脉血压（arterial blood pressure,ABP）连续监测是侵入式的,传统袖带式的间接血压测量法无法实现连续监测。既往利用光学体积描记术（photoplethysmography,PPG）实现了连续无创血压监测,但其为收缩压和舒张压的离散值,而非ABP波的连续值,本研究期望基于卷积神经网络-长短期记忆神经网络（CNN-LSTM）利用PPG信号波重建ABP波信号,实现连续无创血压监测。方法 构建CNN-LSTM混合神经网络模型,利用重症监护医学信息集（medical information mart for intensive care,MIMIC）中的PPG与ABP波同步记录信号数据,将PPG信号波经预处理降噪、归一化、滑窗分割后输入该模型,重建与之同步对应的ABP波信号。结果 使用窗口长度312的CNN-LSTM神经网络时,重建ABP值与实际ABP值间误差最小,平均绝对误差（mean absolute error,MAE）和均方根误差（root mean square error,RMSE）分别为2.79 mmHg和4.24 mmHg,余弦相似度最大,重建ABP值与实际ABP值一致性和相关性情况良好,符合美国医疗器械促进协会（Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation,AAMI）标准。结论 CNN-LSTM混合神经网络可利用PPG信号波重建ABP波信号,实现连续无创血压监测。     

问题解答

答：学生在学习《生物》第二册第六章时,往往得出一个错误的结论：COZ对人体来说是代谢废物,无用之物。其实不然,据生理学家长期研究发现,COZ是人体生命活动不可缺少的物质,对人体生命活动起着十分重要的作用,其主要作用表现以下几个方面：（1）COZ不仅是调节呼吸运动,而且是维持呼吸中枢正常兴奋性所必须的生理性刺激物。若吸入气中COZ增加到4％,呼吸运动明显加强、加快,使肺通气量增加1倍;当吸入气CO。增加到10％时,肺通气量可达静息时的8～10倍,且出现呼吸困难;而当CO。浓度达35％～40％时,可使呼吸中枢麻醉而出现…     

吸入二氧化硫对鼻腔内血管阻力及气道阻力的急性反应(英文)

人们在吸入含有二氧化硫(SO2)的空气会出现鼻阻塞反应。本研究使用麻醉猪测量SO2对鼻腔血管和气道阻力的影响以及其控制机制。将相同通气量的空气从呼出方向通入两侧鼻腔或直接经支气管入肺,测量鼻腔及支气管的气流压力并计算鼻腔及支气管气流阻力的改变。同时记录体动脉的压力和鼻腔动脉的血流量以计算血管阻力的变化。空气中含有2 ppm SO2时,血压及鼻血管阻力下降但鼻气道及支气管阻力上升。空气中SO2含量上升至8 ppm时,血压、鼻血管阻力和支气管气流阻力均上升,但鼻气道阻力下降。直接鼻腔刺激和经支气管入肺引起的反应相同。单侧鼻腔刺激引出双侧反应。钌红抑制鼻腔刺激反应。两侧迷走交感神经切除抑制肺刺激反应。因此2 ppm SO2引起经受体反射鼻血管扩张令鼻阻塞,而较高浓度SO2引发经受体反射鼻血管收缩令鼻阻塞减轻。短时间暴露(STEL)于2 ppm SO2所引起鼻阻塞及支气管收缩可限制SO2进入肺部,而较高浓度SO2引发鼻阻塞减轻可令总气道阻力下降以对抗支气管收缩产生的肺通气减少。     

烟草薄层培养生长素结合蛋白ABP1的定位和ABP1在细胞分化中的变化

以烟草（Nicotiana tabacum L.)盛花期花梗薄层为材料,研究营养芽分化的不同时期生长素结合蛋白（ABP1)在组织与细胞中的分布变化,免疫荧光标记结果表明,烟草花梗中ABP1主要分布于表皮及亚表皮1－2层细胞内。不同分化期ABP1在烟草花梗薄层原生质体中的表达不同,细胞分化旺盛期ABP1的表达最强,分化后期ABP1的表达有所减弱;Western blotting结果表明,ABP1多克隆抗血清与烟草花梗薄层细胞及分化过程中26kD蛋白有免疫交叉反应。     

