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1.
Effect of abscisic acid and jasmonic acid on partial desiccation of encapsulated somatic embryos of sugarcane 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nieves Nadina Martínez M. E. Castillo R. Blanco María A. González-Olmedo J. L. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2001,65(1):15-21
Embryogenic calli of sugarcane (Saccharum sp. hybrid, clone CP52-43), with somatic embryos in the late scutelar stage, were subjected to different treatments for increasing
embryo tolerance to desiccation. The medium was supplemented with abscisic acid (ABA) (3.8 μM), jasmonic acid (JA) (4.7 μM)
or a combination of them. A control treatment without growth regulators was also included. The embryos were encapsulated in
alginate beads and dehydrated or not in sucrose (0.5 M). Thereafter, they were further dehydrated in chambers containing silicagel
until the beads reached either 60% or 30% of water content (WC). Survival of encapsulated-dehydrated embryos was achieved
only in the control and ABA treatment. ABA induced an increase in protein, polyamines, free proline levels and starch levels
as a response to desiccation tolerance. JA treatment showed the lowest protein and polyamines levels and increased the starch
content almost two-fold compared to the ABA treatment. The JA treatment induced high levels of 4-methylcatechol and the lowest
levels of gallic acid. However, the ABA treatment increased gallic acid and p-coumaric acid content in the induction medium.
Some differences were found in growth regulator free-medium in relation to the induction medium. JA is not effective in these
desiccation processes. The mechanisms by which these two plant growth regulators act on the induction of tolerance to stress
are presumably different.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
Unopened leaves, petioles and fully opened leaves from micropropagation cultures of five Vitis rotundifolia Michx. varieties were cultured on induction medium to study their embryogenic response. Among the various explants tested,
the maximum number of varieties produced embryogenic cultures from unopened leaves followed by fully opened leaves and petioles.
Based on morphological differences, two types of embryogenic cultures were identified. Friable cultures typically arose as
proembryonic masses (PEM) on induction medium, whereas somatic embryo production without an intervening PEM stage was observed
in compact cultures. Of the five varieties tested, the highest frequency of embryogenic response was observed from fully opened
leaves of ‘Supreme’ and unopened leaves and petioles of ‘Delicious’. Attempts to initiate suspension cultures from varieties
resulted in proliferation and maintenance of ‘Alachua’ and ‘Carlos’ cultures in liquid medium for 16 weeks. Embryogenic potential
of varieties was studied on cultures growing on embryo development medium. The maximum number of cotyledonary stage somatic
embryos from 0.2 g proembryonic masses were observed in ‘Carlos’ (379.3) followed by ‘Alachua’ (350.0) and ‘Delicious’ (305.0).
Cotyledonary stage somatic embryos germinated when cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 1 μM Benzyladenine (BA).
Although high embryo germination rates (80–100%) were observed in the varieties tested, plant recovery from germinated somatic
embryos ranged from 6–47%. Embryogenic cultures could be maintained on X6 medium and used in genetic engineering studies. 相似文献
3.
Summary Cermination of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] somatic embryos and conversion to whole plants are generally low. This study was conducted to investigate the
effects of proliferation, maturation, and desiccation methods on conversion of soybean somatic embryos to plants. Soybean
cv. Jack somatic embryos, proliferated on a solid medium containing 90.5 μM (20 mgl−1) 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D) (MSD20), showed a regeneration rate signficantly higher than those proliferated in
a liquid medium containing 45.25 μM (10mgl−1) 2,4-D (FN Lite). When a liquid medium without 2,4-D and B5 vitamins (FN Superlite) was used for maturation, the duration
of time necessary for embryo development could be shortened by more than a month compared to maturation on a standard solid
medium (MSM6AC). An air-drying method, in which somatic embryos were desiccated in an empty sealed Petri dish for 3–5d, gave
rise to the best germination efficiency among the four desiccation methods tested: fast, slow, air, and KCl methods. The final
percentage of moisture seems important since embyros over-dried by the fast and slow methods did not convert well into plants. 相似文献
4.
