Three new species, Lamellodiscus tubulicornis n. sp., L. magnicornis n. sp. and L. parvicornis n. sp. (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) from Gymnocranius spp. (Lethrinidae: Monotaxinae) off New Caledonia, with the proposal of the new morphological group ‘tubulicornis’ within Lamellodiscus Johnston & Tiegs, 1922

Three new species of Lamellodiscus are described from four (including two undescribed) species of Gymnocranius off New Caledonia, South Pacific. All three species have a similar body anatomy and morphology of the haptoral hard parts and are distinguished on the basis of the male copulatory organ (MCO). Lamellodiscus tubulicornis n. sp. (type-host: G. grandoculis; other host: Gymnocranius sp. B) has an MCO with a tube and horn; L. magnicornis n. sp. (type-host: G. grandoculis; other hosts: G. euanus, Gymnocranius sp. A and Gymnocranius sp. B) has an MCO with a long horn and a membrane; L. parvicornis n. sp. (type-host: G. euanus; other hosts: G. grandoculis and Gymnocranius sp. B) has an MCO with a small horn and a membrane. Lamellodiscus epsilon Yamaguti, 1968 is redescribed based on the type-specimens (from Monotaxis grandoculis off Hawaii). Lamellodiscus sp. is recorded from Gnathodentex aureolineatus off New Caledonia. All these five species have lamellodiscs that exhibit a unique characteristic: the second lamella forms an almost closed circle, in contrast to all other described species of Lamellodiscus in which the second lamella has the form of one or two crescents. Lamellodiscus spp. are usually classified in two groups, the ‘ignoratus’ and ‘elegans’ groups, according to the structure of the lamellodisc; we propose a new ‘tubulicornis’ group for these five species. In addition to their lamellodisc structure, species of the tubulicornis group are also characterised by their egg (elongate in contrast to tetrahedral in the two other groups) and their hosts (monotaxine lethrinids as opposed to mainly sparids). The generic diagnosis of Lamellodiscus given by Amine & Euzet (2005) is amended to include species with elongate eggs.     

Acanthocephalus?amini n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from the freshwater fish Cichlasoma?urophthalmus (Günther) (Cichlidae) in Mexico

Acanthocephalus amini n. sp. (Palaeacanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) is described from the intestine of Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther) (Pisces: Cichlidae) collected in the Río Champotón, a river in Campeche State, Mexico. It is the fourth species of Acanthocephalus Koelreuther, 1771 described from North American freshwater fishes, although two other species are known from South America. The new species is distinguished from other members of Acanthocephalus by features of its trunk, which is small, clavate, slightly expanded medially and bluntly pointed posteriorly. It is further distinguished by having a cylindrical proboscis armed with 13–14 longitudinal rows of 11–12 stout hooks; the apical and medial proboscis hooks are almost uniform in size and shape, decreasing in size towards the base; the posteriormost hooks are smaller, straighter and more slender than the anterior and middle hooks; and the lateral rows of hooks are more widely spaced, forming a conspicuous longitudinal area devoid of hooks. Furthermore, the lemnisci are saccate and shorter than the proboscis receptacle; and the neck is very short with a thick collar of trunk tegument, which encircles the base of proboscis. In males, the testes are in the middle third of trunk, diagonal, spherical and small relative to the body size, and there are six clavate cement glands. In females, the uterus forms a conspicuous, elongate, cylindrical egg reservoir. The new species is most similar to A. alabamensis Amin & Williams, 1983, but can be distinguished by its swollen, clavate trunk, the largest proboscis hooks being present apically and medially, smaller testes, a shorter male reproductive system relative to body size and females with a prominent uterus. They have different hosts and geographical distribution. The new species can be differentiated from Brasacanthus sphoeroides Thatcher, 2001, a similar species in a monotypic echinorhynchid genus, because the latter is larger, has smaller proboscis hooks and its lemnisci are longer than the receptacle.     

Paraorygmatobothrium?taylori n. sp. (Tetraphyllidea: Phyllobothriidae) from the Australian weasel shark Hemigaleus?australiensis White, Last & Compagno (Carcharhiniformes: Hemigaleidae)

Paraorygmatobothrium taylori n. sp. (Tetraphyllidea: Phyllobothriidae) is described from the Australian weasel shark Hemigaleus australiensis White, Last & Compagno in Moreton Bay, off Queensland, Australia. The new species differs from 10 of the 11 described species of Paraorygmatobothrium Ruhnke, 1994 by the possession of prominent, semicircular bothridial muscle bands. From P. barberi Ruhnke, 1994, with which it shares the bothridial muscle bands, it differs in the possession of a cephalic peduncle and vitelline follicles that extend almost to the mid-line of the proglottis and are reduced, rather than completely interrupted, at the level of the ovary. P. janineae Ruhnke, Healy & Shapero, 2006 is recorded from its type–host but in a new locality, Moreton Bay, off Queensland, Australia. P. taylori is the third species of the genus recorded from the Hemigaleidae in Australian waters. Three of the eight known hemigaleid species are now recorded to harbour this genus, and three different species are now known from the two hemigaleids found in Australian waters.     

