Simulium (Psilopelmia) virescens, a new black-fly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the southwestern region of the state of Bahia, Brazil

The last-instar larva, pupa, male and female of Simulium virescens sp. nov. are described and illustrated. This species has a peculiar larva, which has an elongated head capsule and light-green colour. The first thoracic segment has tubercle on its dorsal region and the third thoracic segment has one pair of tubercles; the first to the fourth abdominal segments have one pair of tubercles on each segment. Until now this new species had only been collected at the type locality, which is on the middle stretch of the Correntina River in the southwestern portion of the state of Bahia, Brazil. Females were voraciously biting humans during the field work. This new species represents the second species of Simulium (Psilopelmia) in Brazil and the first registered outside of the Brazilian Amazon Region.     

海河流域拒马河鱼类群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

为了解拒马河鱼类时空分布及影响因子,基于2019—2021在拒马河的6次季节性鱼类调查,分析了拒马河鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系。结果显示:共采集37种鱼类,隶属5目11科,鲤形目最多,占总种数的64.86%。相对重要指数(Index of relative importance,IRI>)显示,IRI>≥500的优势种鱼类有10种,以鲫Carassius auratus Linnaeus、麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva Temminck & Schlegel、黑鳍鳈Sarcochilichthys nigripinnis Günther和宽鳍鱲Zacco platypus Temminck&Schlegel为主。单因素方差分析(ANOVA)表明,春、夏、秋季鱼类群落的个体数(N)、物种数(S)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)和Margalef丰富度指数(D_Ma)存在显著差异,Pielou均匀度指数(J’)无显著差异。SNK多重比较检验(Student-Newman-Keuls)显示个体数、种类数以20...     

The species of the Enicospilus americanus complex (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in eastern North America

The Enicospilus americanus species-complex is characterized and a key presented to the seven eastern North American species. Three species, E.americanus (Christ), E.glabratus (Say) and E.texanus (Ashmead) are redescribed, and four species are described as new. These are: E. lebophagus sp.n., a Mesoamerican species whose range just extends into southern Texas; E.cushmani sp.n., a widespread eastern North American species, E.aktites sp.n., a Mesoamerican coastal species whose range extends into the very southern tip of Florida; and E.peigleri sp.n., a northern Mexican/southern U.S. species. The cephalic capsules of the final instar larvae of five species are described, and notes on the biology of all species presented. The known hosts of the species are listed.  

Resumen

Se caracteriza el complejo de especies Enicospilus americanus y se presenta una Have para las siete especies del este de Norte America. Se redescriben tres especies: E.americanus (Christ), E.glabratus (Say) y E.texanus (Ashmead) y cuatro se describen como nuevas: E.lebophagus , una especie mesoamericana cuya distribution apenas se extiende hasta el sur de Texas; E.cushmani , especie muy distribuida en el este norte-americano; E.aktites , una especie mesoamericana cuya distribucion apenas se extiende hasta el sur de Florida; y E.peigleri , especies del norte de Mexico y sur de los Estados Unidos. Se describen las capsulas cefalicas del instar final de larva de cinco especies y se presentan algunas notas sobre la biologia de todas las especies, asi como tambien una lista con todos los huespedes conocidos de las especies.     

Description of the Nymphs and Eggs of Acentrella almohades sp. n. from Morocco and Southern Spain (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)

The nymph and egg of Acentrella almohades sp. n. are described and illustrated on the basis of material collected in southern Spain (in the upper reaches of the Guadalquivir River Basin) and Morocco (Rif Mountains and Atlas Mountains). Features distinguishing the new species from other European species are discussed and keyed.     

Comparative cytogenetics of spiny rats of the genus Proechimys (Rodentia, Echimyidae) from the Amazon region

We made a comparative analysis of the cytogenetics of spiny rat species of the genus Proechimys collected from several sites of the Madeira River basin (Amazonas State, Brazil) and Jari River valley (Pará State, Brazil). Individuals were assigned to three groups based on diploid and fundamental numbers: 2n = 28, FN = 46 (P. cuvieri and P. gr. longicaudatus); 2n = 38, FN = 52 (Proechimys gr. guyannensis), and 2n = 40, FN = 54 (P. gardneri). The nucleolar organizer region (NOR) was interstitial on the long arm of one submetacentric pair, as seen in all species of Proechimys analyzed thus far. However, its position in the karyotype was variable. A duplication of the NOR in one of the homologues was detected in P. gr. longicaudatus from the Aripuan? basin along the mid Madeira. The C-band pattern varied between species and, together with the NOR, allowed the identification of two evolutionary units in P. gr. longicaudatus in the region of the mid Madeira River (cytotypes A and B). The morphology and banding of the sex chromosomes were species specific. A range extension is suggested for the geographic distribution of P. gardneri and P. gr. longicaudatus. Moreover, we suggest that species of Proechimys with 2n = 38 chromosomes are restricted to east of the Negro River and north of the Amazon River. We also revised the published chromosome data available for Proechimys.     

