Nakamurella panacisegetis sp. nov. and proposal for reclassification of Humicoccus flavidus Yoon et al., 2007 and Saxeibacter lacteus Lee et al., 2008 as Nakamurella flavida comb. nov. and Nakamurella lactea comb. nov

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated P4-7(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field located in Geumsan County, Korea. Cells of the strain were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, short rods. The isolate contained MK-8(H(4)) as the predominant menaquinone, iso-C(16:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and anteiso-C(17:0) as the major fatty acids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids, glucose, mannose, xylose, ribose and rhamnose as whole-cell sugars, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain P4-7(T) belongs to the family Nakamurellaceae and is most closely related to Nakamurella multipartita, Humicoccus flavidus and Saxeibacter lacteus (96.3, 97.0 and 96.4% similarity to the respective type strains). Based on comparative analyses of the 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequences and chemotaxonomic data, it is proposed that H. flavidus and S. lacteus be transferred to the genus Nakamurella. Combined genotypic and phenotypic data also suggested that strain P4-7(T) be placed in a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella panacisegetis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is P4-7(T) (=KCTC 19426(T)=CECT 7604(T)).     

Transfer ofHaemophilus equigenitalis Taylor et al. 1978 to the genusTaylorella gen. nov. asTaylorella equigenitalis comb. nov.

The taxonomic position ofHaemophilus equigenitalis Taylor et al. 1978, the causative agent of contagious equine metritis, was studied in comparison with phenotypically similar organisms such asMoraxella, Legionella, and others.Haemophilus equigenitalis is a microaerophilic, Gram-negative, nonmotile, short rod; the mean base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid of this organism is 36.5±0.5 mol% G+C. It shows best growth on chocolate agar, but very poor or no growth on plain nutrient agar and blood agar, although it requires no X- or V-factors for the growth. It is positive in catalase, oxidase, phosphatase, and phosphoamidase tests, but very unreactive in other biochemical tests for routine use. It produces no acid from any carbohydrates nor glycosidase. Arylamidase activities of the organism to -naphtylamide derivatives of various amino acids, and di- and tripeptides were also compared with those of other taxa. The group of this organism was different from other known taxa in the numerical analysis of its phenotypic characteristics, DNA base composition, and DNA-DNA hybridization. These data indicate thatH. equigenitalis does not belong in the genusHaemophilus nor other known genera, but rather in a new genus. Therefore, we propose thatHaemophilus equigenitalis be reclassified in a new genusTaylorella asTaylorella equigenitalis.     

Actinomadura mexicana sp. nov. and Actinomadura meyerii sp. nov., two novel soil sporoactinomycetes

The taxonomic position of two soil isolates, strains A288(T) and A290(T) [provisionally assigned to the genus Actinomadura] was clarified in a polyphasic study. The organisms showed a combination of chemotaxonomic and morphological properties typical of actinomadurae. They also formed distinct phyletic lines in the 16S rRNA Actinomadura gene tree; strain A288(T) was associated with A. nitritigenes whereas strain A290(T) was closely related to a group that consisted of A. citrea, A. coerulea, A. glauciflava, A. luteofluorescens and A. verrucosospora. Strains A288(T) and A290(T) showed key phenotypic features which readily distinguish them from one another and from representatives of related validly described species of Actinomadura. It is proposed that the two organisms be classified as new species of the genus Actinomadura. The names proposed for the new taxa are Actinomadura mexicana (A290(T) = DSM 44485(T) = NRRL B-24203(T)), and Actinomadura meyerii (A288(T) = DSM 44485(T) = NRRL B-24203(T)).     

Pedobacter namyangjuensis sp. nov. isolated from soil and reclassification of Nubsella zeaxanthinifaciens Asker et al. 2008 as Pedobacter zeaxanthinifaciens comb. nov.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, strictly aerobic, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 5G38^T, was isolated from a field cultivated with Chinese cabbage in Korea. The strain grew at 5–40°C and at pH 6.0–8.0. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5G38^T represented a distinct lineage within the family Sphingobacteriaceae and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 95.2% with Pedobacter koreensis WPCB189^T, followed by Pedobacter agri PB92^T (94.6%), Pedobacter suwonensis 15–52^T (94.4%), Pedobacter rhizosphaerae 01–96^T (94.4%), Pedobacter sandarakinus DS-27^T (94.4%), and Nubsella zeaxanthinifaciens TDMA-5^T (94.3%). Strain 5G38^T formed monophyletic clade with Nubsella zeaxanthinifaciens in the cluster comprised of species of the genus Pedobacter. Chemotaxonomic characteristics of the novel strains, including DNA G+C content of genomic DNA (37.0 mol%), the predominant respiratory quinine (MK-7), and the major fatty acids which were iso-C_15:0, summed feature 3 (comprising C_16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH) and iso-C_17:0 3-OH, are similar to those of the genus Pedobacter. However, the novel strains can be distinguished from the other species of Pedobacter by physiological properties. The name Pedobacter namyangjuensis sp. nov. is therefore proposed for strain 5G38^T (KACC 13938^T =NBRC 107692^T) as the type strain. Furthermore, the reclassification of Nubsella zeaxanthinifaciens as Pedobacter zeaxanthinifaciens comb. nov. is proposed.     

