Epstein—Barr病毒膜抗原基因免疫的研究

将Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒｒ病毒（ＥＢＶ）膜抗原（ＭＡ）ＢＬＬＦ１基因,插入含有ＣＭＶ启动子的真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３下游ＢａｍＨＩ位点,构建成真核表达质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ＭＡ。将纯化的ＤＮＡ注射Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠股四头肌。经免疫的动物产生抗ＥＢ病毒ＭＡ特异性的抗体和中和抗体,依赖抗体细胞介导的细胞毒作用（ＡＤＣＣ）,特异性Ｔ淋巴细胞增生性反应及细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）杀伤作用。基因免疫与基因－蛋白     

Epstein-Barr病毒膜抗原基因免疫的研究

将Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒ病毒（ＥＢＶ）膜抗原（ＭＡ）ＢＬＬＦ１基因,插入含有ＣＭＶ启动子的真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３下游ＢａｍＨＩ位点,构建成真核表达质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ＭＡ。将纯化的ＤＮＡ注射Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠股四头肌。经免疫的动物产生抗ＥＢ病毒ＭＡ特异性的抗体和中和抗体,依赖抗体细胞介导的细胞毒作用（ＡＤＣＣ）,特异性Ｔ淋巴细胞增生性反应及细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）杀伤作用。基因免疫与基因－蛋白联合免疫效果相似。不同启动子控制下的ＭＡ基因,诱发小鼠免疫应答无明显差异。     

抗乙肝病毒表面抗原嵌合抗体基因在昆虫细胞中的表达

应用杆状病毒表达系统在昆虫细胞中表达了抗乙肝病毒表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）人－鼠嵌合抗体重,轻链基因,鼠源单克隆抗体ＯＨ３重,轻链可变区（ＶＨ,ＶＬ）ｃＤＮＡ分别与人免疫球蛋白恒区γ３,ｋ,ｃＤＮＡ拼接成人－鼠嵌合抗体基因,含嵌合抗体的转移载体与线性化病毒ＤＮＡ共转染Ｓｆ９细胞,并通过点杂交ＰＣＲ扩增和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ分析获得重组病毒。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ和竞争ＥＬＩＳＡ表明以重组病毒感染的     

丙型肝炎病毒E2基因DNA免疫实验动物研究

将编码丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）Ｅ２蛋白４１７～７５０位氨基酸的ＤＮＡ片段　克隆到真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ　３．１（－）中的ＣＭＶ　ＩＥ启动子下游,构建成ＨＣＶ　Ｅ２重组真核表达质粒　ｐｃＥ２。ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测ｐｃＥ２　ＤＮＡ免疫兔血清中的Ｅ２抗体变化和维持规律,结果显示免疫２０ｄ已有　抗体产生,３０ｄ后开始进入高峰,４０ｄ时达到最高值,至第９０ｄ抗体水平保持平稳,抗体滴度　达到１∶１６００左右。流式细胞计数仪（ＦＡＣＳ）检测ｐｃＥ２　ＤＮＡ免疫鼠ＣＤ４＋、ＣＤ８＋Ｔ淋巴细胞变　化情况,与注射空载体ｐＣＤＮＡ３．１（－）的阴性鼠相比,ＣＤ４＋淋巴细胞水平略有上升,ＣＤ８＋　细胞水平有较大升高,增幅达３５．４６％。免疫组化检测结果显示注射ｐｃＥ２的小鼠组织中有明显　的阳性着色,而注射ｐｃＤＮＡ３．１（－）的对照组小鼠免疫组化结果为阴性。以上结果表明：ｐｃＥ２　在实验动物内表达出的ＨＣＶ　Ｅ２蛋白可以引起免疫动物的体液免疫应答和细胞免疫应答,尤其　是ＭＨＣ－１限制性杀伤性ＣＤ８＋Ｔ淋巴细胞水平的提高对清除　病毒是十分有利的,因此ＨＣＶ　Ｅ２　ＤＮＡ免疫有可能成为预防和治疗ＨＣＶ感染的一条新途径。     

