高粱抗丝黑穗病基因的RAPD初步分析

目的：对高粱抗丝黑穗病的基因进行分析。方法：以高粱2381恢复系（抗病）、矮四恢复系（感病）、7050B保持系（抗病）、TX622B保持系（感病）为材料,采用CTAB提取DNA的方法提取高粱基因组DNA,然后应用RAPD分子标记技术对DNA进行多态性扩增。结果：初步建立了高粱丝黑穗病的RAPD反应体系;从RAPD反应中所用的48个随机引物中筛选出28个适宜引物,其余20个引物没有扩增出谱带,被淘汰;共扩增出114条谱带,其中引物OPM-05300和OPM-13450扩增出了差异谱带,分别命名为OPM-05300和OPM-13450。结论：在该反应体系下找到了高粱抗丝黑穗病抗感品种间基因组差异的两条差异谱带。     

RAPD标记在山葡萄种质鉴定中的应用

采用修改后的CTAB 法获得了高质量的基因组DNA 。利用RAPD 标记技术对山葡萄7 份种质进行鉴定, 用4 个引物(从30 个引物中筛选)对试材进行PCR 扩增, 共扩增出30 条谱带, 平均每条引物产生7.5 条谱带, 其中21 条谱带为多态性谱带, 占总谱带数的70%。不同引物扩增的谱带数不同, 范围在6~9 条之间。利用4 个引物扩增出的多态性谱带可以将7 份山葡萄种质区分。     

玉米抗丝黑穗病基因RAPD分析

该文应用RAPD技术,以感病母本3045和抗病父本3024为试材,应用BSA法,对玉米抗丝黑穗病基因进行分析,建立并优化了玉米的RAPD反应体系,筛选了61条引物RAPD随机引物,18条引物为适宜引物,共扩增出89条DNA谱带,得到了4条具有稳定多态性标记的引物,分别为OPY-09、OPY-10、OPY-18、OPP-09。     

二十八份玉米自交系的RAPD亲缘关系分析

采用RAPD技术,对28份玉米自交系的亲缘关系进行分析。旨在DNA水平上揭示玉米自交系之间的亲缘关系,为进一步提高玉米杂种优势利用水平提供有益的信息从100个10bp随机引物中筛选出24个多态性较好的引物,对28份玉米自交系DNA进行扩增,扩增出24张DNA指纹图谱,其中多态性DNA谱带106条,占总扩增带数的64％。利用DNA扩增结果进行聚类分析,建立了28个玉米自交系的亲缘天系树状图,将供试材料划分为五个类群,RAPD分析结果与已知系谱的亲缘关系基本一致。     

粘类小麦细胞质雄性不育系的RAPD分析

利用250条10-聚寡核苷酸随机引物对具粘果山羊草(Aegilops kotschyi)、易变山羊草(Ae.variabilis)、偏凸山羊草(Ae.ventricosa)和二角山羊草(Ae．bicornis)细胞质不育系及其保持系5-1的总DNA进行了RAPD多态性分析,其中31条引物对4种不育系及其保持系总DNA均无扩增,217条引物扩增条带完全相同。有2条随机引物在2种不育系之间有特异的扩增片段,其中引物S22在偏凸山羊草细胞质雄性不育系基因组DNA中扩增出分子量约为1600bp的特异带,引物S202在粘果山羊草细胞质雄性不育系基因组DNA中扩增出约1300bp特异带。线粒体基因组DNA的RAPD分析表明,4种不育系及其保持系mtDNA存在明显的差异。证明了S22—1600为偏凸山羊草细胞质不育系及其mtDNA基因组DNA的RAPD特异片段．S202—1300可能为粘果山羊草细胞质不育系及其ctDNA基因组DNA的RAPD特异片段。     

