研发动态·产业动向·会议报道

生物产业发展应形成群体优势和局部强势近日,国务院办公厅转发了国家发展改革委《生物产业发展“十一五”规划》(以下简称“《规划》”),按照规划,我国未来几年里生物产业规模将快速增长,2010年生物产业增加值要达到5000亿元以上。《规划》认为,生物科技的重大突破正在迅速孕育     

异丙威·阿维菌素和丙溴磷·阿维菌素两种增效混配制剂对甜菜夜蛾的田间防治效果

24%异丙威·阿维菌素乳油对甜菜夜蛾的田间药效试验结果表明,该混剂药后3天、7天和10天校正防治效果优于异丙威和阿维菌素乳油两个单剂。该混剂用量为50 g/667 m²,药后3天、7天和10天的校正防效分别为82.38%、87.49%和88.90%;用量为37.5 g/667 m²,防效分别为78.21%、83.97%和85.24%。35%丙溴磷·阿维菌素乳油对甜菜夜蛾的田间药效试验结果表明,其对甜菜夜蛾速效性和持效性均佳。该混剂用量为50 g/667 m²,药后3天、7天和10天其校正防效分别为86.15%、91.37%和91.32%;用量为37.5 g/667 m²,防效分别为80.73%、87.40%和88.39%。     

MP2, density functional theory, and molecular mechanical calculations of C-H···π and hydrogen bond interactions in a cellulose-binding module-cellulose model system

Exploring non-covalent interactions, such as C-H···π stacking and classical hydrogen bonding (H-bonding), between carbohydrates and carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) is an important task in glycobiology. The present study focuses on intermolecular interactions, such as C-H?π (sugar-aromatic stacking) and H-bonds, between methyl β-d-glucopyranoside and l-tyrosine—a proxy model system for a cellulose-CBM complex. This work has made use of various types of quantum mechanics (QM) and molecular mechanics (MM) methods to determine which is the most accurate and computationally efficient. The calculated interaction potential energies ranged between −24 and −38 kJ/mol. The larger interaction energy is due to H-bonding between the phenyl hydroxyl of tyrosine and the O4 of the sugar. Density functional theory (DFT) methods, such as BHandHLYP and B3LYP, exaggerate the H-bond. Although one of the MM methods (viz. MM+) considered in this study does maintain the C-H?π stacking configuration, it underestimates the interaction energy due to the loss of the H-bond. When the O-H bond vector is in the vicinity of O4 (O-H?O4 ≈ 2 Å, e.g., in the case of MP2/6-31G(d)), the torsional energy drops to a minimum. For this configuration, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis also supports the presence of this H-bond which arises due to orbital interaction between one lone pair of the sugar O4 and the σ∗(O-H) orbital of the phenyl group of tyrosine. The stabilization energy due to orbital delocalization of the H-bonded system is ∼13 kJ/mol. This H-bond interaction plays an important role in controlling the CH/π interaction geometry. Therefore, the C-H?π dispersive interaction is the secondary force, which supports the stabilization of the complex. The meta-hybrid DFT method, M05-2X, with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set agrees well with the MP2 results and is less computationally expensive. However, the M05-2X method is strongly basis set dependent in describing this CH/π interaction. Computed IR spectra with the MP2/6-31G(d) method show blue shifts for C1-H, C3-H, and C5-H stretching frequencies due to the C-H?π interaction. However, the M05-2X/6-311++G(d,p) method shows a small red shift for the C1-H stretching region and blue shifts for the C2-H and C3-H stretches. For the aromatic tyrosine C_δ1-C_ε1 and C_δ2-C_ε2 bonds in the complex, the calculated IR spectra show red shifts of 12 cm⁻¹ (MP2/6-31G(d)) and 5 cm⁻¹ (M05-2X/6-311++G(d,p)). This study also reports the upfield shifts of computed ¹H NMR chemical shifts due to the C-H?π interaction.     

Copper(II) complexes based on a new chelating 4-(3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-(piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidine ligand: Synthesis and crystal structures. Lone pair-π, C-H···π, π-π and C-H···A (A = N, Cl) non-covalent interactions

A new bidentate chelating pyrazolylpyrimidine ligand bearing a strong electron-donating substituent, i.e. 4-(3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-(piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidine (L) (Scheme 1), has been synthesized and used to obtain the copper(II) complexes by reaction with CuCl₂. The molar ratio Cu:L = 1:2 leads to isolation of a complex having CuL₂Cl₂ empirical formula, while the molar ratio Cu:L = 1:1 gives a complex with CuLCl₂ empirical formula. The crystal structure of L as well as the structures of both complexes were studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of CuL₂Cl₂ compound is formed by trans-[CuL₂Cl₂] mononuclear molecules. Surprisingly, in contrast to the previous compound having molecular structure, the crystal structure of CuLCl₂ consists of mononuclear [CuL₂Cl]⁺ complex cations and dinuclear [Cu₂Cl₆]²⁻ anions. Thus, formula of CuLCl₂ complex can be represented as [CuL₂Cl]₂[Cu₂Cl₆]. In both complexes molecules of L adopt bidentate chelating coordination mode through N² atom of pyrazole and N³ atom of pyrimidine rings forming five-membered CuN₃C metallocycles. Owing to C-H···N interactions and π-π-stacking L molecules form 2D network. In the structure of trans-[CuL₂Cl₂] there exist double lone pair(N(piperidine))-π(pyrimidine) interactions and C-H···Cl contacts resulting in the formation of 1D chains. Layered 2D structure of [CuL₂Cl]₂[Cu₂Cl₆] results from C-H···Cl, C-H···π and double lone pair(Cl([CuL₂Cl]⁺ complex cation)-π(pyrimidine) interactions.     

