山西历螨一新种

作者等在晋南临汾地区进行恙虫病调查期间采获一批螨类标本 ,经研究发现其中一厉螨标本为一新种 ,兹记述如下 :山西历螨 Laelapsshanxiensis,新种鉴别特征 :本新种近似纳氏厉螨 ( Laelaps nuttalli) ,但新种 4的间距大于 1的间距 ,S8长为 S7长的 2 /3,胸板较长而后缘具深凹。种的记述 :雌螨　体呈椭圆形 ,长 72 3μm,宽 5 5 0μm,背板几盖住整个背部 (图 1a) ,长 6 96μm,宽5 2 8μm,板上具 39对针状背毛。S8长约为 M11之半。螯肢定趾上的钳齿毛端部膨大 ,末端尖 ,状似土尔克厉螨 ( L aelaps turkestanicus)的钳齿毛(图 1c)。胸板前缘…     

拟厉螨属一新种(蜱螨目:厉螨科)

拟厉螨属(Laelaspis Berlese,1903)系厉螨科中一个较小的属,有的学者(Evans andTill,1966)以往将它列为下盾螨属(Hypoaspis Canestrini)下一个亚属。最近我们在整理以往采集的标本中,发现该属的一个新种,记述于下。趾颖拟厉螨Laelaspis digitalis,新种 雌螨(图1—3) 体卵圆形,长约495微米,宽约315微米。 螯钳粗短;动趾长约35微米,具一齿;定趾具齿4枚,前3齿细小,最后一齿粗大;钳     

中国甲胄螨属一新种（蜱螨亚纲：尾足螨股）

记述甲胄螨属1新种：铁岭甲胄螨Oplitis tielingensis,sp．nov．,模式标本保存于辽宁省沈阳农业大学植物保护学院。 新种与于氏甲胄螨Oplitis yuxini Ma,2001相近,但新种雌螨围殖板前缘有齿缺7个,腹毛5对;而后者雌螨围殖板前缘有齿缺5个,腹毛3对。 正模：♂,辽宁省铁岭市龙首山土壤,2006-Ⅷ,陈万鹏采;副模：1♂,同正模。 新种以采集地铁岭市命名。     

血厉螨属的三个新种(蜱螨目:厉螨科)

在整理从贵州省鼠类体表采得的寄生革螨中,发现其中有三个新种,记述于后。文中所用测量单位均为微米。模式标本存放在贵阳医学院寄生虫学教研组。1.短尾鼩血厉螨Haemolaelaps anourosorecis,新种 雌螨(图1—3)体呈椭圆形,长551(549—559),宽398(383—435)。 螯肢发达,动趾具2齿,定趾的小齿不明显。钳齿毛很大,约与定趾大小相近,长达     

中国派伦螨属一新种(蜱螨亚纲,中气门亚目,派伦螨科)

记述派伦螨属一新种:鞍山派伦螨Parholaspulusanshanensis sp. nov.,模式标本保存于辽宁省沈阳农业大学植物保护学院.新种与Parholaspulus bregetovae Alexandrov,1965相近,但新种雌螨螯肢动趾7齿,而后者动趾具齿10个以上;新种第3对肛前毛位于同侧第1、2对肛前毛着生点连线内侧,后者3对腹肛毛几乎在同一纵线上;新种头盖中突和侧突均有分叉,而后者不分叉;雄螨头盖形状两者也不同.正模♀,副模2♀♀,4♂♂,辽宁省鞍山市千山风景区土壤,副模14♀♀,17♂♂,辽宁省凤城市凤凰山土壤,2002-09,石承民和顾丽嫱采.     