番茄花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因及3′端非编码区的克隆、序列分析及其表达

根据已报道的番茄花叶病毒Ｌ株系（ＴｏＭＶＬ）序列人工合成引物,经ＲＴＰＣＲ扩增并克隆了我国番茄花叶病毒分离物（ＴｏＭＶＳ１）的外壳蛋白ＣＰ基因及３′端非编码区。序列测定结果表明,所得ｃＤＮＡ共长６８２个核苷酸,其中ＣＰ基因含４８０个核苷酸,编码１５８个氨基酸,３′端非编码区含２０２个核苷酸,其核苷酸序列与ＴｏＭＶＬ株系具有９９．５％的同源率。将该基因片段克隆到ｐＧＥＭＥＸ１载体中,转入Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ后诱导表达,经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ检测证明,该基因已在大肠杆菌中正确表达。这是我国首次报道ＴｏＭＶＣＰ基因序列。     

人表皮生长因子(EGF)与单核-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达

应用基因工程技术,将ＥＧＦ、ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ基因克隆到ｐＧＥＭ－３Ｚｆ（＋）载体的ＥｃｏＲＩ,ＢａｍＨＩ位点上,再将重组融合基因亚克隆到表达载体ｐＢＶ２２０的ＥｃｏＲＩ,ＢａｍＨＩ位点上,在大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α中进行表达,ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ表明ＥＧＦ－ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ融合蛋白获得表达,并且具有ＥＧＦ、ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的免疫学活性．这为进一步研究该融合蛋白的功能和肿瘤治疗提供一种新的基因产品．     

LIF基因转染的ES细胞生长与分化特性的研究

我们将人Ｄ型ＬＩＦｃＤＮＡ以正反两种方向分别克隆到载体ＰＫＣＲ３,并引入ｎｅｏ基因,构建成ｐＳＶＬＤ和ＰＳＶＬＤ质粒,按磷酸钙沉淀法分别转染ＥＳ－５胚胎干细胞,,经Ｇ４１８和没浓度ＬＩＥ条件培液共同筛选,,Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ分析以及ＥＳ－５细胞集落分化抑制能力测定,建立了过度表达分泌ＬＩＦ的ＥＳＬ（＋）细胞株和表达外源反义ＬＩＦＲＮＡ的ＥＳＬ（－）细胞株。我们发现,我们发现,ＥＳＬ     

重组人MCAF／GM－CSF融合蛋白表达及其生物学活性研究

利用ＰＣＲ技术和ＤＮＡ体外重组方法,把作为导向效应细胞到靶部位的单核细胞趋化激活因子（ＭＣＡＦ）和粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）进行基因融合,置于ｐＢＶ２２０载体的λＰＲＰＬ串联启动子下游,构建了ＳＤ序列与ＡＴＧ之间含有不同核苷酸组成的重组质粒ｐＭＧ０１、ｐＭＧ０２和ｐＭＧ０３。ｐＭＧ０１、ｐＭＧ０２和ｐＭＧ０３的翻译起始区都不存在稳定的二级结构,但ＤＨ５α（ｐＭＧ０２、ＤＨ５α（ｐＭＧ０３）的表达水平远远高于ＤＨ５α（ｐＭＧ０１）,ＤＨ５α（ＰＭＧ０１）几乎没有表达。表达产物经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ检测表明,它能分别与ＭＣＡＦ和ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ抗体发生特异反应。生物学活性测定表明,表达产物具有明显的单核细胞趋化活性和维持ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ依赖的ＴＦ１细胞生长的特性,说明ＭＣＡＦ和ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的生物学功能是相容的．     

戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)合成肽及基因重组抗原免疫反应性研究

用ＯＲＦ２、ＯＲＦ３合成肽抗原（１～１０号）及基因工程重组的ＯＲＦ２抗原（１和２号）分别建立了酶联免疫方法（ＥＩＡ）,检测６０份戊型肝炎病人血清中ＨＥＶＩｇＧ及ＩｇＭ１０个合成肽抗原（Ｓｐ１－Ｓｐ１０）及２个重组抗原（Ｒｅ１、Ｒｅ２）,均和ＨＥＶ阳性血清发生特异反应,但阳性率和反应强度差别很大。以Ｒｅ１（ＯＲＦ２,４０２～６６０）检测的抗体阳性率最高,为９６．７％（５８／６０）;Ｓｐ６（ＯＲＦ３,８８～１２３）次之,为９３．３％（５６／６０）;以上两种抗原混合使用阳性率为１００％（６０／６０）。Ｓｐ６、Ｒｅ１及这两种抗原混合使用检测抗ＨＥＶＩｇＭ,阳性率分别为１８．３％（１１／６０）、６６．７％（４０／６０）和６６．７％（４０／６０）。研究结果表明：合成肽６号（Ｓｐ６）及重组抗原１号（Ｒｅ１）是制备戊肝抗体诊断试剂的理想抗原。     

戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）合成肽及基因重组抗的免疫反应性研究

用ＯＲＦ２、ＯＲＦ３合成肽抗原（１－１０号）及基因工程重组的ＯＲＦ２抗原（１和２号）分别建立了酶联免疫方法（ＥＩＡ）,检测６０份戊型肝炎病人血清中ＨＥＶＩｇＧ及ＩｇＭ１０个合成肽抗原及２人重组抗原,均和ＨＥＶ阳性血清发生特异反应,但阳性率和反应强度差别很大。以Ｒｅｌ（ＯＲＦ２,４０２－６６０）检测的抗体阳性率最高,为９６．７％;Ｓｐ６（ＯＲＦ３,８８－１２３）次之,为９３．３％（５６／６０）;以上     

谷氨酰胺：6-磷酸果糖酰胺基转移酶多克隆抗体的制备及应用

目的：采用原核表达系统表达和纯化重组谷氨酰胺：6-磷酸果糖酰胺基转移酶（GFAT）,制备GFAT多克隆抗体,并用以研究在糖尿病发生发展过程中GFAT的表达情况。方法：通过生物信息学分析其抗原性和属间同源性,选择需要的基因区域;利用RT-PCR扩增小鼠肝脏cDNA中GFAT基因片段,克隆到表达载体pET28b中;在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中诱导表达,并用镍离子螯合柱（Ni-NTA）纯化重组GFAT;用纯化的重组GFAT免疫BALB／c小鼠后得到多克隆抗体;用Western印迹检测正常小鼠、高血糖小鼠及胰岛素抵抗小鼠的组织GFAT的表达。结果：Western印迹分析表明,制备的GFAT抗体具有较高的特异性,可特异性识别重组GFAT和正常小鼠肝脏、肾脏、骨骼肌和肺组织的GFAT;与正常小鼠相比,高脂饲料诱导的胰岛素抵抗小鼠肌肉组织的GFAT表达升高约1．8倍,肝脏组织则略有升高;高血糖小鼠肌肉组织和肝脏组织的GFAT表达也略有上升,但无统计学差异。结论：利用原核表达及Ni-NTA纯化系统可制备小鼠GFAT多克隆抗体;正常小鼠骨骼肌GFAT表达较高;肌肉组织的GFAT表达在胰岛素抵抗小鼠显著性升高,而与小鼠血糖水平无明显相关性。     

Myostatin short interfering hairpin RNA gene transfer increases skeletal muscle mass

BACKGROUND: Myostatin negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth. Myostatin knockout mice exhibit muscle hypertrophy and decreased interstitial fibrosis. We investigated whether a plasmid expressing a short hairpin interfering RNA (shRNA) against myostatin and transduced using electroporation would increase local skeletal muscle mass. METHODS: Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting myostatin were co-transfected with a myostatin-expressing plasmid into HEK293 cells and identified for myostatin silencing by Western blot. Corresponding shRNAs were cloned into plasmid shRNA expression vectors. Myostatin or a randomer negative control shRNA plasmid was injected and electroporated into the tibialis anterior or its contralateral muscle, respectively, of nine rats that were sacrificed after 2 weeks. Six other rats received a beta-galactosidase reporter plasmid and were sacrificed at 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Uptake of plasmid was examined by beta-galactosidase expression, whereas myostatin expression was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. Muscle fiber size was determined by histochemistry. Satellite cell proliferation was determined by PAX7 immunohistochemistry. Myosin heavy chain type II (MHCII) expression was determined by Western blot. RESULTS: beta-Galactosidase reporter plasmid was expressed at 1 and 2 weeks but diminished by 4 weeks in tibialis anterior skeletal muscle. Myostatin shRNA reduced myostatin mRNA and protein expression by 27 and 48%, respectively. Tibialis anterior weight, fiber size, and MHCII increased by 10, 34, and 38%, respectively. Satellite cell number was increased by over 2-fold. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first demonstration that myostatin shRNA gene transfer is a potential strategy to increase muscle mass.     

