广东小煤炱科研究初报Ⅱ.

本文报告广东小光壳炱属和附丝壳属18个分类单位,其中小光壳炱属Asteridiella16个,杨桐树生小光壳炱Asterldlella adinandricola H.Hu、艾纳香生小光壳炱Asteridiella blumeicola H.Hu、黄杞树生小光壳炱Asteridiella engelhardtiicola H.Hu、泡花树生小光壳炱Asteridiella meliosmicola H.Hu和银鹊树生小光壳炱Asteridiella tapisciicola H.Hu为新种,11个我国新纪录种;附丝壳属Appendiculella 2个,嘉赐树生附丝壳Appendiculella caseariicola H.Hu和黄杞树生附丝壳Appendiculella engelhardtiicola H.Hu新种。     

广东小煤炱科研究初报II．

本文报告广东小光壳炱属和附丝壳属18个分类单位,其中小光壳炱属Asteridiella16个,杨桐树生小光壳炱Asterldlella adinandricola H.Hu、艾纳香生小光壳炱Asteridiella blumeicola H.Hu、黄杞树生小光壳炱Asteridiella engelhardtiicola H.Hu、泡花树生小光壳炱Asteridiella meliosmicola H.Hu和银鹊树生小光壳炱Asteridiella tapisciicola H.Hu为新种,11个我国新纪录种;附丝壳属Appendiculella 2个,嘉赐树生附丝壳Appendiculella caseariicola H.Hu和黄杞树生附丝壳Appendiculella engelhardtiicola H.Hu新种。     

中国附丝壳属研究Ⅲ.(英)

本文报道了中国的附丝壳属Appendiculella二个新种：八角附丝壳AppendiculellailliciiB．Song和新木姜子附丝壳AppendiculellaneolitseaeB．Song。新种附有拉丁文、英文描述和显微结构图。模式标本保存于广东省微生物研究所标本室（HMIGD）。     

中国附丝壳属研究

本文报道了附丝壳属Appendiculella von Hoehnel两个新种。它们是:蕈树附丝壳Appendiculella altingiae Y.X.Hu et B.Song、武夷附丝壳Appendiculella wuyiensis Y.X.Hu eL B.Song。新种附有拉丁文、中文描述和显微结构图。模式标本藏于广东省微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMIGD)。     

中国附丝壳属研究III.

本文报道了中国的附丝壳属Ａｐｐｅｎｄｉｃｕｌｅｌｌａ二个新种,八角附丝壳ＡｐｐｅｎｄｉｃｕｌｅｌｌａｉｌｌｉｃｉｉＢ．Ｓｏｎｇ和新木姜子附丝壳ＡｐｐｅｎｄｉｃｕｌｅｌｌａｎｅｏｌｉｔｓｅａｅＢ．Ｓｏｎｇ新种附有拉丁文,英文描述和显微构图,模式标本保存于广东省微生物研究所标本室（ＨＭＩＧＤ）。     

中国附丝壳属研究IV.

附丝壳属Appendiculella二个新种:赤苍藤附丝壳Appendiculella erythropali和忍冬附丝壳Appendiculella lonicerae,分别寄生在赤苍藤科植物赤苍藤Erythropalum scandens和忍冬科植物忍冬Lonicera japonica上。有拉丁文和英文描述,附了显微结构图。模式标本保存于广东省微生物研究所标本室(HMIGD)。     

中国附丝壳属研究Ⅱ.

报道了中国附丝壳属AppendiculellavonHoehnel5个种。其中野桐附丝壳AppendiculellamallotiB.SongetY.X．Hu为新种,其余4个种为我国大陆的初次报道。新种有拉丁文、中文描述和显微结构图。所有标本保藏于广东省微生物研究所标本室（HMIGD）。     

中国附丝壳属研究

本文报道了附丝壳属Ａｐｐｅｎｄｉｃｕｌｅｌｌａ ｖｏｎ Ｈｏｅｈｎｅｌ两个新种。它们是：蕈树附丝壳Ａｐｐｅｎｄｉｃｕｌｅｌｌａ ａｌｔｉｎｇｉａｅ Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｈｕ ｅｔ Ｂ．Ｓｏｎｇ、武夷附丝壳Ａｐｐｅｎｄｉｃｕｌｅｌｌａ ｗｕｙｉｅｎｓｉｓ Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｈｕ ｅｔ Ｂ．Ｓｏｎｇ。新种附有拉丁文、中文描述和显微结构图。模式标本藏于广东省微生物研究所真菌标本室（ＨＭＩＧＤ）。     

中国附丝壳属研究II．

报道了中国附丝壳属Appendiculella von Hoehnel 5个种。其中野桐附丝壳Appendiculella malloti B．Song et Y．X．Hu为新种,其余4个种为我国大陆的初次报道。新种有拉丁文、中文描述和显微结构图。所有标本保藏于广东省微生物研究所标本室(HMIGD)。     

中国的小煤炱科IV.

