p38 MAPK参与LPS诱导RAW细胞TNF—α基因表达的调控

构建ＴＮＦ－α启动子驱动的荧光酶报告基因系统,研究ｐ３８ＭＡＰＫ信号转导系统对ＴＮＦ－α基因表达的影响,ＲＡＷ２６４．７细胞共转染实验发现,ＬＰＳ对ｐ３８的激活作用与其诱导ＴＮＦ－α转录活性的作用显著相关,虽然单纯转染ｐ３８未见明显诱导ＴＮＦ－α报告基因系统的转录活性。     

双歧杆菌及其表面分子的免疫增强作用

研究双歧杆菌及其脂磷壁酸、细胞壁肽聚糖、培养乏液对小鼠腹腔渗出细胞、脾细胞ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－６、ＴＮＦ、ＩＦＮ－γ活性和脾ＮＫ、ＬＡＫ细胞活性的影响。结果发现双歧杆菌全菌、脂磷壁酸、肽聚糖多次注入小鼠腹腔一段时间后,小鼠脾ＮＫ细胞、ＬＡＫ细胞活性和ＩＦＮ－γ活性增强,腹腔渗出细胞产生ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－６、ＴＮＦ活性增强,其中以脂磷壁酸作用最强,肽聚糖次之,培养乏液也有一定作用。双歧杆菌及其表面分子对小鼠脾细胞、腹腔渗出细胞ＩＬ－２活性无显著影响。双歧杆菌的免疫增强作用在抗感染、抗肿瘤机理中占有十分重要的地位。     

创伤后巨噬细胞对T细胞白介素2及白介素2受体α基因表达的直…

以２５μｇ／ｍｌ的丝裂霉素Ｃ处理巨噬细胞３０ｍｉｎ,可阻断巨噬细胞白介素１（ＩＬ－１）、白介素６（ＩＬ－６）、肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）及前列腺素Ｅ２（ＰＧＥ２）的合成与分泌。创伤小鼠巨噬细胞经丝裂霉素Ｃ处理后,可明显抑制正常Ｔ细胞白介素２（ＩＬ－２）ｍＲＮＡ及ＩＬ－２受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ）α ｍＲＮＡ水平,并增强Ｔｓ细胞的抑制活性。去除Ｔ细胞中Ｔｓ细胞可使巨噬细胞的抑制作用消失。表明创伤后巨噬细胞可通过     

青春双歧杆菌DM8504菌株对小鼠体内HCa—F25／16A3—F肿瘤细胞 …

本实验应用加热处死的青春双歧杆菌ＤＭ８５０４菌株皮下注射荷瘤ＨＣａ－Ｆ２５／１６Ａ３－Ｆ肿瘤的ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠,酶联法测定小鼠体内ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＬ－６的含量,ＴＵＮＥＬ法及电镜观察肿瘤组织中是否有凋亡细胞的存在。实验结果指出：双歧杆菌能提高荷瘤小鼠体内ＴＮＦ－２的含量,较对照组明显升高,但ＩＬ－６的含量处理组与对照组之间无显著性差异。ＴＵＮＥＬ法除观察到不同程度的坏死组织外,未见到散在凋亡的肿瘤细     

青春双歧杆菌DM8504菌株对小鼠体内HCa-F_(25)/16A_3-F肿瘤细胞抑制作用的初步研究

本实验应用加热处死的青春双歧杆菌ＤＭ８５０４菌株皮下注射荷瘤ＨＣａ－Ｆ２５／１６Ａ３－Ｆ肿瘤的ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠,酶联法测定小鼠体内ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＬ－６的含量,ＴＵＮＥＬ法及电镜观察肿瘤组织中是否有凋亡细胞的存在。实验结果指出：双歧杆菌能提高荷瘤小鼠体内ＴＮＦ－２的含量,较对照组明显升高,但ＩＬ－６的含量处理组与对照组之间无显著性差异。ＴＵＮＥＬ法除观察到不同程度的坏死组织外,未见到散在的凋亡的肿瘤细胞,电镜观察与ＴＵＮＥＬ结果相一致,肿瘤细胞呈现坏死细胞的超微结构,未见凋亡细胞所具有的典型的形态特征。结果提示：双歧杆菌通过调节机体的免疫系统发挥抗肿瘤的作用,其对ＨＣａ－Ｆ２５／１６Ａ３－Ｆ肿瘤细胞的杀伤是通过坏死的方式实现的。     

