农肥和化肥施用对大豆根瘤菌多样性的影响

基于6年的黑土培肥定位试验,从大豆根瘤中提取根瘤菌DNA,采用PCR-DGGE与克隆测序技术相结合的方法,分析了施用农肥和化肥对根瘤菌多样性的影响。DGGE图谱分析表明:对照(不施肥)处理的nifH基因条带数和多样性指数最大,各处理多样性指数差异显著,大小顺序为:对照>农肥高量>农肥低量=农化1:1>化肥高量>化肥低量。聚类分析显示,施用化肥的处理与其他处理相似性仅为66%,说明施用化肥的处理与其他处理相比大豆根瘤菌群落结构差异较大,显著改变了根瘤菌的群落结构。DGGE测序结果显示,大部分根瘤菌属于慢生根瘤菌属。农肥和化肥的施用均降低了大豆根瘤菌多样性,其中化肥处理更明显地降低了根瘤菌多样性。     

Community structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria under long-term application of mineral fertilizer and organic manure in a sandy loam soil

The effects of mineral fertilizer (NPK) and organic manure on the community structure of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was investigated in a long-term (16-year) fertilizer experiment. The experiment included seven treatments: organic manure, half organic manure N plus half fertilizer N, fertilizer NPK, fertilizer NP, fertilizer NK, fertilizer PK, and the control (without fertilization). N fertilization greatly increased soil nitrification potential, and mineral N fertilizer had a greater impact than organic manure, while N deficiency treatment (PK) had no significant effect. AOB community structure was analyzed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of the amoA gene, which encodes the alpha subunit of ammonia monooxygenase. DGGE profiles showed that the AOB community was more diverse in N-fertilized treatments than in the PK-fertilized treatment or the control, while one dominant band observed in the control could not be detected in any of the fertilized treatments. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the DGGE bands derived from N-fertilized treatments belonged to Nitrosospira cluster 3, indicating that N fertilization resulted in the dominance of Nitrosospira cluster 3 in soil. These results demonstrate that long-term application of N fertilizers could result in increased soil nitrification potential and the AOB community shifts in soil. Our results also showed the different effects of mineral fertilizer N versus organic manure N; the effects of P and K on the soil AOB community; and the importance of balanced fertilization with N, P, and K in promoting nitrification functions in arable soils.     

Community Structure of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria under Long-Term Application of Mineral Fertilizer and Organic Manure in a Sandy Loam Soil

The effects of mineral fertilizer (NPK) and organic manure on the community structure of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was investigated in a long-term (16-year) fertilizer experiment. The experiment included seven treatments: organic manure, half organic manure N plus half fertilizer N, fertilizer NPK, fertilizer NP, fertilizer NK, fertilizer PK, and the control (without fertilization). N fertilization greatly increased soil nitrification potential, and mineral N fertilizer had a greater impact than organic manure, while N deficiency treatment (PK) had no significant effect. AOB community structure was analyzed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of the amoA gene, which encodes the α subunit of ammonia monooxygenase. DGGE profiles showed that the AOB community was more diverse in N-fertilized treatments than in the PK-fertilized treatment or the control, while one dominant band observed in the control could not be detected in any of the fertilized treatments. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the DGGE bands derived from N-fertilized treatments belonged to Nitrosospira cluster 3, indicating that N fertilization resulted in the dominance of Nitrosospira cluster 3 in soil. These results demonstrate that long-term application of N fertilizers could result in increased soil nitrification potential and the AOB community shifts in soil. Our results also showed the different effects of mineral fertilizer N versus organic manure N; the effects of P and K on the soil AOB community; and the importance of balanced fertilization with N, P, and K in promoting nitrification functions in arable soils.     