The influence of different sugars (sucrose, maltose, glucose and fructose, 0.05–0.5 M) on embryogenesis and plant regeneration
from cultured anthers of niger [Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass.] have been studied. Among the different sugars tested, 0.2 M sucrose was the best for embryo induction and
plant regeneration. Maximum of 57 embryos per 60 anthers were induced on embryo induction medium [Gamborg’s B5 medium supplemented
with 10 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2 μM kinetin (KIN)] containing 0.2 M sucrose. Embryo differentiation was
achieved on B5 medium supplemented with 0.5 μM benzyladenine (BA) and 0.09 M sucrose. Embryo maturation was on B5 medium containing
10 μM abscisic acid (ABA) and 0.09 M sucrose. Embryo germination was achieved on B5 medium with 0.09 M sucrose. Embryos that
were developed on B5 medium supplemented with 0.2 M sucrose showed highest frequency (68 %) of plant regeneration. 相似文献
5.
Dry artificial seeds and desiccation tolerance induction in microspore-derived embryos of broccoli 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Y. Takahata D. C. W. Brown W. A. Keller N. Kaizuma 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1993,35(2):121-129
Desiccation tolerance of broccoli microspore-derived embryos was induced by exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA). Embryos, which were desiccated to about 10% water content, were estimated for viability after rehydration. Survival was dependent on the ABA concentration and the development stage of embryo, but not on the length of exposure period to ABA or genotype. Cotyledonary stage embryos acquired the highest desiccation tolerance when treated with 1×10-4M ABA. Under this condition, on average 27–48% of the desiccated embryos could convert into plants. Embryos treated with 1×10-6M ABA or no ABA or earlier development-staged embryos, such as globular and heart stages, lost viability after desiccation. A one day exposure to ABA had the similar effect on the induction of desiccation tolerance as a 7-day treatment. The dried embryos maintained their ability of plant conversion after three months of storage under room conditions. The plants derived from the desiccated embryos were not different in the morphology or ploidy level from those from non-desiccated ones.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- RH
relative humidity 相似文献
6.
M. Capuana G. Petrini A. Di Marco R. Giannini 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2007,43(2):101-110
This is the first report on somatic embryogenesis in common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.). Experiments on somatic embryogenesis induction were carried out on zygotic embryos at different phases of development
and maturation. The embryo axes were isolated and cultured on media containing different plant growth regulators (PGRs). Embryogenic
tissues were obtained from embryos collected at an incomplete maturation phase and cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog
medium containing 8.8 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 4.4 μM benzyl-adenine (BA). Embryos isolated from seeds at an
advanced stage of maturation showed only organogenetic phenomena. Embryogenic tissues were successfully subcultured and multiplied
on medium containing a reduced concentration of PGRs. After their isolation, somatic embryos were induced to develop and mature
by transfer to PGR-free medium and subsequent culture on medium containing 0.1 μM BA. Somatic embryos developed completely
and also germinated spontaneously. Embryo germination and conversion were significantly improved when subjected to a period
of storage at 4°C and transplant onto woody plant medium. Plantlets were successfully transferred to soil and acclimatized
in a “misted” greenhouse. 相似文献
7.
Lydia Reidiboym-Talleux Florence Diemer Martine Sourdioux Kathy Chapelain Ghislaine Grenier-De March 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1998,55(3):199-209
Three different types of morphogenesis were identified in embryogenic cultures of Prunus avium grown on a proliferation medium
containing 0.54 μM NAA, 0.46 μM kinetin and 0.44 μM BA: a friable hyperhydric callus, repetitive embryogenesis and an embryogenic
tissue. Translucent and white somatic embryos were produced from the three types of morphogenesis but mainly from the embryogenic
tissue. These somatic embryos showed histological and cytological teratological features such as highly differentiated cells
with shrunken cytoplasm and destructured nuclei. For the four lines studied, somatic embryo production was improved by transferring
the embryogenic tissue to developmental media without auxin and cytokinin but supplemented with maltose alone or maltose and
10 μM ABA. Three weeks after transfer, the line showing the most embryogenesis produced 1404 somatic embryos per gram of embryogenic
tissue. A concentration of 263 mM maltose significantly increased the number of white somatic embryos for L 10 line, while
translucent somatic embryo production was improved by 88 mM maltose for L 16 line. The combination of maltose and ABA produced
different effects with each line. When used with 88 mM maltose, 10 μM ABA significantly increased white somatic embryo production
for two lines but decreased the production for one line. When combined with 263 mM maltose, ABA had no effect on white somatic
embryo production but significantly decreased the number of translucent somatic embryos. Cells of white somatic embryos contained
protein storage reserves and numerous lipid bodies, while those of translucent embryos did not contain storage reserves or
lipid bodies. After a two-month cold treatment conversion rate of white and translucent somatic embryos reached 8.5% and 35.2%
respectively.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Valerie Creaser Pence 《Plant cell reports》1991,10(3):144-147
Immature, white zygotic embryos of Theobroma cacao L. (cacao) retained the ability to produce callus and to undergo somatic embryogenesis after slow hydrated freezing and desiccated fast freezing in liquid nitrogen. The highest rate of somatic embryogenesis occurred in embryos which were precultured on a medium containing 3% sucrose, frozen slowly with cryoprotectants before exposure to liquid nitrogen, and recovered on a medium containing 3 mg/liter NAA. Embryos precultured on media containing sucrose increasing to 21% had a higher rate of survival but were less embryogenic after freezing. These results suggest that immature embryos might be used for long-term germplasm storage of T. cacao germplasm. 相似文献
9.