Comparative study (AFLP and morphology) of three species of Prosopis of the Section Algarobia: P. juliflora, P. pallida, and P. limensis. Evidence for resolution of the “P. pallida–P. juliflora complex”

The problems of delimitation of species of Prosopis originate from the few morphological discontinuities which exist among some of them; some, however, originated as a result of wide distribution of germplasm without proper knowledge of the species, in particular, much material catalogued as P. juliflora, but being of other species, was distributed for reforestation projects worldwide. This work tests the morphological results obtained for P. pallida and P. limensis of the Peruvian–Ecuadorian coast and for P. juliflora of the Caribbean Basin of Colombia and Venezuela utilizing a study of AFLPs and a study of the morphology of plantlets developed in a conventional garden study. The phenogram obtained for the AFLPs demonstrates each of the three species to be a well differentiated cluster and the molecular variance between them is significantly greater than the variance within each species. Study of the plantlets also indicates statistically significant differences for four morphological characters between P. juliflora and the other two species (P. pallida and P. limensis). These results, in addition to the morphological differentiation evident between adult plants of P. pallida and P. limensis and the clear separation of these two species from P. juliflora, corroborate the genetic identity of the three taxa analyzed.     

A new tetraphyllidean genus and species, Caulopaterapagei n. g., n. sp. (Tetraphyllidea: Phyllobothriidae), from the grey carpetshark Chiloscyllium punctatum Müller & Henle (Orectolobiformes: Hemiscylliidae)

A new genus and species of tetraphyllidean cestode, Caulopatera pagei n. g., n. sp., is described from the grey carpetshark Chiloscyllium punctatum Müller & Henle in Moreton Bay, Australia. The new genus is placed in the Phyllobothriidae, subfamily Phyllobothriinae. Caulopatera n. g. is distinct from all other phyllobothriine genera in having stalked, circular, non-loculate bothridia that lack an apical sucker, testes that are restricted to the region anterior to the cirrus-sac and circum-medullary vitelline follicles. The new genus most closely resembles Carpobothrium Shipley & Hornell, 1906, with which it shares non-loculate, stalked, unhooked bothridia without an accessory sucker and testes that are entirely anterior to the cirrus-sac, but differs from it in that it lacks a slit-like opening in each bothridium and flaps surrounding the opening. The possession of bothridial stalks is consistent with two cestode orders, the Tetraphyllidea and the Rhinebothriidea. The morphology of the bothridial stalks is consistent with other tetraphyllidean genera, in that Caulopatera possesses triangular bothridial stalks surrounding the back of the bothridia, indicating that it belongs in the Tetraphyllidea senso stricto, rather than in the recently recognised Rhinebothriidea.     

Materials towards the revision of the genus Triplophysa rendahl, 1933 (Cobitoidea: Balitoridae: Nemacheilinae): A revision of nominal taxa of Herzenstein (1888) described within the species “Nemachilus” stoliczkae and “N.” dorsonotatus, with the description of the new species T. scapanognatha sp. nova

This study reviews the nominal taxa within the species “Nemachilus” stoliczkae and “N.” dorsonotatus, described by Herzenstein (1888). N. dorsonotatus, N. d. retropinnis, and N. plagiognathus are reviewed within the species Triplophysa stoliczkae; it is suggested that this species is represented by at least 5 subspecies. N. stoliczkae brevicauda, N. s. leptosoma (synonym, N. s. productus), and N. s. crassicauda are considered as valid species, the last 2 are related to the group including the species T. tenuis, T. choprai, T. tenuicauda, and T. yasinensis rather than with T. stoliczkae. It was shown that the “stoliczkae” species group (sensu Prokofiev, 2001) should be divided into three species groups: “stoliczkae” (s. str.), “tenuis,” and “robusta”; their diagnoses and the species composition are presented. A new species from the “stoliczkae” group is described (T. scapanognatha sp. nova), related to T. tanggulaensis (Zhu, 1982). Original Russian Text ? A.M. Prokofiev, 2007, published in Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 2007, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 5–25.     