不同培肥措施对红壤茶园土壤微生物量碳的影响

研究了经过4年不同培肥措施后红壤茶园土壤微生物量碳变化.结果表明:稻草覆盖后不同比例有机无机肥配施、间作三叶草以及全施化肥处理对土壤微生物量碳均有明显提高;全年土壤微生物量碳年变化都呈现"低-高-低-高"的趋势,且在不同时期对微生物量碳的影响不同;与对照(CK)相比,稻草覆盖 100%有机肥(T1)、稻草覆盖 75%有机肥 25%化肥(T2)、稻草覆盖 50%有机肥 50%化肥(T3)、稻草覆盖 25%有机肥 75%化肥(T4)、100%化肥(T5)和间作三叶草 不施肥(T6)土壤微生物量碳全年平均值分别高出17.05%、32.38%、32.05%、24.30%、26.23%和24.63%,且差异均达到显著水平(P＜0.05);土壤微生物量碳与活性有机质、土壤全氮、微生物量氮、微生物量磷呈显著正相关,与速效氮、土壤全磷、土壤全钾、土壤含水量之间关系不显著;与单施化肥和全量投入有机物料相比,有机物和化肥配合施用更有利于提高土壤肥力.     

长期施肥下红壤性水稻土有机碳储量变化特

研究了1982—2012年长期不同施肥下红壤性水稻土土壤有机碳含量变化、固碳趋势及外源碳输入对土壤固碳的贡献.结果表明： 施肥能提高土壤有机碳含量,连续30年不同施肥后,各施肥处理土壤有机碳含量趋于稳定,有机无机配施的土壤有机碳含量为21.02～21.24 g·kg^-1,增加速率为0.41～0.59 g·kg^-1·a^-1,单施化肥的土壤有机碳含量为15.48 g·kg^-1.各有机无机肥配施处理土壤的平均有机碳储量为43.61～48.43 t C·hm^-2,历年平均土壤有机碳储量显著大于单施化肥处理.土壤固碳速率与年均投入碳量呈显著指数正相关.本试验条件下,每年需要增加外源有机碳为0.12 t C·hm^-2才能维持土壤有机碳的平衡.     

Organic fertilization changes the response of mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their sporulation to mineral NPK supply

The synergetic effect of organic (cow manure) and mineral fertilization on the development arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi was demonstateded. The length of AM mycelium and sporulation were used as sensitive markers of the physiological state of soil AM fungal population. In manured treatments, both parameters increased in proportion with increasing mineral fertilization. In unmanured soil, the opposite trend was observed for the length of AM hyphae, which decreased with increasing mineral fertilization. Correlation analysis showed the dependence of length of AM hyphae and sporulation on soil available phosphorus. The correlation was negative in soil with no mineral fertilization and positive in soil supplied with luxury doses of mineral fertilizer.     

长期施肥对华北典型潮土N分配和N2O排放的影响

利用长期定位肥料试验研究化学肥料N、有机肥料N以及化学肥料N和有机肥料N混合施用对N分配和N2O排放影响。处理包括化学肥料N、P、K的不同组合NPK、NP、NK、PK、全部施用有机肥料N（OM）、一半化学肥料N＋一半有机肥料N（1／2OM）及不施肥（CK）7个处理。结果表明,等N条件下,处理间N2O排放的差异不显著,N2O排放主要发生在玉米生长期。均衡提供N、P和K显著提高土壤N储量,有机肥料N的效果显著高于化学N肥。施肥也影响N的利用效率和N在作物中的分配。均衡的养分供应有利于N在子粒中积累,而养分缺乏的处理,秸秆中N含量相对较高。进入环境的N量以NK最多,1／20M最少。总体而言,施P肥和有机肥可减少N2O的间接排放,提高土壤N素肥力并能获得较高的产量。     

26年长期施肥对土壤微生物量碳、氮及土壤呼吸的影响

研究长期小麦连作施肥条件下土壤微生物量碳、氮,土壤呼吸的变化及其与土壤养分的相关性。以陕西长武长期定位试验为平台,应用氯仿熏蒸-K2SO4提取法、碱液吸收法和化学分析法分析了长达26a不同施肥处理农田土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮和土壤呼吸之间的差异及其调控土壤肥力的作用。长期施肥及种植作物,均能提高土壤微生物量碳、氮含量,尤其是施用有机肥,土壤微生物量碳、氮含量高于单施无机肥的处理,土壤呼吸量也提高15.91%—75.73%,而施用无机肥对于土壤呼吸无促进作用。土壤微生物生物量碳氮、土壤呼吸与土壤有机质、全氮呈极显著相关。长期有机无机肥配施可以提高土壤微生物量碳氮、土壤呼吸,氮磷肥与厩肥配施对提高土壤肥力效果最好。微生物量碳氮及土壤呼吸可以反映土壤质量的变化,作为评价土壤肥力的生物学指标。     