Synthesis and structure of a zinc(II)-carboxylate trimer containing the π···π stacking, 1,8-naphthalimide synthon: A supramolecular metal-organic framework

The reaction of the bifunctional ligand 3-(1,8-naphthalimido)propanoate (L_C2⁻), which combines a 1,8-naphthalimide strong π···π stacking synthon and a carboxylate donor group, with Zn(O₂CCH₃)₂(H₂O)₂ in methanol yields trimetallic Zn₃(L_C2)₆(MeOH)₄. The solid state structure has a central zinc(II) linked to two equivalent outer zinc(II) by both μ-κ¹ and μ-κ² carboxylate ligands. The two equivalent five-coordinate terminal zinc centers are also bonded to a third nonbridging κ²-carboxylate and to the oxygen atom of a methanol molecule. The central zinc(II) is six-coordinate with the four bridging carboxylate oxygen atoms forming a square planar arrangement and two trans oriented methanol molecules completing the coordination sphere. These trimers are organized into an extended structure exclusively by noncovalent interactions. Two types of strong π···π stacking interactions between sets of three stacked naphthalimide rings from three different trinuclear molecules organize the structure into two-dimensional thick sheets. The third dimension is organized by intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between the methanol molecules bonded to the terminal zinc(II) and the free oxygen of the μ-κ¹-carboxylates from adjacent trimeric units. This interaction is supported by weak π···π stacking. Overall the structure is a highly organized supramolecular metal-organic framework (SMOF) solid.     

外源H2O2和·OH对大麦幼苗根系线粒体膜脂和流动性的伤害

以大麦(HordeumvulgareL.)为材料,研究了外源H2O2和*OH对大麦根系呼吸速率、线粒体膜流动性和膜脂脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明,10mmol/LH2O2或·OH处理4d,大麦幼苗根系呼吸速率和线粒体膜脂不饱和脂肪酸含量及脂肪酸不饱和指数下降,线粒体膜脂荧光强度增加,膜流动性下降,且H2O2或·OH处理浓度(在0.1～10mmol/L范围内)越高,膜脂流动性下降越明显。H2O2和·OH处理的同时加入同浓度的抗坏血酸(AsA)和甘露醇,膜流动性明显增强或恢复。     

Australopithecus afarensis : bipédie stricte ou associée à une composante arboricole ? Critiques et révision du matériel fémoral

Although much research has been carried out on Australopithecus afarensis locomotion, no consensus has yet been reached. Our new critic study on femoral material brings to the fore a strictly bipedal behaviour within this taxon. Our results are based on the pertinence of human anatomical characteristics among A. afarensis and on the absence of characteristics revealing arboreal displacement. These results have emerged from our different observation and interpretation of some preceding authors concerning the anatomy of these fossil hominids. It is important to underline that apomorphic characteristics of this species are difficult to interpret. They must not however be used to support the idea of arboreal displacement simply based on the fact of a no totally human morphe. We believe that present day humans do not necessarily reflect the earliest strict bipedal anatomic model. An the other hand, it appears that the disagreement between the two locomotor hypothesis for A. afarensis that are bipedalism and arboreal displacement, facing the possibility of bipedalism associated with negligible arboreal displacement, results more from an evolutionary fact than from a real scientific conflict.     

·遗传咨询·

1．多囊肾的遗传 问：我有家族多囊肾遗传史,自己双肾有囊肿,现在怀孕29周,胎儿彩超双肾大,有回声,医生判定为多囊肾,我如果不要这胎,再怀孕,有不遗传的可能吗？     

Chronic Atmospheric NO<Stack><Subscript>3</Subscript><Superscript>−</Superscript></Stack> Deposition Does Not Induce NO<Stack><Subscript>3</Subscript><Superscript>−</Superscript></Stack> Use by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acer saccharum</Emphasis> Marsh.

The ability of an ecosystem to retain anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is dependent upon plant and soil sinks for N, the strengths of which may be altered by chronic atmospheric N deposition. Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), the dominant overstory tree in northern hardwood forests of the Lake States region, has a limited capacity to take up and assimilate NO₃⁻. However, it is uncertain whether long-term exposure to NO₃⁻ deposition might induce NO₃⁻ uptake by this ecologically important overstory tree. Here, we investigate whether 10 years of experimental NO₃⁻ deposition (30 kg N ha⁻¹ y⁻¹) could induce NO₃⁻ uptake and assimilation in overstory sugar maple (approximately 90 years old), which would enable this species to function as a direct sink for atmospheric NO₃⁻ deposition. Kinetic parameters for NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ uptake in fine roots, as well as leaf and root NO₃⁻ reductase activity, were measured under conditions of ambient and experimental NO₃⁻ deposition in four sugar maple-dominated stands spanning the geographic distribution of northern hardwood forests in the Upper Lake States. Chronic NO₃⁻ deposition did not alter the V _max or K _m for NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ uptake nor did it influence NO₃⁻ reductase activity in leaves and fine roots. Moreover, the mean V _max for NH₄⁺ uptake (5.15 μmol ¹⁵N g⁻¹ h⁻¹) was eight times greater than the V _max for NO₃⁻ uptake (0.63 μmol ¹⁵N g⁻¹ h⁻¹), indicating a much greater physiological capacity for NH₄⁺ uptake in this species. Additionally, NO₃⁻ reductase activity was lower than most values for woody plants previously reported in the literature, further indicating a low physiological potential for NO₃⁻ assimilation in sugar maple. Our results demonstrate that chronic NO₃⁻ deposition has not induced the physiological capacity for NO₃⁻ uptake and assimilation by sugar maple, making this dominant species an unlikely direct sink for anthropogenic NO₃⁻ deposition.