New species, Actinomadura fulvescens sp. nov. and Actinomadura turkmeniaca sp. nov. and their antagonistic properties

Two new species of Actinomadura isolated from soil samples of the Turkmen SSR, i.e. Actinomadura fulvescens sp. nov. and Actinomadura turkmeniaca sp. nov. are described. The first species is characterized by formation of short (1-2 turns) spiral spore chains, smooth spores, scanty white aerial mycelium, colourless or yellowish substrate mycelium on synthetic media and brownish-yellow substrate mycelium and soluble pigment of the same colour on organic media. No melanoid pigment is secreted. The type culture is designated as INA 3321. The cultures of A. fulvescens show antibiotic activity. A. turkmeniaca is characterized by formation of short straight or spiral spore chains, smooth spores, scanty white aerial mycelium, substrate mycelium and soluble pigment of pinkish-violet colour, absence of melanoid pigment. The type culture is designated as INA 3344. The strains of this species have low antibiotic activity. The study on the use of carbon sources by the representatives of 7 species (9 strains) of Actinomadura showed that the majority of the cultures (5 species, 7 strains) produced no growth on the Pridham and Gottlieb medium (ISP-9) with various carbon sources, including glucose. Possibly this medium cannot be used as the main medium for investigation of the spectrum of carbohydrate consumption in Actinomadura.     

MLSA barcoding of Marichromatium spp. and reclassification of Marichromatium fluminis (Sucharita et al., 2010) as Phaeochromatium fluminis gen. nov. comb. nov

Thirty-one members of the genus Marichromatium were analysed based on multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of four concatenated protein-coding genes (fusA, pufM, dnaK, recA) along with the internal transcribed spacer (ITS; 16S-23S rRNA) region and 16S rRNA gene. The restriction patterns obtained from the in silico analysis of the concatenated sequences were good barcodes for the identification of Marichromatium spp. Distinct phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular differences allowed the separation of Marichromatium fluminis JA418(T) into a new genus in the family Chromatiaceae, for which we propose the name Phaeochromatium fluminis gen. nov. comb. nov.     

Filobasidium capsuligenum nov. comb.

Leucosporidium capsuligenum Fell et al. is classified in the genusFilobasidium Olive sinceTilletia-like basidia were discovered growing out from a dicaryotic mycelium with clamp connections. The speciesFilobasidium floriforme andFilobasidium capsuligenum are compared morphologically and physiologically. The author is indebted to Dr. G. Kraepelin who place the original culture, isolated from soil with dead leaves, to the disposal of the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, and to Dr. J. A. von Arx who provided him with the singlespore isolates.     

Proposal to replace the illegitimate genus name Prescottia Jones et al. 2013 with the genus name Prescottella gen. nov. and to replace the illegitimate combination Prescottia equi Jones et al. 2013 with Prescottella equi comb. nov

Recently we proposed that Rhodococcus equi (Magnusson 1923) Goodfellow and Alderson 1977 be transferred to a novel genus, Prescottia, as Prescottia equi comb. nov. However, in accordance with Principle 2 and Rule 51b(4) of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision), the bacterial genus name Prescottia Jones et al. 2013 is deemed illegitimate as this name has been used previously for a plant genus within the family Orchidaceae. Consequently, a new genus name, Prescottella gen. nov. is proposed for the bacterial taxon and a new combination Prescottella equi comb. nov. is proposed for the type species.     

Barbatosphaeria gen. et comb. nov., a new genus for Calosphaeria barbirostris

The new genus Barbatosphaeria is described for a perithecial ascomycete known as Calosphaeria barbirostris occurring on decayed wood of deciduous trees under the periderm. The fungus produces nonstromatic perithecia with hyaline, 1-septate ascospores formed in unitunicate, nonamyloid asci. Anamorphs produced in vitro belong to Sporothrix and Ramichloridium with holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenesis; conidiophores of the two types were formed in succession during the development of the colony. Phylogenetic analyses of nuLSU rDNA sequences indicate that this fungus is distinct from morphologically similar Lentomitella, tentatively placed in the Trichosphaeriales. It groups with freshwater Aquaticola and Cataractispora and terrestrial Cryptadelphia in maximum parsimony analysis; the same grouping but without Cryptadelphia was inferred from Bayesian analysis. Cultivation, morphology and phylogenetic studies of the nuLSU rDNA support the erection of a new genus for C. barbirostris.     