Daniela Lopes Paim Pinto Ana Maria Rocha de Almeida Mailson Monteiro Rêgo Maurecilne Lemes da Silva Evelyn Jardim de Oliveira Wagner Campos Otoni 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,107(3):521-530
Mature zygotic embryos of three genotypes of Passiflora edulis Sims, including ‘FB-100’, ‘FB-200’, and ‘FB-300’ were incubated on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962) medium supplemented with different concentrations (18.1–114.8 μM) of 2,4-diclorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4.4 μM of
6-benzyladenine (BA). MS basal medium and MS with BA induced germination of P. edulis embryos. The highest frequencies of embryogenic calli were observed when explants were incubated on MS medium supplemented
with 72.4 μM 2,4-D and 4.4 μM BA for ‘FB-200’, which showed the highest potential for embryogenic callus formation. Cytological
and histological analyses of pro-embryogenic callus revealed two distinct cell types: thin-walled, small, isodiametric cells
with large nuclei and dense cytoplasm, typical of intense metabolic activity; and elongated and vacuolated cells, with small
nuclei and less dense cytoplasm. Differentiation of somatic embryos was promoted on MS medium supplemented with activated
charcoal and indole-3-acetyl-l-aspartic acid (IAA-Asp) either with or without 2,4-D. However, no conversion of somatic embryos into plantlets was observed. 相似文献
10.
S. Hindson A. R. McElroy C. Portelance 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1998,34(3):181-184
Summary Various preconditioning treatments of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) somatic embryos to improve embryo quality and conversion were studied. Four different regenerating genotypes were compared.
Embryogenic cultures were established in liquid culture. Globular embryos were collected and plated on an embryo development
medium until they reached cotyledonary stage. They were then exposed to three treatments: a standard embryo development medium
(control), media supplementation with 1 μM abscisic acid (ABA), 50 mM glutamine and 5% sucrose (T), additional supplementation with 50 μM ABA (TT), and additional supplementation followed by desiccation (TTD). Treatments affected embryo conversion, but not uniformly
for all genotypes. Embryo conversion was increased (P<0.05) by pretreatment (T), while only one exhibited any response to additional ABA (T vs. TT). Desiccation decreased (P<0.05) conversion of pretreated embryos (TT vs. TTD) of all genotypes. The effect of treatments on plantlet weight was less
pronounced and inconsistent across genotypes. 相似文献
11.
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) offers vast potential for the clonal propagation of high-value roses. However, some recalcitrant
cultivars unresponsive to commonly employed SE-inducing agents and low induction rates currently hinder the commercialization
of SE technology in rose. Rose SE technology requires improvement before it can be implemented as a production system on a
commercial scale. In the present work, we assessed 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), a synthetic auxin not previously
tested in rose, for its effectiveness to induce SE in the rose cultivar ‘Livin’ Easy’ (Rosa sp.). We ran a parallel comparison to the commonly used 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). We tested each auxin with
two different basal media: Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium and woody plant medium (WPM). MS medium resulted in somatic
embryo production, whereas WPM did not. 2,4,5-T induced SE over a greater concentration range than 2,4-D's and resulted in
significantly greater embryo yields. 2,4,5-T at a concentration of 10 or 25 μM was better for embrygenic tissue initiation
than 2,4,5-T at 5 μM. Further embryo development occurred when the tissue was transferred to plant growth regulator (PGR)
free medium or media with 40% the original auxin concentration. However, the PGR-free medium resulted in a high percentage
of abnormal embryos (32.31%) compared to the media containing auxins. Upon transfer to germination medium, somatic embryos
successfully converted into plantlets at rates ranging from 33.3 to 95.2%, depending on treatment. Survival rates 3 months
ex vitro averaged 14.0 and 55.6% for 2,4-D- and 2,4,5-T-derived plantlets, respectively. Recurrent SE was observed in 60.2%
of the plantlets growing on germination medium. This study is the first report of SE in the commercially valuable rose cultivar
‘Livin’ Easy’ (Rosa sp.) and a suitable methodology was developed for SE of this rose cultivar. 相似文献
12.