湖北西部革螨三新种(蜱螨亚纲,中气门亚目)

记述采自湖北西部厚厉螨属Pachylaelaps Berlese,1888 1新种,巴东厚厉螨P．badongensis sp．nov．,赫刺螨属Hirstionyssus Fonseca,1948 1新种,差毛赫刺螨H．anisochaetus sp．nov．和下盾螨属Hypoaspis Canestrini．1884 1新种,五峰下盾螨H．wufengensis sp．nov．,文中描述了新种的形态,并附有详细形态特征图。模式标本存放军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所医学昆虫标本馆。     

坚体螨属在我国首次发现：（蜱螨亚纲：犹伊螨科）

坚体螨属Iphidosoma Berlese 于1892年根据I. fimetarium (Muller, 1859)的后若虫而建立,属中仅1种发现雌螨,其余均只找到后若虫。其主要特征是:躯体骨化强;胸板宽大,具清晰网纹;螯钳定趾具透明膜状突起,其顶端尖;有些种类在颚基、足基节上,有时在胸板上具棘状刚毛,此种刚毛的末端圆钝或尖突。     

革螨一新属新种及一新科的建立(蜱螨亚纲:革螨股)

在云南陇川县的蜣螂体上采得一种革螨系未曾描述过的新种,并为之建立新科与新属,用其颚角呈球形膨大及躯体角化较深的特征命名。球革螨科新科Bulbogamasidae fam.nov.的主要特征:叉毛三叉,其侧具一拇指状薄膜;颚角呈球形膨大,角化弱;头盖前缘光滑;雄螨足11具强大的距状表皮突。球革螨属新属Bulbogamasus gen.nov.的主要特征:背板整块;背毛26对,板周围的长大,中部的细小;胸叉叉丝末端具刺状突,小分支端部有的分叉;雌螨具腹肛板与肛前毛;雄螨导精趾粗长,超过螯钳长的2倍以上。模式种为中华球革螨新种Bulbogamasus sinicus sp.nov.     

厉螨科－新属及二新种（蜱螨亚纲：革螨股）

本文记述厉螨科一新属,邓厉螨属Ｔｅｎｇｉｌａｅｌａｐｓｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ,其主要特征;角化较强,体毛壮,背毛２９对;颚角粗钝,具纵裂;头盖尖角形;胸板六角形,各角均尖突;殖腹板毛１对;各足股、膝节上均具长毛、模式种为天牛邓厉螨,新种Ｔｅｎｇｉｌａｅｌａｐｓｃｅｒａｍｂｙｃｉｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。另一新种为副单阳厉螨ＡｎｄｒｏｌａｅｌａｐｓＰａｒａｓｉｎｇｕｌａｒｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。模式标本均采自云南省的甲虫体上。     

云南省厉螨科一新属新种（蜱螨亚纲：革螨股）

在云南陇川县的蟋蟀Gryllus sp.体上采得一种革螨,系厉螨科Ltelapidae Berlese中未曾描述过的种类,并为之建立新属,订名为滇厉螨属Dianolaelaps gen.nov.,属模标本为蟋蟀滇厉螨Dianolaelaps gryllus sp.nov.。新属的主要鉴别特征是:雌螨螯钳动趾端部分三叉;颚角内侧有沟漕并具齿突;口下片末端,在颚角与下咽间有长圆形结构,其内缘并具透明的尖齿列;涎针有膜状结构包绕;足Ⅰ—Ⅲ基节各具一棘,各基节远端侧具细小毛列。     

The simple-septate basidiomycetes: a synopsis

The simple-septate basidiomycetes comprise more than 8,000 species that show a high morphological and ecological heterogeneity. To gain insight in the phylogenetic relationships within this group, we compared several ultrastructural features such as septal pore apparatus, form, and behavior of the spindle pole bodies, types of host–parasite interaction, presence or absence of colacosomes, symplechosomes, atractosomes, and cystosomes as well as nuclear rDNA sequences coding for small- and large-subunit rRNA. Based on our integrated analysis, we propose a new classification system for the simple-septate basidiomycetes with the subphylum Pucciniomycotina and the classes Agaricostilbomycetes, Atractiellomycetes, Classiculomycetes, Cryptomycocolacomycetes, Cystobasidiomycetes, Microbotryomycetes, Mixiomycetes, and Pucciniomycetes. We also propose the pucciniomycotinous taxa Cystobasidiales, Erythrobasidiales, Helicobasidiales, Mixiales, Naohideales, Pachnocybales, Spiculogloeales, and Kondoaceae and the new subphyla Agaricomycotina (equivalent to the current Hymenomycetes) and Ustilaginomycotina (equivalent to the current Ustilaginomycetes).     