Impacts of organic and inorganic fertilizers on nitrification in a cold climate soil are linked to the bacterial ammonia oxidizer community

The microbiology underpinning soil nitrogen cycling in northeast China remains poorly understood. These agricultural systems are typified by widely contrasting temperature, ranging from −40 to 38°C. In a long-term site in this region, the impacts of mineral and organic fertilizer amendments on potential nitrification rate (PNR) were determined. PNR was found to be suppressed by long-term mineral fertilizer treatment but enhanced by manure treatment. The abundance and structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB) and archaeal (AOA) communities were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis techniques. The abundance of AOA was reduced by all fertilizer treatments, while the opposite response was measured for AOB, leading to a six- to 60-fold reduction in AOA/AOB ratio. The community structure of AOA exhibited little variation across fertilization treatments, whereas the structure of the AOB community was highly responsive. PNR was correlated with community structure of AOB rather than that of AOA. Variation in the community structure of AOB was linked to soil pH, total carbon, and nitrogen contents induced by different long-term fertilization regimes. The results suggest that manure amendment establishes conditions which select for an AOB community type which recovers mineral fertilizer-suppressed soil nitrification.     

Long-Term Effect of Manure and Fertilizer on Soil Organic Carbon Pools in Dryland Farming in Northwest China

An understanding of the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) as affected by farming practices is imperative for maintaining soil productivity and mitigating global warming. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of long-term fertilization on SOC and SOC fractions for the whole soil profile (0–100 cm) in northwest China. The study was initiated in 1979 in Gansu, China and included six treatments: unfertilized control (CK), nitrogen fertilizer (N), nitrogen and phosphorus (P) fertilizers (NP), straw plus N and P fertilizers (NP+S), farmyard manure (FYM), and farmyard manure plus N and P fertilizers (NP+FYM). Results showed that SOC concentration in the 0–20 cm soil layer increased with time except in the CK and N treatments. Long-term fertilization significantly influenced SOC concentrations and storage to 60 cm depth. Below 60 cm, SOC concentrations and storages were statistically not significant between all treatments. The concentration of SOC at different depths in 0–60 cm soil profile was higher under NP+FYM follow by under NP+S, compared to under CK. The SOC storage in 0–60 cm in NP+FYM, NP+S, FYM and NP treatments were increased by 41.3%, 32.9%, 28.1% and 17.9%, respectively, as compared to the CK treatment. Organic manure plus inorganic fertilizer application also increased labile soil organic carbon pools in 0–60 cm depth. The average concentration of particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in organic manure plus inorganic fertilizer treatments (NP+S and NP+FYM) in 0–60 cm depth were increased by 64.9–91.9%, 42.5–56.9%, and 74.7–99.4%, respectively, over the CK treatment. The POC, MBC and DOC concentrations increased linearly with increasing SOC content. These results indicate that long-term additions of organic manure have the most beneficial effects in building carbon pools among the investigated types of fertilization.     

长期施肥对NO3^——N深层积累和土壤剖面中水分分布的影响

研究了旱地农业系统中,长期不同施肥条件下,降水对NO3^--N积累、剖面水分分布以及N有收量、回收率影响及其相互之间的关系。结果表明,降水和氮肥施用量显著影响作物产量。施用氮肥在土壤剖面中造成NO3^--N深层积累,其中NPM处理累积层位于60－120cm,累积量相当于3.0年的年度施肥量（120kg·hm^-2）,NP处理累积层位于80－140cm,相当于1.4年施肥量。随着降水的年际间波动,进化论在丰水年、平水年还是干旱年,NPM处理耗水量＞NP处理＞M处理＞P,CK处理。12年不同施肥造成了土壤剖面水分差异。冬小麦播种前不同施肥处理0－100cm水分剖面分布差别不大,NPM处理、NP处理（除丰水年外）,土壤100－300cm含水量迅速降低,干旱年M处理缓慢降低,P和CK处理在任何年份变化都不大,氮肥回收率随着降水的波动也呈现相应的高低变化,NPM、NP处理的高低波动幅度最大。NPM、NP处理NO3^-－N累积与N素回收率的降低、土壤水分亏缺基本吻合。由此也反映了水分－作物－施肥三者之间存在的内在制约关系。     