Hector G. Nuñez-Palenius Harry J. Klee Daniel J. Cantliffe 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,85(3):345-352
In order to obtain a reliable embryo-rescue technique for wild type (WT) and transgenic ‘Galia’ muskmelon male parental line we evaluated three distinct parameters: nutrient media (E20A basic medium and E21, with six new supplements), two culture systems (removing the embryo from the seed or intact seed), and the use of embryos from fruit at increasing days post pollination (DPP). Transgenic muskmelon plants with the ACO gene in antisense orientation were obtained using a protocol previously described. Fruits were harvested at 4, 10, 17, 24 and 30 DPP. The embryos were either removed from the seeds or left in the seeds and placed in E-20A or E-21 medium for 30–35 days. Seedlings (well developed cotyledon) from all treatments were transferred to E-21 elongation medium, incubated 5 weeks, and transferred to soil to evaluate growth. The efficiency of this technique was greater as embryo age (DPP to rescue the embryo) was increased. Embryos 17–30 DPP had the greatest efficiency for embryo rescue, although embryos could be rescued as early as 4 DPP. The number of rescued embryos using an improved medium (E-21) was greater than E-20A basic medium. Survival efficiency rate was the same for WT and transgenic embryos. We have obtained a competent embryo-rescue technique for WT and transgenic ‘Galia’ male parental line with better efficiency rates than others previously reported. 相似文献
13.
Viability of frozen-thawed bovine IVM/IVF embryos in relation to aging using various cryoprotectants
Bovine IVF embryos developed on Days 7, 8 and 9 were equilibrated with 1.6 M propylene glycol (PG), 1.8 M ethylene glycol (EG), 1.1 M diethylene glycol (DEG) or 1.3 M ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EME) for 10 to 20 min in modified phosphate buffered saline. (mPBS) supplemented with 10% superovulated cow serum. The embryos were loaded into 0.25-ml plastic straws and were placed directly into a 0 degrees C alcohol bath chamber and held for 2 min. They were cooled from 0 degrees C to -5.5 degrees C at 1 degrees C/min and then seeded, followed by a 10-min holding period at -5.5 degrees C. The straws were then cooled to -30 degrees C at 0.3 degrees C/min before plunging into liquid nitrogen. Embryos were thawed and placed directly into the culture medium and washed 3 times. The survival rates of the Day-9 embryos based on reappearance of blastocoele, expansion, and hatching after 48 h of post-thaw culture were significantly lower (P<0.01) than those of the Day-7 and 8 embryos, in all of the cryoprotectants tested. On the other hand, while the reappearance of blastocoele and expansion of blastocysts after 48 h of post-thaw culture were not significantly different among each cryoprotectant, the percentage of hatching blastocysts were significantly different between DEG and EME (P<0.05), between DEG and EG (P<0.01) and between PG and EG (P<0.05). These findings demonstrate that the age of the embryo (Day 7 and 8) is very important for the successful freezing of IVF bovine embryos. Also, as to the hatching rates, EME and EG are superior as cryoprotectants than the other 2 cryoprotectants tested. 相似文献
14.