双歧杆菌活菌制剂对慢性乙肝病人细胞免疫功能影响的观察

在应用双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗慢乙肝期间,重点观察了Ｔ细胞亚群（ＣＤ３,ＣＤ４,ＣＤ８）、ＮＫ细胞（ＣＤ（１６））、白细胞介素Ⅱ（ＩＬ－２）分泌细胞、肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）等细胞免疫指标治疗前后的动态变化,同时观察了病人血内毒素水平的动态变化和乙肝病毒标志物（ＨＢＶＭ）的改变。结果表明：（１）与对照组比较,双歧杆菌活菌制剂可使慢乙肝病人ＣＤ３＋,ＣＤ４＋数目明显增多,而对ＣＤ８＋细胞数目无明显影响;（２）双歧杆菌活菌制剂可使ＣＡＨ组的ＣＤ１６＋细胞显著增多（ｐ＜０．０５）;使ＣＡＨ组和ＣＰＨ组的ＩＬ－２分泌细胞均有非常显著和显著增加（分别ｐ＜０．０１和ｐ＜０．０５）;（３）ＣＡＨ组病人血中内毒素和ＴＮＦ水平在双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗后,匀出现非常显著降低（ｐ＜０．０１）;ＣＰＨ组ＴＮＦ水平较对照组无显著变化,但内毒素水平较对照组显著降低（ｐ＜０．０５）;（４）满疗程后（６０天）ＣＡＨ组有６例,ＣＰＨ组有５例ＨＢｅＡｇ阴转（分别为２６．０６％和２５．０％）,而对照组仅２例阴转（１３．３３％）,两治疗组与对照组比较有显著性差异（ｐ＜０．０５）。     

TNF-α、IL-1β及LPS对血管平滑肌细胞一氧化氮合酶基因表达的影响及作用机制研究

通过ＲＮＡ印迹分析和亚硝酸盐含量测定检查ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＬ－１β和ＬＰＳ对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）诱导型一氧化氮合酶（ｉＮＯＳ）基因表达及ＮＯ生成的影响．结果表明,ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＬ－１β和ＬＰＳ均能显著诱导ＶＳＭＣｉＮＯＳ基因表达和促进ＮＯ生成,其作用强度与浓度和作用时间有关;双因素（ＴＮＦ－α＋ＬＰＳ,ＬＰＳ＋ＩＬ－１β）对诱导ｉＮＯＳ基因表达及ＮＯ生成产生协同作用．ＰｏｌｙｍｙｘｉｎＢ和地塞米松可部分抑制ＴＮＦ－α对ｉＮＯＳ基因表达的诱导作用及ＮＯ生成     

耐氧双歧杆菌及其B-CW对荷瘤鼠TNF-α的体内诱导

本文采用放射免疫方法（ＲＩＡ）,检测荷Ｓ１８０肿瘤小鼠外周血中ＴＮＦ－α的含量,观察双歧杆菌（Ｂｉｆｉｄｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ）及其细菌壁（ＣｅｌＷａｌｓｏｆＢｉｆｉｄｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ,Ｂ－ＣＷ）的免疫调节作用,探讨其抗肿瘤机制。结果表明该菌及其Ｂ－ＣＷ均可明显地促进机体产生ＴＮＦ－α,发挥抗肿瘤作用     

地塞米松、噻庚啶和山莨菪碱对LPS诱导大鼠肝脏TNFα表达的影响

地塞米松（Ｄｅｘ）、噻庚啶（Ｃｙｐ） 和山莨菪碱（Ａｎｉ） 对脂多糖（ＬＰＳ） 诱导的大鼠肝脏ＴＮＦα表达的影响。Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠４０ 只, 静脉注射ＬＰＳ（ＥｃｏｌｉＯ１１１Ｂ４ ５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ） 后, 立即静脉给予Ｄｅｘ ５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ、Ｃｙｐ５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 或Ａｍ ｉ１０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ,于ＬＰＳ攻击后２ｈ 取动物的肝脏,ＡＰＡＡＰ法进行ＴＮＦα免疫组织化学研究,Ｎｏｒｔｈ－ｅｒｎ 杂交分析ＴＮＦαｍ ＲＮＡ 表达水平。结果发现ＬＰＳ攻击后２ｈ, 肝脏ＴＮＦαｍ ＲＮＡ 表达水平显著增高, 肝脏枯否氏细胞胞浆内有大量的ＴＮＦα红染颗粒。Ｄｅｘ、Ｃｙｐ 或Ａｎｉ均能显著降低大鼠肝脏ＴＮＦαｍ ＲＮＡ 水平和ＴＮＦα含量。结果表明Ｄｅｘ、Ｃｙｐ 和Ａｎｉ均显著抑制ＬＰＳ诱导的ＴＮＦα基因表达, 可能有抗感染性休克作用。     

大球母贝精子介导外源基因转移研究

将大球母贝（Ｐｉｎｃｔａｄａ ｍａｘｉｍａ Ｊａｍｅｓｏｎ）精子与“全鱼”ＧＨ基因重组体ｐＣＡｇｃＧＨ和ｐＣＡｇｃＧＨｃ的线性ＤＮＡ混合,温育３０ｍｉｎ,经６次、２＾７、１０ｋＶ脉冲电处理后,与卵子受精,得到若干贝苗。从贝苗中提取ＤＮＡ,经ＰＣＲ扩增和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分子杂交表明,部分受体带有外源基因,当与精子温育的外源基因浓度分别为２μｇ／ｍＬ,６μｇ／ｍＬ及１８μｇ／ｍＬ时,相应贝苗     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.