不同施肥制度土壤微生物量碳氮变化及细菌群落16S rDNA V3 片段PCR产物的DGGE分析

应用化学分析和变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）技术分离PCR扩增的16S rDNA的方法,研究了不同施肥制度对土壤微生物量碳、氮变化及微生物多样性的影响。结果表明,连续15a长期试验下,土壤微生物量碳（SMB-C）和微生物量氮（SMB-N）的含量大小均为长期撂荒（CK0）土壤高于农田土壤,而在农田土壤中,长期施肥的处理（NPK、NPKM、NPKSt和NPKF）高于长期不施肥处理（CK）,不同的种植制度中,长期复种轮作（NPKF）高于长期复种连作（NPK）;各处理的SMB-C/SOC（土壤有机碳）和SMB-N/TN（全氮）的比值的变化趋势与SMB-C和SMB-N变化一致;从PCR-DGGE分析,长期氮磷钾化肥配施有机肥（NPKM）处理的微生物量碳、氮的含量最高,微生物丰度最高,细菌物种最多,其次为长期撂荒（CK0）,CK处理细菌物种最少。UPGMC聚类分析表明NPK和NPKF处理细菌的群落结构相似,CK和CK0处理细菌的群落结构相似,而NPKM和NPKSt处理细菌的群落结构相似。     

长期施肥对双季稻田土壤微生物学特性的影响

为探明不同施肥处理对早稻和晚稻各个生育时期稻田土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和微生物熵的影响,以湖南宁乡长期定位试验为平台,应用氯仿熏蒸-K_2SO_4提取法和化学分析法系统分析了定位长达29年5种施肥处理之间(化肥、秸秆还田+化肥、30%有机肥+70%化肥、60%有机肥+40%化肥和无肥)双季稻田土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和微生物熵的差异。结果表明,早稻和晚稻各主要生育时期,长期施肥均能提高土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量和微生物熵,各施肥处理土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量和微生物熵均随水稻生育期推进呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,均于齐穗期达到最大值,成熟期达到最低值;其中,以60%有机肥和30%有机肥处理双季稻田土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量和微生物熵均为最高,均显著高于其他处理,其大小顺序表现为60%有机肥30%有机肥秸秆还田化肥无肥。长期有机无机配施可以提高土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和微生物熵,有机肥与化肥配施对提高土壤肥力效果最好。土壤微生物生物量碳、氮及微生物熵可以反映土壤质量的变化,可作为评价土壤肥力的生物学指标。     

The effects of mineral fertilizer and organic manure on soil microbial community and diversity

The effects of mineral fertilizer (NPK) and organic manure on phospholipid fatty acid profiles and microbial functional diversity were investigated in a long-term (21-year) fertilizer experiment. The experiment included nine treatments: organic manure (OM), organic manure plus fertilizer NPK (OM + NPK), fertilizer NPK (NPK), fertilizer NP (NP), fertilizer NK (NK), fertilizer N (N), fertilizer P (P), fertilizer K (K), and the control (CK, without fertilization). The original soil was extremely eroded, characterized by low pH and deficiencies of nutrients, particularly N and P. The application of OM and OM + NPK greatly increased crop yields, soil pH, organic C, total N, P and K, available N, P and K content. Crop yields, soil pH, organic C, total N and available N were also clearly increased by the application of mineral NPK fertilizer. The amounts of total PLFAs, bacterial, Gram-negative and actinobacterial PLFAs were highest in the OM + NPK treatment, followed by the OM treatment, whilst least in the N treatment. The amounts of Gram-positive and anaerobic PLFAs were highest in the OM treatment whilst least in the P treatment and the control, respectively. The amounts of aerobic and fungal PLFAs were highest in the NPK treatment whilst least in the N and P treatment, respectively. The average well color development (AWCD) was significantly increased by the application of OM and OM + NPK, and the functional diversity indices including Shannon index (H ^′ ), Simpson index (D) and McIntosh index (U) were also significantly increased by the application of OM and OM + NPK. Principal component analysis (PCA) of PLFA profiles and C source utilization patterns were used to describe changes in microbial biomass and metabolic fingerprints from nine fertilizer treatments. The PLFA profiles from OM, OM + NPK, NP and NPK were significantly different from that of CK, N, P, K and NK, and C source utilization patterns from OM and OM + NPK were clearly different from organic manure deficient treatments (CK, N, P, K, NP, NK 6 and NPK). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that total N, available P and soil pH significantly affected PLFA profiles and microbial functional diversity. Our results could provide a better understanding of the importance of organic manure plus balanced fertilization with N, P and K in promoting the soil microbial biomass, activity and diversity and thus enhancing crop growth and production.     

陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区水土保持耕作及施肥下农田土壤种子库特征

为了探明多年免耕下农田恶性杂草发生的机理,提高保护性耕作下作物对农田恶性杂草持久稳定的抑制效果,依据陕西安塞田间4a的定位试验, 采用小区调查取样和室内实验相结合的方法,从物种组成、密度特征、多样性以及相似性特征等方面,研究了黄土丘陵旱作农区大豆(Glycine max)、玉米(Zea mays)、红小豆(Semen Phaseoli)、马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)在翻耕化肥(CF)、翻耕有机肥(CM)、翻耕无肥(CN)、免耕化肥(NF)、免耕有机肥(NM)、免耕无肥(NN)等水平下的农田土壤种子库.结果表明: (1) 4种作物24种土样中共萌发出12个物种1965株幼苗,隶属于7科12属.1年生杂草占94%,棒头草(fugax nees ex steud)、苋菜(Acalypha australis)、马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、早熟禾(Poa sphondylodes)为优势种,占87%.(2)在0～20cm土层不同处理间,土壤种子库的密度变动于(282.9±63.4)～(7482.5±1078.3)粒·m- 2,其中,红小豆小区＞马铃薯小区＞大豆小区＞玉米小区;翻耕小区＞免耕小区;有机肥小区＞化肥小区＞无肥小区,差异极显著. (3)土壤种子库密度NM红小豆最高,NN玉米最低;丰富度指数CF大豆为2.30;NN红小豆为0.29;多样性指数NN大豆为5.56,CF红小豆为0.45;生态优势度NF玉米为1.35,CF大豆为0.17.玉米、大豆是黄土丘陵沟壑旱作农区免耕下农田抑制杂草最为适宜的作物, NM玉米、NF大豆和NM大豆是黄土丘陵沟壑旱作农区较优的耕作管理方式,其农田的生态效应是能够竞争性抑制恶性杂草的蔓延,优化土壤环境,杂草的多样性高且比较均衡,杂草的土壤种子库密度低.     

豆科绿肥及施氮量对旱地麦田土壤主要肥力性状的影响

通过2a田间定位试验,研究渭北旱塬地区夏闲期插播并翻压不同豆科绿肥(长武怀豆、大豆和绿豆)以及小麦生长季不同施氮量(0,108,135,162 kg/hm2)对麦田土壤肥力性状的影响,以期为提高旱地土壤质量提供理论依据.试验结果表明:(1)种植豆科绿肥能显著提高土壤有机质、活性有机质和全氮含量,增加土壤碳库管理指数(CPMI),对土壤速效钾含量没有显著影响;(2)绿豆还田量高于长武怀豆和大豆,然而土壤培肥效果逊于长武怀豆和大豆;(3)夏闲期种植绿肥明显消耗了土壤水分,导致绿肥翻压前、小麦播前直至收获后,0-200 cm土壤贮水量显著低于休闲处理,但耗水量与休闲没有明显差异,由于小麦产量显著增加,因此豆科绿肥显著提高了水分生产效率;(4)与不施氮相比,小麦生长季施用氮肥能显著增加土壤水分生产效率,却对土壤各肥力性状的影响均不显著.夏闲期种植并翻压豆科绿肥是旱地培肥土壤、提高水分生产效率的有效途径.     