Lower skeletal muscle mass in male transgenic mice with muscle-specific overexpression of myostatin

Mutations in the myostatin gene are associated with hypermuscularity, suggesting that myostatin inhibits skeletal muscle growth. We postulated that increased tissue-specific expression of myostatin protein in skeletal muscle would induce muscle loss. To investigate this hypothesis, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress myostatin protein selectively in the skeletal muscle, with or without ancillary expression in the heart, utilizing cDNA constructs in which a wild-type (MCK/Mst) or mutated muscle creatine kinase (MCK-3E/Mst) promoter was placed upstream of mouse myostatin cDNA. Transgenic mice harboring these MCK promoters linked to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expressed the reporter protein only in skeletal and cardiac muscles (MCK) or in skeletal muscle alone (MCK-3E). Seven-week-old animals were genotyped by PCR of tail DNA or by Southern blot analysis of liver DNA. Myostatin mRNA and protein, measured by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively, were significantly higher in gastrocnemius, quadriceps, and tibialis anterior of MCK/Mst-transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice. Male MCK/Mst-transgenic mice had 18-24% lower hind- and forelimb muscle weight and 18% reduction in quadriceps and gastrocnemius fiber cross-sectional area and myonuclear number (immunohistochemistry) than wild-type male mice. Male transgenic mice with mutated MCK-3E promoter showed similar effects on muscle mass. However, female transgenic mice with either type of MCK promoter did not differ from wild-type controls in either body weight or skeletal muscle mass. In conclusion, increased expression of myostatin in skeletal muscle is associated with lower muscle mass and decreased fiber size and myonuclear number, decreased cardiac muscle mass, and increased fat mass in male mice, consistent with its role as an inhibitor of skeletal muscle mass. The mechanism of gender specificity remains to be clarified.     

Ablation of Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein (PML) Re-patterns Energy Balance and Protects Mice from Obesity Induced by a Western Diet

The promyelocytic leukemia protein is a well known tumor suppressor, but its role in metabolism is largely unknown. Mice with a deletion in the gene for PML (KO mice) exhibit altered gene expression in liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle, an accelerated rate of fatty acid metabolism, abnormal glucose metabolism, constitutive AMP-activating kinase (AMPK) activation, and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Last, an increased rate of energy expenditure protects PML KO mice from the effects of obesity induced by a Western diet. Collectively, our study uncovers a previously unappreciated role of PML in the regulation of metabolism and energy balance in mice.     

Detection of HLA-G on human extravillous cytotrophoblast and skeletal muscle with a new monoclonal antibody MEM-G/1

Using immunohistochemistry with the newly available monoclonal antibody MEM-G/1 the reaction patterns on frozen and formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded sections on human placentas, lymph nodes, skeletal muscles, and kidney and liver allografts were compared. HLA-G (a nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class I molecule that is assumed to influence the immune response during pregnancy and some pathological conditions) was found within human extravillous cytotrophoblast but not within villous cytotrophoblast and placental mesenchymal tissue. No HLA-G expression on human lymph nodes, tonsils, and kidney and liver allografts was demonstrated. However, HLA-G expression was observed in all samples of skeletal muscle. The binding capacity of monoclonal antibody MEM-G/1 provides new possibilities to study physiological and pathophysiological roles of HLA-G in humans.     

非转座子载体介导的转基因家蚕表达hIL-28A

为了探讨非转座子载体介导转基因家蚕表达外源基因的可能性,将hIL-28A克隆进昆虫细胞表达载体pIZT/V5-His,构建了重组载体pIZT/V5-His-hIL-28A.利用精子介导法将该重组载体导入家蚕卵,通过绿色荧光筛选并结合PCR、DNA杂交等分子鉴定,证实成功获得了转基因家蚕.Western blotting结果显示,转基因家蚕表达重组hIL-28A的分子质量为25 ku,ELISA检测结果显示,hIL-28A在G3代转基因蚕、后部丝腺、脂肪组织冻干粉中的含量分别为0.198、0.320和0.238 ng/g.表明通过非转座子载体介导可以将外源基因导入家蚕基因组并实现外源基因的表达.     

红细胞生成素基因在大鼠体内的表达及表达产物的生物学效应

红细胞生成素（ｅｒｙｔｈｒｏｐｏｉｅｔｉｎ,ＥＰＯ）是一种由胎儿肝脏和成人肾脏产生的多肽类生长因子,在体内的表达具有严格的组织特异性,因此,慢性肾病所引起的贫血常常难以得到有效的治疗．随着基因治疗技术的不断成熟与完善,尤其是近年一些实验室先后发现质粒...     