Occurrence and abundance of three larval codlet species (Bregmacerotidae, Teleostei) in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (12–22°S)

There are still only a few studies related to Bregmacerotidae larvae in Brazil, although these larvae are frequently collected in oceanic ichthyoplankton samples. Thus this study analyzes the occurrence and abundance of Bregmaceros larvae along the Brazilian central coast and describes larval characteristics. During three oceanographic cruises samples were collected between the Real River (12°S) and the São Tomé Cape (22°S). Oblique hauls were conducted from a maximum depth of 200 m, using bongo nets of 330‐ and 500‐μm mesh size. Among the 951 bregmacerotids collected, three species were identified corresponding to 89%Bregmaceros atlanticus, 8%Bregmaceros cantori and 3%Bregmaceros n. sp. B. atlanticus was widely distributed along the study area and was more frequent in stations situated beyond the 200‐m isobath; this species was more abundant during the winter, showing a peak of density between Vitória and the São Tomé Cape (355 larvae per 10 m²). Bregmaceros cantori densities were very similar during the three cruises; the highest value (25.6 larvae per 10 m²) was recorded during the winter and higher concentrations were observed in neritic stations along the 200‐m isobath. Bregmaceros n. sp. was rare in collections made during the three cruises; it was concentrated along the Bahia coast (12–18°S), and was more frequent in stations situated in the oceanic region. Bregmaceros atlanticus varying from 2.0 to 6.0 mm and Bregmaceros n. sp. larvae varying from 3.0 to 6.0 mm were present in all cruises, indicating that they spawn year‐round. Bregmaceros cantori did not show a distribution pattern among the different length classes, probably associated with the fact that this species has a coastal distribution.     

Neotropical Monogenoidea. 33. Three new species of Ancistrohaptor n. g. (Dactylogyridae,Ancyrocephalinae) on Triportheus spp. (Teleostei,Characidae) from Brazil,with checklists of ancyrocephalines recorded from neotropical characiform fishes

Three new species of Ancistrohaptor n. g. are described from the gills of three species of Triportheus (Characidae) collected from the environs of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil: A. falcatum n. sp. from T. elongatus; and A. falciferum n. sp. and A. falcunculum n. sp. from T. angulatus, T. albus and T. elongatus. Ancistrohaptor n. g. is proposed for species possessing overlapping gonads, a dextral or dextroventral vaginal aperture, a coiled (counter-clockwise) male copulatory organ, two accessory pieces in the copulatory complex, and a haptor armed with two pairs of anchors (ventral anchor with elongate shaft), dorsal and ventral bars and 14 hooks; hook pair 1 (ventral) anterior to ventral bar, pairs 2–4 (ventral) lying bilaterally anterior to ventral anchor bases, pair 5 (ventral) associated with distal end of ventral anchor shafts, and pairs 6 and 7 (dorsal) bilateral about midway along haptoral length. Parasite-host and host-parasite lists of the Ancyrocephalinae from neotropical Characiformes are provided.     

A new species of Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) from South African mammals

A new tick species belonging to the African subgenus Afrixodes Morel, 1966, namely, Ixodes ( Afrixodes ) fynbosensis n. sp., is described. The female of I. fynbosensis is easily differentiated from the other African Ixodes species by a large, tapering triangular ventrolateral spur on palpal segment I. Nymph and larva of I. fynbosensis can be distinguished from those of other members of Afrixodes by a combination of the following characters: pointed hypostome, long auriculae, long and acute ventrolateral projections of basis capituli of nymph, only 2 pairs of central dorsal setae, and a straight posterior margin of scutum of the larva. Cytochrome oxidase I mtDNA sequence comparisons between I. fynbosensis and 10 other Ixodes Latreille, 1795, species support the recognition of this taxon as genetically distinct (>13% corrected sequence divergences separate it from the remainder of the 10 recognized species used in this study), and preliminary phylogenetic analyses reveal that this taxon is most closely related to the southern African Ixodes pilosus Koch, 1844, and Ixodes rubicundus Neumann, 1904. Ixodes fynbosensis is known only from South Africa, where females have been collected from a domestic dog and a rodent, Rhabdomys pumilio (Sparrman), and nymphs and larvae have been collected from R. pumilio and unidentified shrews belonging to the Soricidae. Sequences generated for both nymphs and adult individuals were identical, confirming the correlation between the described life stages.     

A new species of blackflies--Simulium (Argentisimulium) dolini sp. n. (Diptera, Simuliidae)

Female, male and larva of the new species of black flies, Simulium (Argentisimulium) dolini sp. n. are described. By its morphology the species occupies an "intermediate position" between S. nolleri and S. palustre. In the USSR the species was found in wooded and forest-steppe zones of West Ukraine.     

