微藻无菌化技术的研究进展

无菌纯藻是深入开展藻类生理学和遗传学研究的基础。目前已有涂布划线法,离心洗涤技术、稀释滤过技术、辐照技术、毛细吸管技术、抗生素技术、化学消毒技术、利用其他生理特性等技术用于微藻的纯化。拟介绍国内外近年来微藻无菌纯化技术的研究进展。     

中国蜘蛛染色体组型的研究进展

概述了蜘蛛染色体制片的6种方法：生殖巢切片法、精巢压片法、单胚滴片法、混合胚滴片法、血细胞制片法和单一胚胎压片法,并总结分析了蜘蛛目15科22属27种染色体核型。 Abstract:Six methods for making preparation of chromosomes of spiders,including gonad slice technique,testis squash technique,single embry drop technique,mix embryo-cells drop technique,blood cell drop technique and single embryo-cell squash technique,are summarized in this paper.The karyotypes of 27 species from 22 genus in15 families are analysed.     

免疫胶体金技术的应用及展望

免疫胶体金技术是继三大标记技术(荧光素、放射性同位素和酶)后发展起来的固相标记免疫测定技术。免疫胶体金标记技术是以胶体金作为示踪标志物,应用于抗原抗体反应的一种新型免疫标记技术。近年来,该技术在医学、动植物检疫、食品安全监督等各领域得到了日益广泛的应用。从胶体金技术的基本原理、制备方法、标记技术、应用现状及其优点等方面作一简要综述,并对该技术的发展前景作了展望。     

An evaluation of techniques for measuring yield turgor in excised Salix leaves

Abstract. The use of three techniques for determining yield turgor in excised Salix leaves was investigated. These were the osmotic-solutions technique, the psychrometer technique, and the pressure-chamber technique. The application of the osmotic-solutions technique to a range of leaf types was discussed and the appropriate corrections for volume changes and the contribution of apoplastic water were detailed. It was concluded that the osmotic-solutions technique is not satisfactory for use with slowly growing and/or very elastic leaves. The psychrometer and pressure-chamber techniques were both simple compared with the osmotic-solutions technique, and gave values for yield turgor in the range of 0·3–0·5 MPa. A disadvantage of the psychrometer technique for field applications is that it requires one psychrometer chamber per sample. The pressure-chamber technique was modified for use as a field technique where multiple sampling could be easily and inexpensively achieved. Particular care was required with this technique to prevent water loss from the leaf during stress relaxation, but simple and effective procedures for doing so were found. The modified pressure-chamber technique described here, is recommended as the preferred technique for measuring the yield turgor of leaves in experiments where many simultaneous estimates of yield turgor are to be made.     

A technique using reusable components for hand-infesting cornstalks with European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae

Field trials were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate the use of reusable wire nuts and nonreusable gelatin capsules for hand-infesting cornstalks with European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae. The reusable technique, which consists of a modified WingGard plastic wire connector (i.e., wire nut) as a containment device for larvae, was compared over three plant growth stages to a gelatin capsule technique. In 2005 and 2006, the wire nut technique resulted in significantly higher number of wire nuts still intact (i.e., undamaged, with or without a larva) on the stalk at 72 h after infestation compared with the gelatin capsule technique. In addition, the wire nut technique resulted in significantly higher number of tunnels per stalk compared with the gelatin capsule technique at all three corn growth stages during both years. In 2005, the mean +/- SEM number of tunnels per stalk was 0.53 +/- 0.03 in the wire nut technique compared with 0.13 +/- 0.03 tunnels per stalk in the gelatin capsule technique. In 2006, the mean number of tunnels per stalk was 0.45 +/- 0.03 in the wire nut technique compared with 0.08 +/- 0.02 tunnels per stalk in the gelatin capsule technique. In addition, the relative net precision in the wire-nut technique was approximately 2 times higher compared with the gelatin capsule technique.     

Modified mattress suture technique to correct anterior septal deviation

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a modified mattress suture technique in septal anterior deviation correction and to compare it with the Hinderer technique. This was a randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial. Fifty patients with anterior septal deviation were assigned to one of two surgery treatment groups: in group A, 25 patients underwent anterior septoplasty with modified mattress suture technique; and in group B, 25 patients underwent anterior septoplasty with the Hinderer technique. Subjective (oral respiration, epistaxis, rhinorrhea, and nasal obstruction) and objective (anterior rhinomanometry) parameters were analyzed and compared between groups. Better results in obstructive deflections were achieved with the modified mattress suture technique. Unilateral and total nasal resistances improved during the 6-month follow-up in patients who underwent anterior septoplasty with the modified mattress suture technique, and there was a significant difference in the values when compared with patients who underwent anterior septoplasty with rhinoplasty using the Hinderer technique (p = 0.003). The modified mattress suture technique had better subjective and objective results than rhinoplasty with the Hinderer technique and therefore could be considered as an alternative technique in anterior septal surgery.     