Unusual metals as carcinogens

A review of the literature on unusual metals as carcinogens was carried out. The metals covered are some of the rare earths, copper, silver, gold, mercury, germanium, tin, antimony, lead, platinum, palladium, aluminum, titanium, niobium, manganese, scandium, yttrium, indium, rhodium, and gallium.     

Neutrino intergalactic communication,metal life,and viruses: Part 1 quo vadis ex machina

At one spectrum extreme, Astrobiology conjectures that for exoplanets with Goldilocks conditions, terrestrial-like life is inevitable. Moreover, it is envisaged that via panspermia, terrestrial-like life and its precursors are transferred among galaxies, stars, and within solar systems via transiting comets, asteroids, and planetoids. In addition, expelled stars, which have solar systems, it is inferred, transfer life as well. However, at the other extreme, we propose a paradigm shift that on some planets, subject to non- Goldilocks conditions, metal machine life could arise, ab initio, and evolve viruses, intelligence, and civilizations, conjointly. Accordingly, intelligent mechanized civilizations could readily and efficiently commence space exploration. Furthermore, as a counter paradigm shift, such civilizations could experiment and produce non-metallic life, based on carbon and other non-metal elements, under suitable conditions, related to Goldilocks life. Even a single example of validated interstellar or intergalactic communication received on the Earth would support the existence of life elsewhere. However, the communication platform should not be restricted to electromagnetic radiation. Other platforms should be included as well - one such example, which would require sophisticated technology, is neutrino communication. This is the case for any advanced civilization, be it metal-machine based, biological-based, and carbon-based. In sum, civilizations based on machine life, would be highly productive due to the longevity and hardiness of machine life. However, significant caveats are raised in this brief report, because possibly dissimilar psychologies and intelligence may lead to conflicts between metal machine life and biological life, inter-paradigm conflict.     

Molecular phylogeny of the gobioid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Gobioidei)

The phylogeny of groups within Gobioidei is examined with molecular sequence data. Gobioidei is a speciose, morphologically diverse group of teleost fishes, most of which are small, benthic, and marine. Efforts to hypothesize relationships among the gobioid groups have been hampered by the prevalence of reductive evolution among goby species; such reduction can make identification of informative morphological characters particularly difficult. Gobies have been variously grouped into two to nine families, several with included subfamilies, but most existing taxonomies are not phylogenetic and few cladistic hypotheses of relationships among goby groups have been advanced. In this study, representatives of eight of the nine gobioid familes (Eleotridae, Odontobutidae, Xenisthmidae, Gobiidae, Kraemeriidae, Schindleriidae, Microdesmidae, and Ptereleotridae), selected to sample broadly from the range of goby diversity, were examined. Complete sequence from the mitochondrial ND1, ND2, and COI genes (3573 bp) was used in a cladistic parsimony analysis to hypothesize relationships among the gobioid groups. A single most parsimonious topology was obtained, with decay indices indicating strong support for most nodes. Major phylogenetic conclusions include that Xenisthmidae is part of Eleotridae, and Eleotridae is paraphyletic with respect to a clade composed of Gobiidae, Microdesmidae, Ptereleotridae, Kraemeriidae, and Schindleriidae. Within this five-family clade, two clades are recovered. One includes Gobionellinae, which is paraphyletic with respect to Kraemeriidae, Sicydiinae, Oxudercinae, and Amblyopinae. The other contains Gobiinae, also paraphyletic, and including Microdesmidae, Ptereleotridae, and Schindleriidae. Previous morphological evidence for goby groupings is discussed; the phylogenetic hypothesis indicates that the morphological reduction observed in many goby species has been derived several times independently.     