Bakkeius moragai n. gen. et n. sp. and Pojmanskia riosae n. gen. et n. sp. (Trematoda: Digenea: Brachylaimoidea) in birds from the Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica

We describe 2 new species of leucochloridiid-like brachylaimoid digeneans parasitizing a variety of birds in the Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, each of which we assign to a new genus. According to Pojmanska's (Pojmanska, T. 2002a. Superfamily Brachylaimoidea Joyeux & Foley, 1930. In Keys to the Trematoda, D. I. Gibson, A. Jones, and R. A. Bray [eds.]. CAB International and The Natural History Museum, London, U.K., p. 31-36.) key for the Brachylaimoidea, we are unable to place either species in any family. One species most closely resembles members of Leucochloridium by having well-developed suckers, lacking an esophagus, and having cecal shoulders, gonads at the posterior end, and the genital pore at posterior end of body but differs by having symmetrical testes, a posttesticular ovary, and a terminal genital pore; thus, we propose the genus Bakkeius for it. The second new genus resembles members of Michajlovia by having ventral genital pores but differs by having extracecal uterine loops in the forebody, a cirrus sac containing the pars prostatica and seminal vesicle, and gland cells surrounding the genital pore; thus, we propose Pojmanskia for it. These new genera must currently be treated as incertae sedis according to Pojmanska (op. cit.); however, we feel that future phylogenetic analyses will require emendation of the family diagnosis for Leucochloridiidae to include those taxa with terminal and ventral genital pores and with preovarian testes.     

Prevalence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Campylobacter sp. in the intestinal flora of farm-reared, restocked and wild red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa): is restocking using farm-reared birds a risk?

For hunting purposes, several millions of red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) are released each year in Spain, and these releases have the potential to introduce new parasites and disease into wild populations. We studied the prevalence of Escherichia coli, Campylobacter sp. and Salmonella sp. in the intestinal flora of red-legged partridges from three different husbandry groups: farm-reared, restocked and natural populations. Prevalence of E. coli was significantly higher in farm-reared (45%, p = 0.01) and restocked partridges (60%, p < 0.001) than in wild ones (6%, p > 0.05). The prevalence of Campylobacter sp. (23%, 100 out of 444) did not differ significantly between these three husbandry groups, and Salmonella sp. was only detected in a group of partridge chicks on one of the farms studied (0.9%, 5 out of 544). These results suggest that farm-reared and restocked partridges can act as carriers of these three enteropathogens and highlight a potential risk of transmission to natural populations via the releases of farm-reared partridges. However, future investigations are needed regarding the relation of the isolated bacteria with zoonotic strains and dissemination of antibiotic resistant microorganisms, especially E. coli, and to better evaluate the effect that these three enteropathogens have on partridge health and on the success of restocking with farm-reared birds.     

On Artigasia horridospina n.sp., Longior semialata n.sp., Mentecle magnifica n.sp., Paraxyo ensicrinatus n.sp. (Oxyurida: Hystrignathidae) and Pulchrocephala? pulchrocephala Travassos, 1925 (Oxyurida: Pulchrocephalidae)

Summary Four new species of hystrignathid nematodes are described from the midgut caeca of Passalus unicornus (Coleoptera: Passalidae) from St. Lucia, West Indies. Artigasia horridospina n.sp. is differentiated from A. dispar van Waerebeke, 1973 by virtue of fewer rows of spines in the oesophageal region and in possessing lateral alae, and from A. insignia Travassos & Kloss, 1958 in the extent of the oesophageal spiens and in having the lateral alae commence more anteriorly. The first annule is also much shallower than that of A. insignia. Longior semialata n.sp. is differentiated from L. longicollis Travassos & Kloss, 1958 on body length, b ratio, egg size and the starting point of the lateral alae. Mentecle magnifica n.sp. differs from M. parvus Travassos & Kloss, 1958 in having the spines of the oesophageal region extending much further down the body and in having ridged eggs. It is also longer and relatively thinner. Paraxyo ensicrinatus n.sp. differs from P. monodelpho Travassos & Kloss, 1958 in having a proportionately longer tail. The spines in the oesophageal region also extend considerably further posteriorly than in P. monodelpho.Two types of male associated with the above nematodes are described and illustrated, but not assigned to females. Pulchrocephala? pulchrocephala Travassos, 1925 is redescribed from the gut of the mole-cricket Scapteriscus vicinus.Scanning electron micrographs of four of the described species are given and briefly discussed. ac]19801024     