一种用于食草动物粪便显微组织分析的临时装片新技术

粪便显微组织分析法是研究食草动物食性的主要方法,其常规装片技术需要使用Hoyer's 装片介质对植物碎片进行封片,而Hoyer's 封片液的粘性易导致植物碎片在装片过程中发生卷曲和重叠,影响植物碎片的识别效果。本文提出的新装片技术采用没有粘性的饱和NaCl 溶液代替Hoyer's 装片介质,结合特定的定量取样方法和装片程序,可以有效地减少植物碎片的卷曲率和重叠率。对比试验显示,新装片技术可使植物碎片卷曲率从10.4% 下降至3.8%,重叠率从25% 下降至8.1% ,说明新装片技术在减少植物碎片卷曲和重叠方面明显优于常规装片方法。     

SCoT分子标记在割手密遗传图谱构建中的应用

本研究以割手密GXS85-30×GXS87-16的杂交后代为材料,应用目标起始密码子多态性(SCoT)分子标记对杂交后代进行杂种鉴定,获得由157个单株组成的F1杂种群,同时对比SCoT、AFLP和SSR分子标记在割手密基因组多态性分析和获得分离标记的效果,证实SCoT在扩增DNA多态性上优于SSR分子标记,在获取分离标记上优于AFLP分子标记,验证了SCoT分子标记技术在割手密遗传分析中的应用效果,为割手密遗传分析和遗传图谱构建提供了一种新型高效的目的基因分子标记技术。     

食用菌原生质体技术的研究进展

综述了食用菌原生质体再生、诱变、融合技术以及原生质体技术与其他生物技术相结合的研究进展,提出了在现有研究中存在的问题,并展望了原生质体技术的发展趋势.     

Application of wound dressing Molndal technique in clean and potentially contamined postoperative wounds--initial comparative study

Because of a possible delayed wound healing, critical colonization and infection of wounds present a problem for surgeons, particularly in patients with compromised immune system or in case where the wound is heavy contaminated or poorly perfused. Molndal technique of wound dressing has proven to be effective in prevention of infection. In our study we wanted to describe the benefits of the application of Molndal technique wound dressing compared to traditional wound dressing technique at potentially contaminated and clean postoperative wounds. We examined postoperative wound after radical excision of pilonidal sinus and after implantation of partial endoprosthesis in hip fracture. Molndal technique consisted of wound dressing with Aquacel Ag - Hydrofiber. Traditional technique was performed using gauze compresses and hypoallergic adhesives. We analyzed the results of 50 patients after radical excision of pilonidal sinus. 25 patients were treated by Molndal technique and 25 patients by the traditional technique of wound dressing. In the group treated by Molndal technique only 1 (4%) patient has revealed a wound infection, proven by positive microbiological examination and suppuration. In the traditional technique group 4 (16%) patients developed wound infection as inflammation and secretion as a sign of superficial infection. In the other group we analyzed the results of 50 patients after implantation of partial endoprosthesis after hip fracture. 20 patients were treated by Molndal technique and 30 patients by the traditional technique of wound dressing. In the group treated by Molndal technique no patient has revealed a wound infection (0%). In the traditional technique group 4 (13%) patients developed wound infection. All complication in both group were superficial incisional surgical infection (according to HPSC). There was no deep incisional surgical site infection or organ/space surgical site infection. Our results are clearly showing that Molndal technique is effective in preventing the postoperative wound infection.     

扩增片断长度多态性(AFLP)荧光标记和银染技术的比较分析

实验采用AFLP的荧光标记分析技术和常规的AFLP银染技术,对施用农药和未施用农药的狼蛛基因多态性进行分析.用4对引物扩增和银染法共检测出32条带,荧光标记技术共检测出223条带.荧光技术比银染方法在每个位点上多检测到24条带,检测效果更为理想,更适于进行遗传多样性分析和研究;对两种方法的费用和工作效率做了初步分析,AFLP荧光标记技术的检测效率是银染法的690倍,同时对AFLP荧光标记技术中低成本、高通量多重PCR体系的建立及Genescan软件数据分析中出现的一些具体问题进行了探讨.     

噬菌体展示系统及筛选技术研究进展

噬菌体展示技术是（Phage Display Techniques,PDT）一种将外源肽或蛋白基因与噬菌体特定蛋白基因在其表面进行融合表达的新技术。该技术已在生命科学的各个领域得到广泛应用,近几年,在展示系统及筛选方法这两个关键环节上有了长足进展,就这两方面做一综述。     

Densitometric analysis of dental implant placement between flapless technique and the two-stage technique--a pilot study

Flapless technique is a surgical approach of implant placement without raising a mucoperiosteal flap. Such approach has many advantages: shorter surgical treatment, minimal bleeding, postoperative discomfort for the patient is reduced; possibility of immediate loading of the inserted implant, faster procedure of implant placement and by that less time is needed for the complete implant-prosthetic restoration. Purpose of this pilot study was radiographic assessment of flapless technique and determination of its clinical values in comparison with two-stage dental implant technique through computerized densitometric analysis. The sample consisted of 10 patients with missing teeth in the premolar region in the upper jaw. An implant was placed in that position. In the first group of 5 patients the implants were inserted with the flapless technique, and in the other group of 5 patients implant insertion was done with a two-stage technique. All inserted implants were loaded with metal-ceramic crowns 3 months after placement. The patients were followed for 18 months through clinical follow-ups and radiovisiographical (RVG) images made after 3, 12 and 18 months. After comparing the average densities, the results showed similar decrease of density in both groups, conventional two-stage technique showed 3.24 and flapless technique 1.23. It can be concluded that flapless technique in everyday clinical usage has the same result as the two-stage dental implant technique.     