RAPD技术在志贺菌及沙门菌鉴别中的应用

河南农业大学牧医工程学院杨霞、陈陆、许兰菊等五位科学工作者以鸡鲍氏志贺菌,鸡白痢沙门菌和痢疾志贺菌为对象,分别提取基因组DNA,利用6条随机引物以随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术对其基因组DNA进行了分析,其结果：4条随机引物能较好地在这3种菌中检测到多态性分子标记,共扩增出了59个DNA片段,其中3个菌株共有的谱带7条,而显示多态性的片段有52条,占88．1％。     

26种冬青属植物遗传多样性分析

以26种冬青属植物种质资源为研究材料,利用RAPD和AFLP技术对基因组DNA进行扩增,以研究其物种间遗传多样性以及亲缘关系.结果表明:在RAPD分析中,从400条10个碱基的寡核苷酸引物中筛选出反应稳定、扩增性强、重复性好的引物20个,共扩增出312条多态性条带,多态率为95.41%;聚类分析显示26种冬青属植物间,布利奥特夫人枸骨叶冬青和黄果在AFLP分析中,10对选择性引物组合均扩增出了丰富的多态性片段,共扩增出350条谱带,其中336条具有多态性,占95.96%.综合RAPD和AFLP聚类结果,枸骨、无刺枸骨和日拉斯纳尔逊枸骨的亲缘关系较近,钝齿冬青、金宝石钝齿冬青和龟甲冬青三者的亲缘关系较近,可为冬青属植物的杂交育种与种质创新提供理论依据.     

14个板栗品种遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD分子标记手段,研究板栗品种的遗传多样性。采用从100个随机引物筛选的20个引物对14个板栗品种的基因组DNA进行扩增,通过对140条谱带的聚类,分析了供试板栗品种的系统发育;运用特殊谱带,建立了板栗品种的分子检索表,结合扩增的特殊位点,提出了重点保存的板栗品种。     

用随机扩增多态性DNA产物做探针产生鸡的DNA指纹图

我们用12个随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)引物对来自不同品系的4只鸡进行了RAPD分析,在扩增出的共99条带中,表现多态性的带为38条,占总带数的38％.回收了4个表现个体特异性的RAPD产物,当用鸡的基因组总DNA探针与它们杂交时,其中3个表现阳性,说明RAPD方法扩增出的高变异产物含有重复序列.用含重复序列的个体特异性RAPD产物作探针,与无关个体鸡基因组DNA的HaeⅢ酶切产物进行DNA印迹,获得了变异性较高的DNA指纹图谱.因此,高变异的RAPD产物可以有效地用作DNA指纹探针.     

利用RAPD标记评价小豆种质遗传多样性

本研究利用10个RAPD引物对180份小豆种质的基因组DNA进行扩增,共扩增出44条带,其中35条具有多态性,比例为79.5%,平均每个引物扩增出3.5条多态性带;平均遗传距离为0.274,变异幅度为0.05～0.60,平均遗传多样性指数为0.692;基于RAPD标记,把180份小豆种质聚类划分为4个组群,该组群的划分与小豆的生态地域性似乎不存在明显的相关性.     

Detection of section-specific random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in Lilium

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were utilized for the identification of Lilium species and inter-specific hybrids. The optimum annealing temperature of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the RAPD assay in Lilium was 54 °C, which is relatively higher than the temperature used for other genera reported by previous researchers. Among 76 primers used to amplify genomic DNA by PCR, 18 primers (24%) generated polymorphic DNA fragments in Lilium species and hybrids. Cultivars were also identified by RAPD markers. Some amplified fragments were unique to species of each section and to hybrids derived from these species; that is, they were the section-specific DNA markers. Sections, Sinomartagon, Leucolirion b, Leucolirion a and Archelirion could be identified by 6 section-specific markers amplified with five primers. Seven inter-section hybrids showed the section-specific bands of both parental sections, indicating that these markers would be useful for identifying the parental sections of inter-section hybrids.     

