Pilonidal Disease—A Surgical Enigma

A retrospective review of 72 patients with pilonidal disease was conducted in order to examine current methods of treatment and establish certain guiding principles for success. The criteria for diagnosis included a pit of variable depth lined by epithelium or granulation tissue containing hair or from which hair had been extracted. A study of these patients suggested the possibility of a dual etiology for pilonidal disease, either congenital or acquired, acting singly or in combination. Management will be influenced by the surgeon''s concept of origin in each case. These 72 patients who underwent a total of 116 operations were divided into two groups: (1) unifected sinuses and cysts, (2) infected and recurring cysts. The results of various operative procedures in both these groups indicate a higher probability of success when wide excision and open healing is employed.     

Outpatient treatment of pilonidal disease.

In pilonidal disease there are recurrent painful draining intergluteal abscesses that require surgical treatment. Many types of treatment have been suggested for this condition. On the basis of our experience, as described below, we propose that pilonidal disease can be successfully treated on an outpatient basis with local anesthesia, minimal excision, marsupialization and packing.     

Silicone foam sponge for pilonidal sinus: a new technique for dressing open granulating wounds.

A silicone foam sponge has been used to replace the daily packing of deep granulating wounds with moist sterile gauze. In the treatment of pilonidal sinus use of the sponge demands less nursing time and is more comfortable for the patient than the excision and open granulation technique. Patients can usually return to work soon after operation. The method has many applications in surgery, and widespread application of the technique to the management of granulating wounds could result in considerable savings to the NHS in money and skilled nursing time.     

Healing by primary closure versus open healing after surgery for pilonidal sinus: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective To determine the relative effects of open healing compared with primary closure for pilonidal sinus and optimal closure method (midline v off-midline).Design Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials.Data sources Cochrane register of controlled trials, Cochrane Wounds Group specialised trials register, Medline (1950-2007), Embase, and CINAHL bibliographic databases, without language restrictions.Data extraction Primary outcomes were time (days) to healing, surgical site infection, and recurrence rate. Secondary outcomes were time to return to work, other complications and morbidity, cost, length of hospital stay, and wound healing rate.Study selection Randomised controlled trials evaluating surgical treatment of pilonidal sinus in patients aged 14 years or more. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers and assessed for quality. Meta-analyses used fixed and random effects models, dichotomous data were reported as relative risks or Peto odds ratios and continuous data are given as mean differences; all with 95% confidence intervals.Results 18 trials (n=1573) were included. 12 trials compared open healing with primary closure. Time to healing was quicker after primary closure although data were unsuitable for aggregation. Rates of surgical site infection did not differ; recurrence was less likely to occur after open healing (relative risk 0.42, 0.26 to 0.66). 14 patients would require their wound to heal by open healing to prevent one recurrence. Six trials compared surgical closure methods (midline v off-midline). Wounds took longer to heal after midline closure than after off-midline closure (mean difference 5.4 days, 95% confidence interval 2.3 to 8.5), rate of infection was higher (relative risk 4.70, 95% confidence interval 1.93 to 11.45), and risk of recurrence higher (Peto odds ratio 4.95, 95% confidence interval 2.18 to 11.24). Nine patients would need to be treated by an off-midline procedure to prevent one surgical site infection and 11 would need to be treated to prevent one recurrence.Conclusions Wounds heal more quickly after primary closure than after open healing but at the expense of increased risk of recurrence. Benefits were clearly shown with off-midline closure compared with midline closure. Off-midline closure should become standard management for pilonidal sinus when closure is the desired surgical option.     