我国淡水养殖鱼类育种的实践和思考

用于鱼类育种的传统方法 ,如引种驯化、选种和杂交 ,虽然有其自身的局限性 ,但都是行之有效的 .自本世纪 70年代以来兴起的生物工程技术 ,已应用于鱼类育种 ,如细胞工程中的雌核发育、多倍体形成和性别控制等方面都取得了较好的成效 .80年代以来 ,基因工程技术也已用之于鱼类育种的研究中 ,并取得了一些成效 .实践证明 ,基因工程育种离生产尚有一定距离 .根据当前的实际 ,鱼类育种仍然离不开传统方法 ,应该是细胞工程和传统方法相结合 ,或是细胞工程和基因工程相结合 ,或是传统方法、细胞工程和基因工程相结合的综合技术育种     

Enhanced encapsulation of chondrocytes within a chitosan/hyaluronic acid hydrogel: a new technique

Two encapsulation techniques for rabbit chondrocytes in chitosan/hyaluronic acid gel have been compared. The standard technique involves the cross-linking of chitosan and hyaluronic acid at 2:1 (w/w). In the modified technique, cells were initially added to 33 % of hyaluronic acid dialdehyde and the gelation process was completed with the remaining 67 %. This minimised the cell loss and improved the encapsulation of the cells. By the third week, the modified technique showed better seeding density, with matrix synthesis (per scaffold) of 11 μg as compared to 1.1 μg in the current technique. Relative expression of collagen II with the current technique and the modified technique were 6.4 % and ~1,600 % respectively. The modified technique was superior for matrix synthesis and maintenance of phenotype.     

Application of wound closure Molndal technique after laparoscopic cholecystectomy--initial comparative study

Because of a possible delayed wound healing, critical colonization and infection of wounds present a problem for surgeons. Colonized and infected wounds are a potential source for cross-infection. Molndal technique of wound dressing has proven to be effective in prevention of infection. Also the wound heal better and faster. In our study we wanted to describe the benefits of the Molndal technique wound dressing after laparoscopic cholecistectomy compared to traditional wound dressing technique. Molndal technique consisted of wound dressing with Aquacel Ag--Hydrofiber (ConvaTec, Dublin, Ireland). Traditional technique was performed using gauze compresses and hypoallergic adhesives. We analyzed the results of 100 patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 50 patients were treated by Molndal technique and 50 patients by the traditional technique of wound dressing. In the group treated by Molndal technique only 1 (2%) patient has revealed a wound infection, proven by positive microbiological examination and suppuration, mostly in the subumbilical incision. In the traditional technique group 7 (14%) patients developed wound infection also predominantly in the subumbilical incision. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Our results are clearly showing that Molndal technique is effective in preventing the infection of subumbilical incision wound and is to by recommend for regular use at designated site after laparoscopic cholecistectomy.     

A simple technique for experimental hepatic vein catheterization in swine

Hepatic vein catheterization is a valuable technique in studies of hepatic physiology and metabolism. A new technique for hepatic vein catheterization in swine is described which avoids fluoroscopy, incision, or puncture of the hepatic parenchyma. Experience with this new technique in over 40 studies of young pigs has confirmed the reliability of the technique. Management of hepatic vein catheters after insertion and potential sources of error in hepatic venous sampling are discussed.     

An inertial and magnetic sensor based technique for joint angle measurement

This paper describes the design and evaluation of a miniature kinematic sensor based three dimensional (3D) joint angle measurement technique. The technique uses a combination of rate gyroscope, accelerometer and magnetometer sensor signals. The technique enables 3D inter-segment joint angle measurement and could be of benefit in a variety of applications which require monitoring of joint angles. The technique is not dependent on a fixed reference coordinate system and thus may be suitable for use in a dynamic system such as a moving vehicle. The technique was evaluated by applying it to joint angle measurement of the ankle joint. Experimental results show that accurate measurement of ankle joint angles is achieved by the technique during a variety of lower leg exercises including walking.     

藻类快速鉴定研究进展

综述了传统形态学方法和生物化学法、分子生物学法在藻类鉴定中的应用及其原理,系统阐述了以上方法的研究进展。在藻类鉴定中,生物化学法和分子生物学法是新兴技术,其中的分子鉴定技术,是根据物种的基因差异来定性分类物种,可以快速稳定地鉴定藻类。分子生物学法在水华藻类快速鉴定方面具有很大的发展潜力,有望得到广泛应用。