Nicotinic Agonists, Antagonists, and Modulators From Natural Sources

1. Acetylcholine receptors were initially defined as nicotinic or muscarinic, based on selective activation by two natural products, nicotine and muscarine. Several further nicotinic agonists have been discovered from natural sources, including cytisine, anatoxin, ferruginine, anabaseine, epibatidine, and epiquinamide. These have provided lead structures for the design of a wide range of synthetic agents.2. Natural sources have also provided competitive nicotinic antagonists, such as the Erythrina alkaloids, the tubocurarines, and methyllycaconitine. Noncompetitive antagonists, such as the histrionicotoxins, various izidines, decahydroquinolines, spiropyrrolizidine oximes, pseudophrynamines, ibogaine, strychnine, cocaine, and sparteine have come from natural sources. Finally, galanthamine, codeine, and ivermectin represent positive modulators of nicotinic function, derived from natural sources.3. Clearly, research on acetylcholine receptors and functions has been dependent on key natural products and the synthetic agents that they inspired.     

Systematics and phylogeny of the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids (Mollusca, Nudibranchia), with descriptions of a new genus and four new species from Indo-Pacific deep waters

The phylogenetic relationships of the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids are studied, based on the examination of the type species of all the genera previously described. The phylogenetic hypothesis supports that the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids are a monophyletic group and the sister group of the clade formed by Astemnotus Ehrenberg, 1831 and Halgerda Bergh, 1880. Several genera previously considered as valid or regarded as uncertain are here synonymized: Peronodoris Bergh, 1904, Trippa Bergh, 1877, Phlegmodoris Bergh, 1878, Petelodoris Bergh, 1881, Kentrodoris Bergh, 1876, Audura Bergh, 1878, Centrodoris P. Fischer, 1883, Anisodoris Bergh, 1898, Awuka Er. Marcus, 1955, Rhabdochiia P. Fischer, 1883, Boreodoris Odhner, 1939, Dictyodoris Bergh, 1880, Gravieria Vayssiere, 1912, Aporodoris Ihering, 1886. The following genera are regarded as valid: Astemnotus, Atagema J.E. Gray, 1850, Jorunna Bergh, 1876, Platydoris Bergh, 1877, Diaulula Bergh, 1878, Rostanga Bergh, 1879, Halgerda Bergh, 1880, Baptodoris Bergh, 1884, Gargamella Bergh, 1894, Alloiodoris Bergh, 1904, Sclerodoris Eliot, 1904, Taringa Er. Marcus, 1955, Thorybopus Bouchet, 1977. The new genus Nophodoris is described based on two new species from New Caledonia deep waters. Two additional new species from New Caledonia belonging to the genera Atagema and Gargamella are also described. Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems are discussed, and several type species, neotypes and lectotypes are selected.     

Oxypred： Prediction and Classification of Oxygen-Binding Proteins

This study describes a method for predicting and classifying oxygen-binding pro- teins. Firstly, support vector machine (SVM) modules were developed using amino acid composition and dipeptide composition for predicting oxygen-binding pro- teins, and achieved maximum accuracy of 85.5% and 87.8%, respectively. Sec- ondly, an SVM module was developed based on amino acid composition, classify- ing the predicted oxygen-binding proteins into six classes with accuracy of 95.8%, 97.5%, 97.5%, 96.9%, 99.4%, and 96.0% for erythrocruorin, hemerythrin, hemo- cyanin, hemoglobin, leghemoglobin, and myoglobin proteins, respectively. Finally, an SVM module was developed using dipeptide composition for classifying the oxygen-binding proteins, and achieved maximum accuracy of 96.1%, 98.7%, 98.7%, 85.6%, 99.6%, and 93.3% for the above six classes, respectively. All modules were trained and tested by five-fold cross validation. Based on the above approach, a web server Oxypred was developed for predicting and classifying oxygen-binding proteins(available from http://www.imtech.res.in/raghava/oxypred/).     

Foliar nutrient levels of broad-leaved tropical trees: A tabular review

Foliar nutrient levels (N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, B), of about 40 tropical and subtropical broad-leaved trees, are listed and classified as deficient, low, intermediate, high, and toxic in each case according to the interpretation and evaluation of the reviewed author(s).     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.