Three new species of Mallomonas (Chrysophyceae, Mallomonadaceae) from Lake Lanalhue, Chile

Three new species of the genus Mallomonas are described. Mallomonas rasilis sp. nov. belongs to the sect. Mallomonas , ser. Papillosae , while M. scalaris sp. nov. and M. lanalhuensis sp. nov. are members of the sect. Torquatae. They were found in Lake Lanalhue, Arauco Province, Chile. The taxonomy and distribution of these species is discussed, along with the morphology of cells, scales and bristles, based on scanning and transmission electron microscopy.     

Mallomonas nieringii sp. nov., a new species of Synurophyceae from a suite of ponds on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

A new species of Mallomonas, M. nieringii sp. nov., is described from a small, poorly buffered, acidic locality on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Cells are covered with uniquely sculptured scales, each scale of which may possess a single bristle. Cell, scale and bristle morphology all indicate that this new species should be placed within the series Punctiferae of the section Punctiferae, which now has four recognized species and one variety. Scales of the apical ring are highly asymmetric in design, each with a forward projecting triangular shaped spine. Collectively, the triangular shaped extensions of the apical ring of scales surround a single emergent flagellum. Body scales resemble those of Mallomonas punctifera and M. transsylvanica in shape and general morphology, but differ in lacking distinct secondary ribbing on the shield. Mallomonas nieringii was found in six waterbodies all situated within a small geographic area on the outer tip of the Cape Cod peninsula.     

Mallomonas fenestrata sp. nov. and M. perforata sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae, Mallomonadaceae) from tropical lakes

Two new species of Mallomonas (Chrysophyceae, Mallomonadaceae) are described from tropical lakes. M. fenestrata sp. nov. was found in Lago Tupé (Brazil) and M. perforata sp. nov. in Lake Danau Bratan (Indonesia), Negril ponds (Jamaica) and Marondera ponds (Zimbabwe).     

Mallomonas jejuensis sp. nov. (Synurophyceae) from Jeju Island,South Korea

A new species of Mallomonas (Synurophyceae), Mallomonas jejuensis sp. nov., has been found in Jeju Island, South Korea. This species is placed in the series Mangoferae (section Torquatae) because it has a collar of elongated domed scales, domeless body scales, rear scales with spines and all scales ornamented with papillae. The morphological characteristics of the scales and bristle of the new species are described by EM and compared with those reported for the other species of the series Mangoferae.     

Spiniferomonas abrupta, sp. nov. and some rare species of Synurophyceae and Chrysophyceae, not formerly recorded from Denmark

Eight ponds and lakes were examined for scale-bearing chrysophytes (Synurophyceae and Chrysophyceae) and abiotic parameters. Samples were taken monthly, throughout one year. All species of scale-bearing chrysophytes were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Altogether 74 taxa were found including a new species of Spiniferomonas (S. abrupta sp. nov.). Some rare species, not formerly recorded from Denmark, were also observed: Mallomonas asmundiae, M. corcontica, M. pumitio var. silvicola, Paraphysomonas capreolata, P. elegantissima, P. limbata , and Spiniferomonas silverensis .     

Mallomonas fuegiana (Synurophyceae), a new species of silica scaled chrysophytes from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

Vigna, M. S. & Kristiansen, J. 1995. Mallomonas fuegiana (Synurophyceae), a new species of silica scaled chrysophytes from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 439–442. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.
During the research project "Cryptogamic Flora of Tierra del Fuego", a new species of Mallomonas has been found. It is described here as M. fuegiana , and is placed in the section Torquatae , close to Mallomonas schwemmlii and M. dickii .     

Mallomonadaceae (Chrysophyceae) from Malaysia and Australia

The Mallomonadaceae (Chrysophyceae) of Malaysia and Australia are described by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Thirty taxa are reported from Malaysia, twenty eight for the first time. Eighteen taxa are reported from Australia, twelve for the first time. Twelve taxa are reported for the first time from the tropics. Four new taxa, Mallomonas ocellata sp. nov., M. tropica sp. nov., M. favosa f. gemina f. nov. and Chrysosphaerella astrea sp. nov. are described and the diagnosis of Mallomonas adamas Harris et Bradley is emended.     

Exploring Cryptic Diversity and Distribution Patterns in the Mallomonas kalinae/rasilis Species Complex with a Description of a New Taxon—Mallomonas furtiva sp. nov.

A complex of closely related Mallomonas taxa belonging to the section Papillosae, M. kalinae ?ezá?ová and M. rasilis Dürrschmidt, has been studied in detail by molecular and morphometric methods. Our investigations uncovered the existence of a new species found in water bodies in Vietnam, which we describe here as Mallomonas furtiva sp. nov. This taxon is morphologically very similar to M. kalinae , from which it differs by minute, but statistically significant morphological differences on the structure of silica scales. Indeed, the principal component analysis of morphological traits measured on silica scales significantly separates all three species in the complex. Mallomonas kalinae and M . furtiva differ by number of papillae on the shield and the dome, as well as by the scale sizes. Likewise, Mallomonas rasilis and M. furtiva are primarily differentiated by the absence of submarginal anterior ribs on silica scales of the former species. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Mallomonas furtiva is closely related to M . kalinae , with which it formed a highly supported lineage. Distribution patterns of all three studied taxa are further discussed.     