Qualitative and quantitative characterization of RAPD variation among snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes

Ten snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes were screened for polymorphism with 400 RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) primers. Polymorphic RAPDs were scored and classified into three categories based on ethidium bromide staining intensity. An average of 5.19 RAPD bands were scored per primer for the 364 primers that gave scorable amplification products. An average of 2.15 polymorphic RAPDs were detected per primer. The results show that primer screening may reduce the number of RAPD reactions required for the analysis of genetic relationships among snap-bean genotypes by over 60%. Based on the analysis of the distribution of RAPD amplification, the same number of polymorphic RAPDs were amplified from different genotypes for all RAPD band intensity levels. A comparison of RAPD band amplification frequency among genotypes for the three categories of bands classified by amplification strength revealed a measurable difference in the frequencies of RAPDs classified as faint (weakly amplifying) compared to RAPD bands classified as bold (strongly amplifying) indicating a possible scoring error due to the underscoring of faint bands. Correlation analysis showed that RAPD bands amplified by the same primer are not more closely correlated then RAPD bands amplified by different primers but are more highly correlated then expected by chance. Pairwise comparisons of RAPD bands indicate that the distribution of RAPD amplification among genotypes will be a useful criterion for establishing RAPD band identity. For the average pairwise comparison of genotypes, 50% of primers tested and 15.8% of all scored RAPDs detected polymorphism. Based on RAPD data Nei's average gene diversity at a locus was 0.158 based on all scorable RAPD bands and 0.388 if only polymorphic RAPD loci were considered. RAPD-derived 1 relationships among genotypes are reported for the ten genotypes included in this study. The data presented here demonstrate that many informative, polymorphic RAPDs can be found among snap bean cultivars. These RAPDs may be useful for the unique identification of bean varieties, the organization of bean germplasm, and applications of molecular markers to bean breeding.     

稗草致病菌——尖角突脐孢菌菌株RAPD指纹图谱的分析

以我国主要稻区的稗草植株上分离的17株尖角突脐孢菌菌株为试验材料,采用改良的SDS法提取其基因组DNA,并运用优化的RAPD分析体系对其进行了分子标记遗传差异研究。从25个随机引物中筛选出20个扩增效果好的引物,对全部试验材料进行了RAPD扩增,共得到239条有效带,其中多态性带229条（占95.8%）。依据扩增结果建立了17株尖角突脐孢菌基因型的DNA指纹图谱并对其进行了有效区分。根据RAPD分析结果计算了菌株间的遗传距离,分析了它们的遗传差异并进行了聚类分析,结果表明,RAPD分子标记技术是能够用于杂草致病菌资源的鉴定的,并可以进一步应用于特定性状的基因标记研究。     

新疆吐鲁番荒漠土壤绿藻的多样性分析

应用RAPD技术对吐鲁番地区火焰山及艾丁湖区域分离的15株土壤绿藻(chlorophyta)品系的遗传多样性及其亲缘关系进行探讨。结果表明:从20个随机引物中,筛选出多态性和重复性较好且谱带清晰的引物8个,这8个引物扩增出的DNA片段大多在300～2 000 bp之间,所形成的多态性位点数差距较大,显示该区域土壤绿藻具有较丰富的遗传多样性;15株土壤绿藻扩增共得到74条谱带,71条多态性带,其多态性比率为95.95%;聚类分析显示15株土壤绿藻明显地聚为2大类,与其来源相对应,即隶属于同一亚组或相近亚组的不同种基本归为一类,其种间关系与传统的形态学分类结果相吻合。     

Search for retroviral related DNA polymorphisms using RAPD PCR in schizophrenia

Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is widely used to detect polymorphisms in many organisms. Individual (or strain) specific amplified bands are generated with single or pairs of primers in PCR reactions and can serve as genetic markers. We have used this method to generate a large number of reproducible bands with single primers, random and retroviral related, on 92 human DNA samples. Theoretically, RAPD PCR presents a logical approach for assessing variability among individuals. We used ten retroviral related primers (12, 20 and 22 bp) and eight random primers (10 bp) to assess individual differences in the context of testing the retroviral hypothesis for schizophrenia. Three pairs of discordant monozygotic twins, four pairs of discordant full sibs and 53 schizophrenic individuals with 25 of their unrelated matched controls were analyzed. Ten of these primers resulted in a total of approx. 850 amplified bands (65-110 bands per primer). Almost all of these bands were identical among each individual analyzed. However, the results are inconclusive with respect to the retroviral hypothesis for schizophrenia. The general lack of RAPD polymorphism in this study may argue for mechanisms other than rearrangements such as inversions, associated with the evolution of the human genome.     