Isolation and properties of cytochrome c oxidase from rat liver and quantification of immunological differences between isozymes from various rat tissues with subunit-specific antisera

Cytochrome c oxidase was isolated from rat liver either by affinity chromatography on cytochrome-c--Sepharose 4B or by chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose. Dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of both preparations showed the same subunit pattern consisting of 13 different polypeptides. Kinetic analysis of the two preparations gave a higher Vmax for the enzyme isolated by chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel. Specific antisera were raised in rabbits against nine of the ten nuclear endoded subunits. A monospecific reaction of each antiserum with its corresponding subunit was obtained by Western blot analysis, thus excluding artificial bands in the gel electrophoretic pattern of the isolated enzyme due to proteolysis, aggregation or conformational modification of subunits. With an antiserum against rat liver holocytochrome c oxidase a different reactivity was found by Western blot analysis for subunits VIa and VIII between isolated cytochrome c oxidases from pig liver or kidney and heart or skeletal muscle. For a quantitative analysis of immunological differences a nitrocellulose enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed. Monospecific antisera against 12 of the 13 subunits of rat liver cytochrome c oxidase were titrated with increasing amounts of total mitochondrial proteins from different rat tissues dissolved in dodecyl sulfate and dotted on nitrocellulose. The absorbance of a soluble dye developed by the second peroxidase-conjugated antibody was measured. From the data the following conclusions were obtained: (a) The mitochondrial encoded catalytic subunits I-III of cytochrome c oxidase are probably identical in all rat tissues. (b) All nine investigated nuclear encoded subunits of cytochrome c oxidase showed immunological differences between two or more tissues. Large immunological differences were found between liver, kidney or brain and heart or skeletal muscle. Minor but significant differences were observed for some subunits between heart and skeletal muscle and between liver, kidney and brain. (c) Between corresponding nuclear encoded subunits of cytochrome c oxidase from fetal and adult tissues of liver, heart and skeletal muscle apparent immunological differences were observed. The data could explain cases of fatal infantile myopathy due to cytochrome c oxidase deficiency.     

Two types of phosphofructokinase-1 differentially regulate the glycolytic pathway in insulin-stimulated chicken skeletal muscle

To elucidate the precise regulation of glucose homeostasis in chicken skeletal muscle, expression of muscle- and liver-type phosphofructokinase-1 (EC:2.7.1.11, PFK-M, PFK-L) was characterized in the insulin-stimulated state by Real-Time PCR. Firstly, chicken PFK-M and PFK-L full-length cDNA sequences were identified. The deduced amino acid sequences were 81.6% and 86.5% identical with human PFK-M and PFK-L, respectively. In pectoralis superficialis (PS) muscle and extensor digitorum longus (EDL), PFK-M mRNA levels were unchanged following insulin stimulation. Surprisingly, although mammalian PFK-L has been reported to be expressed in liver, kidney and brain, chicken PFK-L was not detected in liver and kidney, however, strong expression was detected in skeletal muscle and brain by Northern blot analysis. However, using PCR, PFK-L mRNA was detected in liver. Taken together, chicken PFK-L mRNA expression was at a very low level, below the detection limit of Northern blot analysis. Chicken PFK-L mRNA levels were increased 200% in PS muscle but decreased by 40% in EDL following insulin stimulation. These results suggest that two types of PFK regulate the glycolytic pathway in the insulin-stimulated state and, therefore, that glucose metabolism in chicken skeletal muscle may be regulated in a very different manner compared to mammals.     

抗对硫磷基因工程新型抗体的制备及初步鉴定

摘要: 【目的】提高抗对硫磷抗体的亲和力以提高酶联免疫检测的灵敏度。【方法】本研究通过抗对硫磷单链抗体基因和核心链霉亲和素基因片段的拼接重组,获得抗对硫磷单链抗体-核心链霉亲和素融合基因（scfv-sa）,并将该融合基因（scfv-sa）插入到表达载体pET28a(+)中,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）进行原核表达,制备融合蛋白。SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定scfv-sa的表达,Ni+-NTA亲和层析柱纯化融合蛋白,并用ELISA方法测定该融合抗体的亲和力。【结果】结果表明,在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中该融合基因能表达出分子量约为46kD的融合蛋白,形成了四价结构域-四价聚合抗体。ELISA测定结果表明该抗体能与对硫磷特异结合,抗体效价在1:1×106以上,亲和常数为4.25×107 L /mol。 【结论】制备的抗对硫磷四价聚合抗体能与抗原特异结合,与单克隆抗体相比,抗原结合位点显著增加,ELISA检测灵敏度显著提高。