不同施肥处理下水稻根际和非根际土壤中氨基糖积累特征

以水稻长期定位施肥试验土壤为研究对象,选取不施肥(CK)、化肥(NPK)、秸秆还田+化肥(NPKS)、30%有机肥+70%化肥(LOM)和60%有机肥+40%化肥(HOM)5种处理,分析水稻分蘖旺期根际土和非根际土中氨基糖积累特征.结果表明: 与CK和NPK处理相比,长期施用有机物料(NPKS、LOM、HOM)显著增加了水稻根际土和非根际土中有机碳、总氨基糖及其氨基单糖(胞壁酸、氨基葡萄糖和氨基半乳糖)含量.不同施肥处理下3种氨基单糖的积累规律不同,说明不同微生物对施肥处理的响应趋势和强度有所不同.受稻田翻耕等均匀化土壤的农事操作影响,各处理总氨基糖含量在根际土与非根际土间无显著差异.氨基糖碳对土壤有机碳积累的贡献范围为24.0～28.3 mg·g^-1,且以NPKS处理最高,HOM和CK处理最低.真菌氨基葡萄糖/胞壁酸比值范围为24.4～36.6,说明该试验点所有处理的根际土与非根际土中有机质的降解与转化过程以真菌为主导,且与NPK和CK相比,NPKS处理的真菌参与度提高,而施用HOM处理的细菌参与度提高.     

Residual effect of organic carbon as a tool for mitigating nitrogen oxides emissions in semi-arid climate

Residual effects of different fertilizers (mineral and organic) on the first pulses of carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) after rewetting dry soil with or without application of a mineral N fertilizer were studied in a laboratory experiment. Six months before this study was conducted the fields had received either manure + urea, manure, urea or no fertilizer. In the first phase the soil was rewetted with water simulating a summer shower (heavy rainfall in short time) and in the second phase with a urea solution simulating a mineral fertilization. There were not significant differences in trace gas emissions between earlier field treatments after soil was rewetted with water addition. However, after urea addition, plots that had received manure 6 months earlier showed smaller total emissions of N₂O and NO compared to plots that had only received urea. The residual effect of manure can play an important role in carbon poor soils under arid-semiarid climate in mitigating atmospheric pollutants such us NO and N₂O.     

不同施肥方案对芒果果实品质与土壤肥力的影响

以海南贵妃芒Mangifera indica ‘Guifei’为试材,在化肥、有机肥施用量上设置3个不同处理,研究不同施肥方案对芒果果实品质及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,与单施化肥比较,T1和T2处理使果实可溶性固形物含量提高12.0%～22.1%,维生素C含量提高8.5%～28.5%,可滴定酸含量下降41.2%～42.4%,固酸比提高94.4%～107.5%;与对照相比,本研究中提供的施肥处理显著提高土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、电导率及pH值,提升土壤肥力。综合而言,T2处理(有机肥5 kg·株^-1 + 尿素385 g·株^-1 + 过磷酸钙350 g·株^-1 + 高钾复合肥700 g·株^-1)对改善果实品质和改良土壤肥力性状效果最佳。     

不同施肥方式对稻麦轮作田土壤杂草种子库的影响

为揭示不同施肥方式(纯施化肥、有机肥配施化肥、秸秆还田配施有机无机肥、有机无机复合肥)对稻麦两熟制地区农田土壤杂草种子库的影响, 在江苏常州金坛区进行了固定施肥试验。经过连续4年试验处理后, 对不同施肥处理下农田土壤杂草种子库杂草种子种类及密度进行了调查, 并对杂草种子多样性、数量、分布与施肥措施的关系进行了分析。结果表明, 与不施肥相比, 施肥有减少稻麦轮作田土壤杂草种子库杂草种子种类数、杂草种子群落均匀度指数和物种多样性指数的趋势, 并使稻麦轮作田土壤杂草种子库杂草种子总密度明显降低。施肥明显提高了土壤杂草种子库菵草(Beckmannia syzigachne)、日本看麦娘(Alopecurus japonicus)、看麦娘(A. aequalis)种子的密度, 施用猪粪堆肥配施化肥处理提高程度更为显著; 秸秆还田配施化肥、秸秆还田配施有机肥化肥、有机无机复合肥施用处理有减少菵草、日本看麦娘、看麦娘杂草种子密度的趋势。施肥明显降低了土壤杂草种子库阔叶杂草种子密度; 施用有机肥有增加土壤杂草种子库水苦荬(Veronica undulata)、蛇床(Cnidium monnieri)种子密度的趋势; 施用猪粪堆肥有增加土壤杂草种子库鸭舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)种子密度的趋势。因此, 不同种类杂草对不同肥料存在偏好性差异, 不同施肥方式造成了土壤杂草种子库优势物种组成的差异。