共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白(LEA蛋白)在自然条件下主要在种子发育晚期大量积累,植物LEA基因也在多种非生物胁迫下诱导表达。植物LEA蛋白是植物应对失水胁迫(包括干旱、盐碱、冷冻等)逆境的一种广泛存在的亲水性应答蛋白,具有很强的热稳定性。本论文就LEA蛋白的结构、分类、功能及抗逆性分子机制进行了概述与总结,为分离新的LEA蛋白成员,进行功能分析以及进一步发掘其潜在应用价值提供参考。 相似文献
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Hanqing Feng Dongdong Guan Kun Sun Yifeng Wang Tengguo Zhang Rongfang Wang 《Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica》2013,(12):985-994
Plants in their natural environment frequently face various abiotic stresses, such as drought, high salinity, and chilling. Plant mitochondria contain an alternative oxidase (AOX), which is encoded by a small family of nuclear genes. AOX genes have been shown to be highly responsive to abiotic stresses. Using transgenic plants with varying levels of AOX expression, it has been confirmed that AOX genes are im- portant for abiotic stress tolerance. Although the roles of AOX under abiotic stresses have been extensively studied and there are several excellent reviews on this topic, the differential expression patterns of the AOX gene family members and the signal regulation of AOX gene(s) under abiotic stresses have not been extensively summarized. Here, we review and discuss the current progress of these two important issues. 相似文献
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Sung-Soo Jun Jin Young Yang Hye Jin Choi Na-Ryung Kim Min Chul Park Young-Nam Hong 《Journal of Plant Biology》2005,48(4):456-466
Transgenic tobaccoNicotiana tabacum L. var. SR1) plants that over-express theEscherichia coli trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) gene(otsA) synthesized small amounts of trehalose (<400 μg g-1 leaf) while non-transformants produced no detectable trehalose. Some transgenic plants expressing a high level ofotsA exhibited stunted growth and morphologically altered leaves. We tested F22 homozygous plants devoid of phenotypic changes to determine their physiological responses to dehydration and salinity stresses.
All transgenic plants maintained better leaf turgidity under a limited water supply or after treatment with polyethylene glycol
(PEG). Furthermore, fresh weight was maintained at higher levels after either treatment. The initial leaf water potential
was higher in transgenic plants than non-transformants, but, in both plant types, was decreased to a comparable degree following
dehydration. When grown with 250 mM NaCl, transgenic plants exhibited a significant delay in leaf withering and chlorosis,
as well as more efficient seed germination. Our results suggest that either trehalose or trehalose-6-phosphate can act as
an osmoprotective molecule without maintaining water potential, in contrast to other osmolytes. Furthermore, both appear to
protect young embryos under unfavorable water status to ensure subsequent germination. 相似文献
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利用转基因植物生产药用蛋白研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
简要评述了国内外利用转基因植物生产药用蛋白的研究现状、发展趋势,以及转基因植物生产药用蛋白的基本方法、应用研究等。尽管目前植物作为药用蛋白的生物反应器受到诸多因素限制,优点与问题并存,但利用转基因植物生产药用蛋白是植物基因工程研究领域的一个新的发展趋势。 相似文献
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Manipulation of sink-source relations in transgenic plants 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Since 1980, the use of transgenic plants in modern plant science has become a powerful tool to study whole plant physiology. In this review, we try to summarize the data obtained in the field of photoassimilate partitioning. Attempts to study sink-source interactions concern factors which might limit sink strength and source capacity. Transgenic plants have been used to manipulate the sucrose to starch ratio in order to produce plants with higher sucrose levels in their source leaves. Alterations in partitioning were achieved by manipulating Calvin cycle enzymes, transport proteins and sucrose biosynthetic enzymes. The ability of sink tissues to attract photoassimilates has been altered by either increasing or decreasing sucrose hydrolytic activities. The increase of sucrose hydrolysis was achieved by creating transgenic potato plants with tuber specific yeast-derived invertase. Decreased sucrose utilization was achieved by antisense inhibition of sucrose synthase in potato tubers. 相似文献
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Hajirezaei MR Peisker M Tschiersch H Palatnik JF Valle EM Carrillo N Sonnewald U 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2002,29(3):281-293
A ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase (FNR) cDNA from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun) was cloned and sequenced. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed high identity to FNR proteins from Capsicum annuum, Pisum sativum, Spinacia oleracea and Vicia faba. Transgenic tobacco plants were generated that constitutively express the FNR cDNA in reverse orientation between the CaMV 35S promoter and the polyadenylation signal of the octopine synthase gene. Plants expressing the FNR antisense gene showed lower levels of FNR mRNA and protein accumulation, which was paralleled by a decrease in FNR activity. As a consequence, NADPH levels declined whereas NADP+ levels increased, leading to an unaltered NADP(H) pool. Growth rates, chlorophyll content and net CO2 uptake rates at high and low irradiances were strongly reduced in FNR antisense tobacco plants. These changes were accompanied by an over-reduced state of P700 as estimated by absorption changes at 820 nm. FNR control coefficients determined for the photosynthetic rate at saturating (C(R) = 0.94) and limiting (C(R) = 0.70) light conditions revealed a prominent role of this reductase in the regulation of photosynthesis. 相似文献
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Sucrose is required for plant growth and development. The sugar status of plant cells is sensed by sensor proteins. The signal
generated by signal transduction cascades, which could involve mitogen-activated protein kinases, protein phosphatases, Ca2+ and calmodulins, results in appropriate gene expression. A variety of genes are either induced or repressed depending upon
the status of soluble sugars. Abiotic stresses to plants result in major alterations in sugar status and hence affect the
expression of various genes by down- and up-regulating their expression. Hexokinase-dependent and hexokinase-independent pathways
are involved in sugar sensing. Sucrose also acts as a signal molecule as it affects the activity of a proton-sucrose symporter.
The sucrose transporter acts as a sucrose sensor and is involved in phloem loading. Fructokinase may represent an additional
sensor that bypasses hexokinase phosphorylation especially when sucrose synthase is dominant. Mutants isolated on the basis
of response of germination and seedling growth to sugars and reporter-based screening protocols are being used to study the
response of altered sugar status on gene expression. Commoncis-acting elements in sugar signalling pathways have been identified. Transgenic plants with elevated levels of sugars/sugar
alcohols like fructans, raffinose series oligosaccharides, trehalose and mannitol are tolerant to different stresses but have
usually impaired growth. Efforts need to be made to have transgenic plants in which abiotic stress responsive genes are expressed
only at the time of adverse environmental conditions instead of being constitutively synthesized. 相似文献
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本文概述了利用转基因植物生产口服疫苗的研究现状。分别对转基因植物生产口服疫苗的优点、作用原理、研究方法、已研究的口服疫苗及问题和前景进行了介绍。 相似文献
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A sensitive method has been developed for the detection of recombinant protein produced as a result of gene transfer into
plants. This method is based upon antibody binding, which is then visualized using enhanced chemiluminescence and recorded
on x-ray film for long-term storage. The technique is simple, rapid and reliable and can be used to screen large numbers of
transgenic plants. Several plant species have been successfully tested in this way for a range of recombinant proteins. 相似文献
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Paraquat resistance of transgenic tobacco plants over-expressing the Ochrobactrum anthropi
pqrA gene
Transgenic tobacco plants over-expressing the Ochrobactrum anthropi pqrA gene, which encodes a membrane transporter mediating resistance to paraquat, were generated. Transgenic plants displayed higher resistance against paraquat than wild-type plants, as estimated by plant viability, ion leakage and chlorophyll loss, but no resistance against other active oxygen generators, such as H2O2 and menadione. Moreover, lower levels of paraquat accumulated in transgenic plants, compared to wild-type plants, indicating that the PqrA protein detoxifies paraquat either via increased efflux or decreased uptake of the herbicide, but not by removing active oxygen species. The results collectively demonstrate that the bacterial paraquat resistance gene, pqrA, can be functionally expressed in plant cells, and utilized for the development of paraquat-resistant crop plants. 相似文献