产氢菌Enterobacter sp.和Clostridium sp.的分离鉴定及产氢特性

在高温水体中分离得到2株具有较高产氢活性的微生物菌株Z-16和C-32。根据两菌株的16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定菌株Z-16为Enterobacter sp.,菌株C-32为Clostridium sp.。研究了起始pH值、反应温度、碳源等对菌株放氢活性的影响。菌株Z-16的最适产氢条件为：反应系统起始pH7.0,反应温度35℃,以蔗糖为产氢底物。在最适条件下,菌株Z-16的氢转化率为2.68mol H₂/mol蔗糖。菌株C-32的最适产氢条件为：反应系统起始pH 8.0,反应温度35℃,以麦芽糖为产氢底物。在最适条件下,菌株C-32的氢转化率为2.71mol H₂/mol 麦芽糖。以葡萄糖为碳源时,菌株Z-16和菌株C-32的氢转化率分别为2.35和2.48mol H₂/mol葡萄糖。     

产氢菌Enterobacter sp.和Clostridium sp.的分离鉴定及产氢特性

在高温水体中分离得到2株具有较高产氢活性的微生物菌株Z-16和C-32。根据两菌株的16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定菌株Z-16为Enterobacter sp.,菌株C-32为Clostridium sp.。研究了起始pH值、反应温度、碳源等对菌株放氢活性的影响。菌株Z-16的最适产氢条件为：反应系统起始pH7.0,反应温度35℃,以蔗糖为产氢底物。在最适条件下,菌株Z-16的氢转化率为2.68mol H₂/mol蔗糖。菌株C-32的最适产氢条件为：反应系统起始pH 8.0,反应温度35℃,以麦芽糖为产氢底物。在最适条件下,菌株C-32的氢转化率为2.71mol H₂/mol 麦芽糖。以葡萄糖为碳源时,菌株Z-16和菌株C-32的氢转化率分别为2.35和2.48mol H₂/mol葡萄糖。     

Comparative cytogenetic analysis of the “Sylvaemus” group of Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae): A. sylvaticus from Sicily and A. flavicollis from the central Apennines

Chromosome mapping of three common markers, ie major and 5S rRNA genes (rDNA) and telomeric repeats, and conventional chromosome bandings were applied to two sibling species, Apodemus sylvaticus Linnaeus, 1758 and A. flavicollis Melchior, 1834, to further investigate intra- and interspecific karyological differentiation in the genus Apodemus. A slight variation of the rDNA-patterns was detected between the two Apodemus species. In both of them, the major NORs were located on autosome pairs 8, 11, 12 and 22, while the two other rDNA sites detected on chromosomes 7 and 21 were variable in, respectively, A. sylvaticus and A. flavicollis. Several tiny rDNA sites were present on the sex chromosomes in both species, but their incidence was lower in A. flavicollis. Single 5S rDNA chromosomal sites were conserved on chromosome pair 20. No interstitial sites of telomeric repeats were present in either species. In the Sicilian population of A. sylvaticus, the constitutive heterochromatin pattern corresponded to the “sylvaticus-E1” cytotype, while A. flavicollis had a species-specific pattern restricted to centromeres of all chromosomes. The results are discussed in relation to cytogenetic data available for the genus, with emphasis on the Sylvaemus group/subgenus.     

Description of the oöcysts of Eimeria beccari n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Varanus prasinus beccari (Reptilia: Varanidae)

Eimeria beccari n. sp. is described from the faecal contents of Varanus prasinus beccari (Reptilia: Varanidae), originally from the Aru Islands northwest of New Guinea. Oöcysts are cylindroid, 33.7 × 19.1 (29–36 × 18–21) µm, often with one end narrowing; shape index (length/width) 1.76 (1.6–1.9). A micropyle and oöcyst residuum are absent but a polar granule is present in most oöcysts. Sporocysts are ellipsoid, 12.0 × 7.7 (11–13.5 × 7–8) µm; shape index 1.56 (1.5–1.7). Stieda and substieda bodies are absent. Sporozoites are elongate, 10.4 × 2.8 (9–12 × 2.5–3) µm, and contain a posterior refractile body.     

Apodopsyllus gabesensis n. sp.: a new species of Paramesochridae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from the Gulf of Gabès (south-eastern Tunisia)

Several specimens belonging to a new species of Apodopsyllus were collected during a study on the diversity of meiobenthic communities in the Gulf of Gabès, a Mediterranean shallow-water bay at the south-eastern coast of Tunisia in July 2005. The new species Apodopsyllus gabesensis n. sp. shares the characteristics of the genus such as the lack of endopods from P2 to P4 and the soft and slightly cuticularized body. Apodopsyllus gabesensis n. sp. belongs to the few known species of Apodopsyllus that are described to have comparably distinct patterns of dorsal and lateral cuticular plates and pores. Besides a typical combination of characters that clearly distinguishes the new species from its congeners, the new species shows the following unique single characters: female P5 with a hitherto unknown combination of shape of the exopodal part and shape and setation of the baseoendopodal lobe with two small stout spines; male P6 with a particular shape, and a distinct armature of the exopodal spines in P2–P4 in the male that are pinnate with very short spinules contrary to the female where spines are smooth. The genus Apodopsyllus contains 26 species with the inclusion of the new species.     