本文报告２７个分类单位,它们分别属于小煤炱属,小光壳炱属,附丝壳属和针壳炱属;联昌小煤炱,帽柱木生小煤炱水锦树生变种和拟石珠小光壳炱假木荷变种为新种和新变种。非洲小煤炱,蒲葵小煤炱,坦卡小煤炱为我国新记录。     

Materials for Chinese Phyllanthoideae

The present paper is part of taxonomic study on Chinese Phyllanthoideae. Included in it are two new varieties, Leptopus esquirolii var. villosus and Drypetes hainanensis var. longistipitata, one new combination, Glochidion triandrum var. siamense, and seven new records in China: Drypetes salicifolia, D. hoaensis. Actephila subsessilis, Glochidion khasicum, G. nubigennum, Bridelia spiosa and B. poilanei. In addition, seventeen taxon names are newly reduced: Liodendron formosanum = Drypetes formosana, Liodendron matsumurae = Drypetes matsumurae, D. longipes = D. indica, Antidesma paxii = A. acidum, A. hiiranense, A. filipes and A. pentandrum var. hiiranense = A. japonicum, A. calvescens = A. montanum, A. microphyllum = A. venosum, Breynia stipitata var. formosana and B. jormosana = B. vitis-idaea, Glochidion zeylanicum var. tomentosum = G. hirsutum, G. rubidulum = G. thomsonii, G. acuminatum = G. triandrum, G. fagifolium and Phyllanthus fagifolius = Glochidion sphaerogynum, Bridelia penangiena = B. insulana, B. henryana = B. tomentosa. All the types are kept in SCBl and PE.     

Phylogenetic revision of the Taenogera Kröber genus-group (Diptera: Therevidae), with descriptions of two new genera

The phylogenetic relationships of the Taenogera genus-group, consisting of nine genera, are examined using cladistic methods. Twenty-one species representing nine genera and one outgroup were compared in a cladistic analysis across 99 states in 44 characters. The genus Taenogera Kröber is revised to contain only T. longa (Schiner), T. nitida (Macquart) and T. notatithorax Mann. Two new genera are described and figured: Actenomeros gen. n., with two species, A. corniculaticaudus sp. n. and A. onyx sp. n.; and Taenogerella gen. n., with four species, Ta. elizabethae sp. n., Ta. platina sp. n., Ta. schlingeri sp. n. and Ta . nigrapicalis (Mann) comb. n. Phylogenetic analysis also supports the removal of Nanexila gracilis (Mann) comb. n. from Taenogera .     

Relationships between host blood factors and proteases in Glossina morsitans subspecies infected with Trypanosoma congolense

Abstract. Host blood effects on Trypanosoma congolense establishment in Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis were investigated using goat, rabbit, cow and rhinoceros blood. Meals containing goat erythrocytes facilitated infection in G. m. morsitans , whereas meals containing goat plasma facilitated infection in G. m. centralis. Goat blood effects were not observed in the presence of complementary rabbit blood components. N-acetyl-glucosamine (a midguMectin inhibitor) increased infection rates in some, but not all, blood manipulations. Cholesterol increased infection rates in G. m. centralis only. Both compounds together added to cow blood produced superinfection in G. m. centralis , but not in G. m. morsitans. Midgut protease levels did not differ 6 days post-infection in flies maintaining infections versus flies clearing infections. Protease levels were weakly correlated with patterns of infection, but only in G. m. morsitans. These results suggest that physiological mechanisms responsible for variation in infection rates are only superficially similar in these closely-related tsetse.     

Selection of Verticillium lecanii Isolates with High Potential for Biocontrol of Cucumber Powdery Mildew by Means of Components Analysis at Different Humidity Regimes

To identify characteristics for the selection of Verticillium lecanii isolates with high potential for biocontrol of Sphaerotheca fuliginea under glasshouse conditions, an exploratory study was performed on the effect of water limitation on the development of 14 isolates. The conidial germination, growth and sporulation of isolates of V. lecanii were studied in a tritrophic system on cucumber leaves and in a ditrophic system in Petri dishes. Their mycoparasitic ability was studied in S. fuliginea and Cladosporium cladosporioides . All characteristics were clearly affected by humidity. Four isolates showed good biocontrol potential. The performance of isolates on agar had less predictive value than on powdery mildew. The germination of isolates of V. lecanii was lower and the mycelial growth faster on agar than on mildewed leaves under corresponding humidity conditions. The results suggest that conditions in the phyllosphere differed from the set humidity in the surrounding air. A correlation was found between the lysis of C. cladosporioides growing in dual culture on agar with isolates of V. lecanii and the parasitism of powdery mildew on detached, rooted leaves. C. cladosporioides might offer a suitable substrate for testing isolates of V. lecanii for mycoparasitic potential under various environmental conditions. Conidial germination, growth and sporulation had limited predictive value.     