A new species of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Allothrombium</Emphasis> (Acari: Trombidiidae) from Montenegro

Allothrombium clavatum sp. n. with reduced inner claw of tarus III, one seta on coxa II, clavate dorsal idiosomal setae and 3-lobed posterior margin of scutum, collected as ectoparasite of an undetermined aphid, is described and illustrated from the central part of Montenegro (Balkan Peninsula). A key to world species of Allothrombium (larva) is presented.     

Steinernema scapterisci n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)

Steinernema scapterisci n. sp., isolated in Uruguay from the mole cricket Scapteriscus vicinus, can be distinguished from other members in the genus by the presence of prominent cheilorhabdions, an elliptically shaped structure associated with the excretory duct, and a double-flapped epitygma in the first-generation female. The spicules of the male are pointed, tapering smoothly to a small terminus, and the shaft (calomus) is long, bearing a sheath. The gubernaculum has a long, upward-bent anterior part. The ratio of head to excretory pore divided by tail length of the third-stage juvenile is greater for S. scapterisci n. sp. than for S. carpocapsae. Steinernema scapterisci n. sp. did not hybridize with S. carpocapsae strain Breton. In laboratory tests, S. scapterisci n. sp. killed 10% or less of non-orthopteran insects, including the wax moth larva, a universal host for other species of Steinernema.     

Two new species of hydrothermal vent crabs of the genus Bythograea from the southern East Pacific Rise and from the Galapagos Rift (Crustacea Decapoda Brachyura Bythograeidae)

Two new species of Bythograea Williams, B. vrijenhoeki n. sp. and B. galapagensis n. sp., are described based on morphology and mitochondrial DNA comparisons. B. vrijenhoeki was collected on the southern East Pacific Rise, south of the Easter Microplate and B. galapagensis from the Galapagos Rift, from where B. intermedia de Saint Laurent was also described. Our analyses indicate that B. vrijenhoeki is the sister species of B. laubieri Guinot and Segonzac, and B. galapagensis is the sister species of B. thermydron Williams. Bythograea is now composed of six described species, all endemic to hydrothermal vents along the East Pacific Rise and from the Galapagos Rift.     

Simulium (Chirostilbia) bifenestratum (Diptera, Simuliidae), a new black-fly species from the Atlantic forest, State of São Paulo, Brazil

The larva, pupa, male, and female of Simulium bifenestratum n. sp. are described and illustrated. The pupae of the new species have 10 gill filaments, thick at their base and arranged in a three-dimensional way, surrounding the head and thorax. Its pupal cocoon is peculiar, not found in any of the known Brazilian black-fly species; it is very thick and hard with two openings in the anterior region. S. bifenestratum n. sp. was collected in one stream in the Bocaina mountain chain, Atlantic forest, in S?o José do Barreiro county, state of S?o Paulo, in a high (1500 m) natural grassland. Larvae and pupae were collected on the edges of small waterfalls and in places with-high speed laminar water flow, attached to the bedrock.     

The geographical pattern of distribution of the genus Teuthraustes Simon (Scorpiones, Chactidae) in South America and description of a new species

A new species of scorpion, Teuthraustes braziliensis sp. n. (Scorpiones, Chactidae), is described from the State of Amazonas, Brazil. This is the second species of the genus to be collected in the lowlands of South America, and the third record of a scorpion of the genus Teuthraustes to be recorded from Brazilian Amazonia. The total number of species of Teuthraustes is now raised to 21. The patterns of distribution of the genus are commented upon, and its geographical distribution is also enlarged.     

Three new species of Rhinebothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from the freshwater whipray, Himantura chaophraya, in Malaysian Borneo

Three new Rhinebothrium Linton, 1890 species, R. kinabatanganensis n. sp., R. megacanthophallus n. sp., and R. abaiensis n. sp., collected from the spiral intestines of 6 freshwater whiprays (Himantura chaophraya, Dasyatidae) in the Kinabatangan River, Malaysian Borneo, are described. This is the first record of cestodes from the Kinabatangan River and from H. chaophraya. The new Rhinebothrium species are differentiated from the 34 valid Rhinebothrium species in addition to 2 species, Echeneibothrium hui Tseng, 1933 and E. oligotesticularis Subramaniam, 1940 that are herein transferred to Rhinebothrium. Each of the new species was examined with light and scanning electron microscopy. Two of the new species possess cilia on their bothridia, which have not previously been reported for members of this genus.     

A review of Scymnodes Blackburn, with the description of a new Australian species and its larva (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Abstract. The genus Scymnodes is reviewed both taxonomically and biologically, and its nineteen constituent species placed into two subgenera. S.(Dolinus) Weise is made a subjective synonym of S. (Scymnodes) Blackburn, S.(Apolinus) is proposed as a new name for Platyomus Mulsant (nee Schoenherr) and Rhynchortalia wallacei Crotch is transferred to S. (Scymnodes) as a new combination. S.(S.)bellus , sp.n. is described. Its larva is also described and comparisons made with those of S.(A.)lividigaster and the platynaspine Phymatosternus lewisi (Crotch). Comments are made on the habits of the S.(S.)bellus larva, which was observed to feed on ants.