Onset of desiccation tolerance during development of the barley embryo 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
We have investigated events which take place in the developing barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) embryo during its acquisition of desiccation tolerance. Excised embryos are capable of precocious germination as early as 8 d after pollination (DAP). At this age, however, they are not capable of resisting a desiccation treatment which induces a loss of 96–98% of their initial water content. At 16 DAP the embryos germinate despite the drastic drying treatment. The pattern of in-vivo and in-vitro proteins synthesized by the developing embryos from 12 DAP (desiccation-intolerant) and 16 DAP (desiccation-tolerant) were compared. A set of 25–30 proteins was identified which is denovo synthesized or enhanced during the developmental period leading to desiccation tolerance. Abscisic acid (ABA; 100 M) applied in vitro for 5 d to 12-DAP embryos induces desiccation tolerance and represses a subset of polypeptides preferentially associated with 16-DAP embryos. During in vitro culture of barley embryos ABA stimulates the appearance of a set of proteins and prevents the precocious germination allowing embryogenesis to continue in vitro. It also suppresses a set of germination-related proteins which appear 4 h after the incubation of the dissected embryo on a germination medium without ABA. Almost all mRNAs remain functional for translation when isolated embryos are dried at the desiccation-intolerant and tolerant stages of embryo development.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- DAP
days after pollination
- GM
germination medium
- poly(A)RNA
polyadenylated RNA
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate 相似文献
15.
Encapsulated cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) somatic embryos subjected to 0.08–1.25 M sucrose treatments were analyzed for embryo soluble sugar content, non-freezable
water content, moisture level after desiccation and viability after desiccation and freezing. Results indicated that the higher
the sucrose concentration in the treatment medium, the greater was the extent of sucrose accumulation in the embryos. Sucrose
treatment greatly assisted embryo post-desiccation recovery since only 40% of the control embryos survived desiccation, whereas
a survival rate of 60–95% was recorded for embryos exposed to 0.5–1.25 M sucrose. The non-freezable water content of the embryos
was estimated at between 0.26 and 0.61 g H2O g−1dw depending on the sucrose treatment, and no obvious relationship could be found between the endogenous sucrose level and
the amount of non-freezable water in the embryos. Cocoa somatic embryos could withstand the loss of a fraction of their non-freezable
water without losing viability following desiccation. Nevertheless, the complete removal of potentially freezable water was
not sufficient for most embryos to survive freezing. 相似文献
16.
Jin Cui Jianjun Chen Richard J. Henny 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2009,45(1):34-43
Plant regeneration through direct somatic embryogenesis in Aeschynanthus radicans ‘Mona Lisa’ was achieved in this study. Globular somatic embryos were formed directly from cut edges of leaf explants and
cut ends or on the surface of stem explants 4 wk after culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with N-phenyl-N′-1, 2, 3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (TDZ) with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), TDZ with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D),
or 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) or kintin (KN) with 2,4-D. MS medium containing 9.08 μM TDZ and 2.68 μM 2,4-D resulted in 71%
of stem explants producing somatic embryos. In contrast, 40% of leaf explants produced somatic embryos when induced in medium
containing 6.81 μM TDZ and 2.68 μM 2,4-D. Somatic embryos matured, and some germinated into small plants on the initial induction
medium. Up to 64% of stem explants cultured on medium supplemented with 9.08 μM TDZ + 2.68 μM 2,4-D, 36% of leaf explants
cultured on medium containing 6.81 μM TDZ and 2.68 μM 2,4-D had somatic embryo germination before or after transferring onto
MS medium containing 8.88 μM BA and 1.07 μM NAA. Shoots elongated better and roots developed well on MS medium without growth
regulators. Approximately 30–50 plantlets were regenerated from each stem or leaf explant. The regenerated plants grew vigorously
after transplanting to a soil-less substrate in a shaded greenhouse with more than a 98% survival rate. Three months after
their establishment in the shaded greenhouse, 500 plants regenerated from stem explants were morphologically evaluated, from
which five types of variants that had large, orbicular, elliptic, small, and lanceolate leaves were identified. Flow cytometry
analysis of the variants along with the parent showed that they all had one identical peak, indicating that the variant lines,
like the parent, were diploid. The mean nuclear DNA contents of the variant lines and their parent ranged from 4.90 to 4.99 pg
2C−1, which were not significantly different statistically. The results suggest that the regenerated plants have a stable ploidy
level, and the regeneration method established in this study can be used for rapid propagation of ploidy-stable Aeschynanthus radicans. 相似文献
17.