生长素结合蛋白基因在黄瓜果实发育中的功能研究

应用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT—PCR),从黄瓜子房(幼果)中扩增出生长素结合蛋白ABP1)cDNA片段。该基因在开花前1天的子房中表达信号较弱,在授粉后2、4和6天的幼果中表达较强;在开花后2天有单性结实能力的子房中表达信号较强,不能形成果实的子房中信号较弱,所以ABP1基因可能参与黄瓜果实的生长发育过程。将拟南芥ABP1基因转入黄瓜中,转基因黄瓜的单性结实率平均为31.7％,高于对照(19．9％)。由于黄瓜的单性结实主要与生长素有关,所以,转基因植株单性结实率的提高可能是由于子房增强了对自身所含生长素的敏感性所致,说明生长素结合蛋白参与生长素在黄瓜果实生长发育中的生理作用。     

耐高渗透压酵母生产甘油及阿拉伯糖醇的研究II．Hansenula arabitolgenes Fang产生阿拉伯糖醇的条件

研究了275号酵母(Hansenula arabitolgenvy Fang)产生多元醇的条件。在最适情况下,30％的葡萄糖发酵4日可产生10％左右的多元醇(发酵液中浓度),收率按加入糖计算为33％。其中主要是阿拉伯糖醇,发酵液中甘油浓度仅1％左右。通气量对发酵有很大影响,通气量增大时,多元醇产量增加,乙醇产量减少,残糖低,酵母重量增加。磷酸盐对发酵无显著影响。     

关于人体氧耗量与肺通气量、心率、呼吸频率直线回归关系的实验研究

本文以5名健康男性为被试者,进行了氧耗量与肺通气量、心率、呼吸频率三者间直线回归关系的实验研究:1.当在踏车上进行轻及中等强度的下肢运动实验时,可见氧耗量与肺通气量、心率及呼吸频率间都是高度相关的,但以氧耗量与肺通气量之间的线性关系为最好。氧的通气当量值为22.49,个体差异小,在两个月的时间内基本稳定。故在进行下肢肌群为主的体力活动时,应以采用肺通气量法间接推算氧耗量最为准确;条件相近的个体,从事相同类型的下肢运动时,有可能共用一条回归直线。2.当进行上肢运动时,与下肢运动相比,普遍出现相对过度通气及呼吸频率相对加快现象,并且个体间的差异也较大;但其氧耗量与心率间的直线回归关系却与进行下肢运动时相接近,故对于在坐姿条件下进行的轻度或中度上肢体力活动来说,可能用心率法间接推算代谢率较肺通气量法更为合适,但有待进一步证实。     

热应激时大鼠肺组织中β-肾上腺素受体的变化与膜磷脂代谢的关系

本文观察了热应激对大鼠肺组织细胞膜中β-受体Bmax,磷脂酶A_2(PLA_2)活性,磷脂酰胆碱(PC),磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)含量的影响及膜流动性的改变。测得正常大鼠肺中β-受体的B_(max),PLA_2活性,PC和PS值分别为479±94fmol/mg蛋白,78.5±8.2U,53.5±9.7mg/g湿重和425.1±68.1μg/g湿重;在热应激使肛温达42℃并持续15min时,β-受体B_(max)减少43％;PLA_2活性增加83％,PC和PS分别减少50％和47％;测流动性结果表明,热应激使红细胞和肺组织细胞膜流动性都明显减弱。作者认为这些变化之间的关系是:β-受体B_(max)的减少可能是热应激时激活了肺组织细胞膜中的PLA_2,加速了PC和PS等的分解代谢,使膜液晶态改变的结果。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.