Optimization of primer screening for evaluation of genetic relationship in rose cultivars

Optimization of primer screening for evaluation of genetic relationship in 34 cultivars of rose through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers was investigated. Four series of decamer primers were used for screening and optimization of RAPD analysis between which A and N series performed good amplification of fragments as compared with other series. The primers OPN-07 and OPN-15 produced maximum number of DNA fragments in Rosa hybrida cv. Anuraag. Some primer either did not produce amplification or produced very poor amplification. Further, ten selected primers were used for genetic analysis of 34 rose cultivars. The primer OPN-15 amplified 21 fragments in all cultivars tested. A total of 162 distinct DNA fragments (bands) ranging from 100 to 3400 base pairs were amplified by using 10 selected random primers. The cluster analysis indicated that these rose cultivars formed nine clusters.     

莲藕品种DNA指纹图谱的绘制

采用RAPD技术对14个莲藕品种进行遗传多态性分析,用5个Operon引物和80个SBS的RAPD引物进行筛选,从中选出来自SBS的RAPD-C13和RAPD-D15扩增出的8条多态性条带,绘制了14个品种的DNA指纹图谱,在该图谱中每个品种均有各自特异的DNA指纹。     

Development of reliable PCR-based markers linked to downy mildew resistance genes in lettuce

Summary Sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs) were derived from eight random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to disease resistance genes in lettuce. SCARs are PCR-based markers that represent single, genetically defined loci that are identified by PCR amplification of genomic DNA with pairs of specific oligonucleotide primers; they may contain high-copy, dispersed genomic sequences within the amplified region. Amplified RAPD products were cloned and sequenced. The sequence was used to design 24-mer oligonucleotide primers for each end. All pairs of SCAR primers resulted in the amplification of single major bands the same size as the RAPD fragment cloned. Polymorphism was either retained as the presence or absence of amplification of the band or appeared as length polymorphisms that converted dominant RAPD loci into codominant SCAR markers. This study provided information on the molecular basis of RAPD markers. The amplified fragment contained no obvious repeated sequences beyond the primer sequence. Five out of eight pairs of SCAR primers amplified an alternate allele from both parents of the mapping population; therefore, the original RAPD polymorphism was likely due to mismatch at the primer sites.     

满天星试管苗与其玻璃化苗的RAPD指纹图谱分析

采用分离群体分组分析法(BSA),用100个随机引物对满天星的正常苗和玻璃化苗进行RAPD分析的结果表明,7个随机引物扩增出多态性差异条带。再用上述7个引物分别对试管苗及其玻璃化苗个体进行DNA的PCR扩增的结果显示,引物J20在2种苗中出现差异条带。     

云南黑籽南瓜种质遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR分析

摘要: 采用RAPD和ISSR分子标记技术对来源于云南省6个地州13份的黑籽南瓜种质进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明：6个RAPD和6个ISSR引物分别扩增出43条和41条带,多态性比率分别为90.70%和51.21%;RAPD和ISSR标记检测供试材的遗传相似性系数(Gs)范围,分别为0.340-0.895和0.162-0.941,ISSR(平均GS值0.698)检测多态性效果高于RAPD(平均GS值0.481)。RAPD标记聚类分析将供试种质分为3个类群5组;ISSR标记聚类分析将供试种质分为4个类群6组,RAPD和ISSR标记的遗传相似性系数呈显著相关(r=0.536)。基于UPGMA聚类结果,可为黑籽南瓜的引种栽培或品种改良提供参考。