Evaluation of the Palaearctic Eurithia consobrina (Diptera: Tachinidae) as a Potential Biocontrol Agent for Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Canada

The evaluation of Eurithia consobrina (Meigen) as a candidate for introduction against bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in western Canada included studies of its host range, distribution, synchronization with host, constancy, abundance and life history in Europe. In addition, its diapause induction and its coldhardiness were compared with those of the target host M. configurata and its native tachinid parasitoid, Athrycia cinerea (Coq.). E. consobrina was found to fit criteria for a successful biocontrol agent reasonably well. It also had the potential to fill a largely unoccupied niche in the parasitoid complex of M. configurata. E. consobrina has a facultative diapause of the long-day type, similar to A. cinerea, but is less sensitive to diapause-inducing conditions. E. consobrina is at least as coldhardy as A. cinerea and more coldhardy than M. configurata. Laboratory exposures to temperatures of 0 C for 140 days apparently selected for greater coldhardiness, and later generations survived exposures of 140 days at -15 C without significant mortality. Adult E. consobrina were released at three locations in Manitoba in 1986 and 1987, but establishment has not been confirmed.     

Predation by Halmus chalybeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Ceroplastes destructor and C. sinensis (Hemiptera: Coccidae: Ceroplastinae) Infesting Citrus in Northland, New Zealand

Predation by Halmus chalybeus (steelblue ladybird) on two species of wax scale was studied on citrus orchards in Northland, New Zealand. Field experiments using an exclusion technique of enclosing citrus branches in bags, found that larval and adult H. chalybeus preyed on first and second instars of both Ceroplastes destructor (white wax scale) and C. sinensis (Chinese wax scale), but not third instar C. destructor. Third instar C. sinensis and adults of both species were not tested but are rarely, if ever, attacked by H. chalybeus. The sampling of scale and ladybird populations and field experiments showed that few scales of either species survived past the second instar stage where H. chalybeus was numerous. The feeding rate of H. chalybeus on settled first and second instar scales was estimated inside bagged branches. Adults consumed on average 15.6 C. destructor and 13.3 C. sinensis per day per ladybird, while larvae ate 9.7 C. destructor per day. These feeding rates accounted for the experimental reduction of scale populations. H. chalybeus is a useful natural enemy for the control of C. destructor and C. sinensis when its activity is not disrupted by pesticides.     

Further flavonoid studies onAttalea species and some related cocosoid palms

In a flavonoid survey of direct and hydrolysed leaf extracts of sixteenAttalea, sevenScheelea and fourOrbignya species free tricin, tricin 7-glycosides, tricin 5-glucoside and flavone C-glycosides were the most frequent constituents; present in 100, 89, 70, and 81% of species, respectively. Luteolin, quercetin and isorhamnetin were each found in only 15% of the sample. The present results confirm the findings of a previous survey thatAttalea, Scheelea andOrbignya are chemically heterogeneous with as much variation between species as between genera. Furthermore, threeAttalea species,A. allenii, A. guaranitica andA. victoriana showed some infraspecific variation. On the other hand all three accessions ofA. ferruginea and six ofA. geraensis examined gave identical flavonoid profiles. The results support the view thatA. geraensis andA. guaranitica are closely related but do not support the suggested close relationship based on morphology betweenA. oleifera, A. burretiana andA. piassabossu.     

Investigations into the evolutionary history of the polyploid complexAntennaria neodioica (Asteraceae: Inuleae)

TheAntennaria neodioica polyploid agamic complex is a polymorphic species occurring across North America mainly north of the terminal margin of the Wisconsin glacier. This taxonomically difficult group has recently been treated as consisting of the four subspeciesA. neodioica subsp.canadensis, subsp.howellii, subsp.neodioica, and subsp.petaloidea. TheA. neodioica agamic complex has been considered of hybrid origin with several sexual diploid species constituting its parentage. Crosses were made among five sexual diploid species ofAntennaria, morphologically similar toA. neodioica s.l., in an attempt to discover its origins. Representative specimens of the five diploid species,A. neodioica s. l., and the synthetic interspecific F₁ hybrids were subjected to various analyses including PCA, cluster (UPGMA), and discriminant analyses. Results suggest that theA. neodioica complex is of multiple hybrid origin involving the four diploid speciesA. neglecta, A. plantaginifolia, A. racemosa, andA. virginica. BecauseA. neodioica is the result of diverse origin it is more desirable to consider the agamic complex as a separate, distinct species from its sexual diploid relatives. Several morphological characters in the diploid species were determined to be polygenically inherited.Investigations into the Evolutionary History of the Polyploid Complexes inAntennaria (Asteraceae: Inuleae). I.