Description of the oöcysts of Eimeria arnyi n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the eastern ringneck snake Diadophis punctatus arnyi (Serpentes: Colubridae)

Coccidian oöcysts recovered from the faeces of eastern ringneck snakes, Diadophis punctatus arnyi, from Kansas, USA were found to represent a previously unreported eimerian. Oöcysts of Eimeria arnyi n. sp. are subspherical, 16.9×15.1 (15–18.5×13.5–16) m, with a thin, single-layered wall and a shape-index (length/width) of 1.1 (1.1–1.3). A micropyle and öocyst residuum are absent but a large polar granule is present. The sporocysts are elongate, 13.2×6.9 (12–14.5×6.5–7) m, with Stieda and substieda bodies and a shape-index of 1.9 (1.7–2.3). Each sporozoite contains one to two anterior and a single posterior refractile bodies. Sporulation was exogenous and complete within four days at 23°C.     

Two New Species of Pristionchus (Rhabditida: Diplogastridae): P. fissidentatus n. sp. from Nepal and La Réunion Island and P. elegans n. sp. from Japan

Pristionchus fissidentatus n. sp., isolated from soil in Nepal, and P. elegans n. sp., isolated from Phelotrupes auratus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Japan, are described. The two new species are recognized as basal within the genus and thus occupy an important position for macroevolutionary studies that center on the model P. pacificus. Pristionchus fissidentatus n. sp. is distinguished by its unique stegostomatal morphology: in the stenostomatous form, the right subventral ridge has three prominent cusps and the left subventral sector has, in addition to a plate with two cusps, a prominent denticle slightly left of ventral; in the eurystomatous form, the right subventral stegostomatal sector shows both a tooth and a ridge with several cusps. Diagnostic of P. elegans n. sp. is the structure of the stenostomatous cheilostom, which bulges medially and is underlain by a large vacuolated ring. No eurystomatous form has been observed in P. elegans n. sp. Reproductive modes of P. fissidentatus n. sp. and P. elegans n. sp. are hermaphroditic and gonochoristic, respectively. The additional isolation of P. fissidentatus n. sp. from soil and two species of scarab beetle on La Réunion Island in the Indian Ocean suggests a broad geographic range for this species.     

Description of the oöcysts of Eimeria whitakeri n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from least shrews,Cryptotis parva (Insectivora: Soricidae)

Oöcysts of Eimeria whitakeri n. sp. are described from the faeces of the least shrew, Cryptotis parva (Insectivora: Soricidae), from Texas, USA. The oöcysts are spherical to subspherical, 17.4 × 16.4 (15–19 × 13–18.5) μm, with a bi-layered wall; their shape-index (length/width) is 1.1 (1.0–1.2). A micropyle and oöcyst residuum are absent, but a large polar granule is present. The sporocysts are ovoidal, 11.2 × 7.5 (9.5–12 × 6.5–8) μm, with Stieda and substieda bodies; their shape-index is 1.5 (1.4–1.6). The sporozoites each possess both anterior and posterior refractile bodies.     

Sagittopteris belemnopteroides gen.et sp.nov.在山西的发现

山西晚古生代植物自赫勒(Halle,1927)研究以来向为世人瞩目。解放后,李星学(1963)又对华北广大地区月门沟群的化石进行了详细研究,补充了前人的不足。近年来,山西省区域地质调查队在1/20万区域地质调查和一系列的专题研究中,采集了大量化石标本。笔者在鉴定中发现不少有意义的分子,本文报道的即系其中之一。化石为作者之一肖素珍于1976年在晋东南参加剖面测制时采集的。本种在山西其他地区亦有出现。如太原西山、沁水杏峪、柳林、沁     

Deux prédateurs deTetranychidae en nouvelle-guinee:Stethorus exspectatus n.sp. etStethorus exsultabilis n.sp. [Col.: Coccinellidae]

Résumé Stethorus exspectatus n.sp. etS. exsultabilis n.sp. sont décrits de Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinée. Leurs proies connues sont citées, et quelques informations nouvelles sur la répartition du genreStethorus dans le Pacifique sont données.

---

Summary Stethorus exspectatus n.sp. andS. exsultabilis n.sp. are described from Papua New Guinea, with records of their prey and new data on the distribution ofStethorus in the Pacific area.