Mallomonas weei (Synurophyceae), a new species from North Carolina, U.S.A.

A new species of Mallomonas, M.weei, is described from North Carolina, U.S.A. Fine structure of scales and bristles has been studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The new species is placed in the section Mallomonas, series Intermediae.     

Mallomonas parana (Synurophyceae, Synurales), a new chrysophyte species from a river flood-plain lake of the Parana River system, Argentina

Mallomonas parana sp. nov. (Synurophyceae, Synurales) was found in a river flood-plain lake of the Paraná River system, Santa Fe Province, Argentina. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic observations were made. The new taxon is referred to the series Allorgei of the section Quadratae, and biogeographical aspects of this series are dicusssed.     

Mallomonas wujekii (Synurophyceae), a new species from Florida, U.S.A.

A new species of Mallomonas, M. wujekii sp. nov., belonging to the Series Tonsuratae is described from a dilute, acidic locality in Florida, U.S.A. Bristle bearing domed scales are restricted to the anterior end, and scales are orientated with their longitudinal axes at a 60° to 90° angle with the longitudinal axis of the cell. Cells have three types of scales, domed anterior scales, domeless body scales and spined posterior scales. All scales possess papillae that are restricted to the shield and have one rib positioned on each end of the posterior flange. The new species is believed to be most closely related to Mallomonas tonsurata and M. galeiformis . The combination of characters of the bristles is unique among taxa of Mallomonas .     

Mallomonas alphaphora (Chrysophyceae), a new species from Western Australia

A new species ofMallomonas, M. alphaphora (Chrysophyceae), was found in freshwater ponds in the Perth region, Western Australia. It is distinguished from other species ofMallomonas by its very distinctive scale and bristle morphology and is placed in a new section,Alphaphorae, of the genusMallomonas. Dedicated to Prof. DrL. Geitler on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of his birthday.     

Studies on scale–bearing Chrysophyceae from the Giessen area, Federal Republic of Germany

The Chrysophycean flora of various freshwater bodies round Giessen was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy between 1979 and 1982. Investigations throughout the year revealed a clear preference of most of the taxa for autumn and spring. Altogether, 32 taxa of Chrysophyceae were found. Twelve of these had previously been recorded from W Germany, only four species, however, documented by electron microscopy. Mallomonas costata sp. nov. and M. pillula f. latimarginalis f. nov. are described.     

Systematics of the bryozoan genus Macropora (Cheilostomata)

Macropora is a distinctive genus of anascan cheilostomes. All species have large zooids with an extensive cryptocystal frontal shield perforated by numerous pores through which parietal muscle strands pass. Also characteristic of Macropora are the calcified opercula closing the d -shaped orifice, avicularia resembling autozooids but having slightly enlarged, typically crenulated opercula/mandibles, and large ovicells that are often costate. This mostly Australasian genus has a documented fossil record stretching back to the Eocene. Here we revise the generic diagnosis of Macropora and describe eight new species from New Zealand (three Recent: M. nodulosa sp. nov. , M. filifera sp. nov. and M. carlosi sp. nov. ; five fossil: M. septispinosa sp. nov. , M. similis sp. nov. , M. pittensis sp. nov. , M. leeae sp. nov. and M. bullata sp. nov. ) and one new species from Japan ( M. mawatariorum sp. nov. ), the only species known with certainty to occur in the northern hemisphere. New observations are given for some previously described species, several of which are illustrated using SEM for the first time. The northern hemisphere Upper Cretaceous species Monoporella exsculpta (Marsson), showing features allowing it to be placed tentatively in the stem-group of Macropora , is redescribed. Attempts to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of species within Macropora were hampered by the relatively few morphological characters compared with the number of species, and it proved impossible to obtain a phylogeny robust to slight changes in taxon and/or character inclusion. The favoured cladogram has poor bootstrap and Bremer support, and its stratigraphical and biogeographical congruences are low.  © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 153 , 115–146.     

Mallomonas palaestrica sp. nov. (Synurophyceae), a new member of sect. Torquatae from Denmark

Mallomonas paluestrica sp. nov., a new member of sect. Torquatae ser. Pumilae , was found in a small Danish pond and is described and illustrated with TEM and SEM micrographs.     

Parapsylla, a Gondwanan element in the psyllid fauna of southern Africa (Homoptera)

The genus Parapsylla (Homoptera: Psylloidea) is redescribed and placed in the Diaphorininae of the Family Aphalaridae. Its relationships within this subfamily are discussed. The genus Agmapsylla syn. nov. is placed into the synonymy of Parapsylla , and Pennavena syn. nov. and Eudiaphorina syn. nov. are placed into the synonymy of Diaphorina. The eight known species of Parapsylla are distributed in southern Africa and upland areas of East Africa. Host plant relationships are not clearly established but the genus appears to be associated with species of Maytenus (Celastraceae), Olinia (Oliniaceae) and possibly Olea (Oleaceae) and Syzygium (Myrtaceae). Parapsylla relicta syn. nov, and A. aureus syn. nov. are placed into the synonymy of Arytaina capensis. Parapsylla capensis comb. nov. is transferred from Arytaina, Parapsylla valens comb. nov. is transferred from Diaphorina , and the following new species are described: P. angolensis sp. nov., P. eafra sp. nov., P. huila sp. nov., P. marginipennis sp. nov., P. rufa sp. nov. and P. theroni sp. nov.