Summary An in vitro protocol has been developed for callus indiction, somatic embryogenesis, and plant regeneration from stigma-style culture
of grapevine. Four different grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.: cvs. ‘Bombino Nero’, ‘Greco di Tufo’, ‘Merlot’, and ‘Sangiovese’) were tested. Exlants were cultured on Nitsch and Nitsch
medium (NN) supplemented with various combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA: 4.5 and 9.0 μM) and β-naphthoxyacetic acid (NOA; 5.0 and 9.9 μM). Sucrose (88 mM) was used as the carbon source. Somatic embryogenesis was induced within 3–7 mo. after culture initiation. Even though explants
of different origin (unfertilized ovules and anthers) regenerated somatic embryos, the higher embryogenic potential was observed
in stigma and style explants, with the exception of ‘Merlot’, which regenerated somatic embryos only from unfertilized ovules.
The percentages of stigma-style explants producing somatic embryos was 7% in ‘Bombino Nero’ (cultured on NN medium supplemented
9.0 μM BA and 9.9 μM NOA). 14% in ‘Greco di Tufo’ (4.5 μM BA and 9.9 μM NOA), and 8% in ‘Sangiovese’ (9.0 μM BA and 9.9 μM NOA). The presence of growth regulators (BA and NOA) in the medium was essential for induction of somatic embryogenesis.
Plants were regenerated on hormone-free NN medium containing 88 mM sucrose. 相似文献
18.
Summary The effects of abscisic acid (ABA) (0, 0.09 μM, 0.19 μM, 0.28 μM, and 0.38 μM) or ancymidol (0, 0.98 μM, 1.95 μM, 2.93 μM, 3.90 μM) in embryo germination medium on the conversion of primary embryos to plantlets and secondary embryogenesis were evaluated
for asparagus. ABA and ancymidol each significantly enhanced both responses. ABA was more effective than ancymidol in promoting
the conversion of primary embryos to plantlets, while the converse was true for the production of secondary embryos. The most
effective treatments for embryo conversion were 0.19 and 0.28 μM ABA; 75–77% bipolar and 55–57% globular embryos converted to plantlets. For secondary embryogenesis, the most effective treatments
were 1.95 and 2.93 μM ancymidol; 99–101 and 84–86 somatic embryos were produced from 10 globular and 10 bipolar embryos, respectively. Bipolar
embryos generally converted to plantlets better than globular embryos, but more secondary embryos were produced from globular
embryos than from bipolar embryos in all treatments. ABA and ancymidol also affected the morphology of the plantlets produced.
The plantlets from the embryos incubated on the medium with ancymidol had strong and thick shoots and roots, while those on
the medium with ABA had long, thin shoots and short thin roots. 相似文献
19.
Abscisic acid and osmotic induction of synchronous somatic embryo development of sweet potato 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Antonio C. Torres Nicolas Mfe'e Ze Daniel J. Cantliffe 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(2):262-267
Summary Somatic embryos of sweet potato have potential as synthetic seeds. The effects of abscisic acid (ABA) (0,0,0.1, 1.0, 10.0
and 50.0 μM) were examined to improve synchrony and proliferation of somatic embryos. Transferring embryos compared to those cultures
transferred at day 0. The development of embryos in suspension culture supplemented with ABA was poor. However, when calli
proliferation cultures were in gelled medium and pulsed with 0.1 μM ABA for 14 d, the number of somatic embryos increased. Proembryonic masses cultured in mannitol-containing medium (Y=−1.5
MPa) increased embryo development and synchrony of embryo development. Thus, in this work ABA and mannitol have been shown
to improve both the total number and the synchrony of sweet potato somatic embryos. 相似文献
20.
An efficient protocol was established for regeneration of Desmodium motorium via somatic embryogenesis. Embryogenic calli were induced from cotyledon segments (6 mm, 16 days old) lacking embryo axis,
excised from seedlings grown in vitro on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (2.9 μM)
in combination with 6-benzyladenine (BA) (4.44 and 8.88 μM). Differentiation of embryogenic calli into globular and heart-shaped
somatic embryos was achieved on transfer to hormone-free MS medium. When incubated for 4 days on MS medium supplemented with
BA (8.88 μM), 95% of the globular and heart-shaped somatic embryos matured into torpedo and cotyledonary stages with minimum
(10%) abnormalities. Modified MS basal medium without hormones and containing half-strength macronutrients and 0.88 M sucrose
was suitable for germination of mature somatic embryos. Regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to earthen pots
with survival rate of 50%. Secondary embryogenesis was observed when pre-existing somatic embryos at globular and heart-shaped
stages were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of BA, adenine sulphate (AdS) and abscisic acid
(ABA) individually. 相似文献