Two new species of the genus Micromonospora: Micromonospora chokoriensis sp. nov. and Micromonospora coxensis sp. nov., isolated from sandy soil

Two actinomycete strains, 2-19(6)(T) and 2-30-b(28)(T), which produced single, non-motile noduler to warty spore surfaces, were isolated from sandy soil in Chokoria, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. A polyphasic study was carried out to establish the taxonomic position of these strains. Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these strains coincided with those of the genus Micromonospora. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequences indicated that these strains should be classified in the genus Micromonospora. The 16S rDNA sequence of strain 2-19(6)(T )showed closest similarity to the type strains of M. mirobrigensis (98.9%) and M. carbonacea (98.8%), and the strain 2-30-b(28)(T) to the type strains of M. purpureochromogenes (99.4%), M. halophytica (99.3%) and M. aurantiaca (99.2%). Furthermore, a combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and some differential physiological and biochemical properties indicated that these strains were distinguished from the phylogenetically closest relatives. These strains therefore represent two novel species, for which the name Micromonospora chokoriensis sp. nov. and Micromonospora coxensis sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are 2-19(6)(T) (=JCM 13247(T) =MTCC 8535(T)) and 2-30-b(28)(T) (=JCM 13248(T)=MTCC 8093(T)).     

Vulcaniibacterium tengchongense gen. nov., sp. nov. isolated from a geothermally heated soil sample, and reclassification of Lysobacter thermophilus Wei et al. 2012 as Vulcaniibacterium thermophilum comb. nov.

A thermotolerant Gram-staining negative and aerobic bacterium, designated strain YIM 77520^T, was isolated from a geothermally heated soil sample collected at Rehai National Park, Tengchong, Yunnan Province, South-West China. Cells of the strain were found to be rod-shaped and colonies were light beige and circular. The strain was found to grow in the presence of 0–2 % (w/v) total salts (optimum, 0 %), at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 25–55 °C (optimum, 45 °C). The only quinone detected was Q-8 and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 66.9 mol%. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were identified as iso-C_16:0 and iso-C_15:0. The phospholipids were found to consist of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and three aminophospholipids. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain YIM 77520^T was found to form a cluster with Lysobacter thermophilus YIM 77875^T and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to L. thermophilus YIM 77875^T (96.0 %). These two strains formed a distinct lineage of the family ‘Xanthomonadaceae’. On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, as well as genotypic data, a new genus, Vulcaniibacterium gen. nov. is proposed with Vulcaniibacterium tengchongense sp. nov. as the type species. The type strain of V. tengchongense sp. nov. is strain YIM 77520^T (=DSM 25623^T = CCTCC AB 2011152^T). Furthermore we propose that L. thermophilus Wei et al. 2012 is reclassified in the new genus as Vulcaniibacterium thermophilum comb. nov. (type strain YIM 77875^T = CCTCC AB 2012064^T = KCTC 32020^T) based on polyphasic data.     

Actinomadura fibrosa sp. nov. isolated from soil

A new species of the genus Actinomadura which belongs to the Actinomadura madurae group of Goodfellow et al. was isolated from soil collected in Togo, West Africa. Traditional taxonomic methods plus contemporary fatty acid analysis techniques were used to establish the position of this species. Both physiological characteristics and fatty acid composition differentiate this strain from previously described species. This culture produces a new polyether antibiotic. It is characterized by the production of white to pink aerial hyphae on a limited number of media. The aerial hyphae appear asporogenous, forming thick fibers and projections instead of true spores. The reverse side is a distinctive reddish orange. This organism is resistant to 5% NaCl and grows at temperatures between 20 and 45 degrees C. Whole cells contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose, glucose, mannose, madurose, phosphatidylinositol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. The menaquinones detected were MK-9(H6) and minor amounts of MK-9(H8). The name proposed for this new species is Actinomadura fibrosa; the type strain is strain NRRL 18348.     

Erythrodecton kurzii, comb. nov.

Chiodecton kurzii is referred to the genus Erythrodecton. E. kurzii i widely distributed in Asia and Australia but only known from very few localities. It is corticolous in open, rather dry tropical rain-forests.     

Phylogenetic analysis of Alysiella and related genera of Neisseriaceae: proposal of Alysiella crassa comb. nov., Conchiformibium steedae gen. nov., comb. nov., Conchiformibium kuhniae sp. nov. and Bergeriella denitrificans gen. nov., comb. nov

A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences reveals that Alysiella filiformis belongs to the family Neisseriaceae. The genus Simonsiella is phylogenetically separated by the genera Kingella and Neisseria. The species Simonsiella crassa and A. filiformis show a close phylogenetic relationship, with the 16S rDNA sequence similarity and the DNA-DNA hybridization representing 98.7% and 35%, respectively. Therefore, S. crassa should be transferred from the genus Simonsiella to the genus Alysiella as Alysiella crassa comb. nov. Simonsiella steedae and Simonsiella sp. of cat origin show strong genetic affinities and are distantly related with the type species of Simonsiella, S. mulleri. Thus, a new genus, Conchiformibium is proposed; Conchiformibium steedae comb. nov. and Conchiformibium kuhniae sp. nov. are accommodated in this new genus. On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic distinction from the genus Neisseria, N. denitrificans should be reclassified, for which a new genus and new combination Bergeriella denitrificans are proposed.