吸烟对老年克罗恩病的影响

目的探讨吸烟对老年人克罗恩病的影响。方法回顾性分析1995年1月～2011年8月在我院住院的老年克罗恩病患者87例的临床资料,分为吸烟组及无烟组,比较两组并发症（肠梗阻、肠穿孔）发生率、手术治疗率及复发率。结果吸烟组并发症的发生率、手术治疗率、复发率均明显高于无烟组。结论吸烟可增加老年克罗恩病患者并发症、手术治疗及复发的风险,建议老年克罗恩病患者戒烟是必要的。     

Cryolumpectomy for breast cancer: an experimental study

The effects of cryosurgical procedures and surgical excision in preventing the local recurrence of mammary adenocarcinoma were studied in BALB/cfC3H mice carrying syngeneic, virus-induced mammary adenocarcinomas transplanted into the fourth mammary fat pad. In this report we present evidence demonstrating that cryosurgical procedures involving multiple freeze-thaw cycles followed by tumor excision markedly reduce the local recurrence rate of mouse mammary cancer. Surgical resection without cryotreatment resulted in an 80% local recurrence rate; in contrast, cryotreatment consisting of three freeze-thaw cycles before excision prevented local tumor recurrence in 70% of the animals. The use of cryotherapy and local excision (cryolumpectomy) in the treatment of human breast cancer is discussed.     

老年翼状胬肉患者翼状胬肉切除与角膜缘干细胞移植联合治疗的疗效观察

摘要 目的：分析评估老年翼状胬肉患者实施翼状胬肉切除与角膜缘干细胞移植联合治疗的临床效果。方法：回顾性纳入的本院2018年08月至2020年07月期间295例翼状胬肉患者（共442只眼）的临床资料,根据术式差异将患者分为联合组（150例,共224只眼）和参照组（145例,共218只眼）,参照组病患仅择取翼状胬肉切除手术,联合组病患于以上基础实施角膜缘干细胞移植术,比较两组病患术前及术后各时间点（1周、1个月、3个月）的BUT、SIt、UCVA、CAD、CAA,统计病患术后3个月的复发情况。结果：两组BUT在术后1周较术前显著缩短（P<0.05）,而在术后1月和3月较术前显著延长（P<0.05）,两组BUT在术后1周对比差别明显（P<0.05）,而其他时间点对比没有明显差别（P>0.05）。两组术前术后SIt对比没有明显差别（P>0.05）,术后1月和3月的两组UCVA均高于术前（P<0.05）,而两组在各时间点UCVA对比没有明显差别（P>0.05）,两组术后各时间点的角膜CAD较术前显著性降低（P<0.05）,而两组角膜CAD在各时间点无明显差别（P>0.05）。两组术后CAA术后3月与术前比较,WR比例显著降低,AR、OA比例显著增加（P<0.05）,而组间对比没有明显差别（P>0.05）。术后复发率联合组（6.67%）与参照组（32.26%）对比有明显差别（P<0.05）。结论：与翼状胬肉切除术比较 ,老年翼状胬肉病患实施翼状胬肉切除与角膜缘干细胞移植术联合治疗对患者早期眼表无较大影响,两种术式均不影响泪液分泌,且能够改善裸眼视力、散光度及轴向,但联合治疗在降低术后复发率方面优势明显。     

直肠系膜切除术对直肠癌根治术后局部复发患者MMPs、CEA、CA199及生存率的影响

目的:探讨直肠系膜切除术对直肠癌根治术后局部复发患者血清基质金属蛋白酶、肿瘤标志物(CEA、CA199)及生存率的影响。方法:收集直肠原发癌位于直肠中下段的病例,行直肠癌根治术复发再入院患者48例(均为本院2010年4月-2014年3月手术后的病例),按照手术方式的不同分为2组,分别24例。对照组采用姑息性手术治疗,研究组采用直肠系膜切除术治疗,采用ELISA法测定血清MMP-2、MMP-9、CEA、CA199水平,记录所有患者术后并发症状况,术后进行随访时间为3年,比较两组1年、3年的生存率状况。结果:对照组在手术时间、出血量、住院时间上高于研究组,(P0.05);对照组在肛门排气时间上低于研究组,(P0.05);与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗2周后MMP-2、MMP-9表达水平降低,治疗2周后血清CEA、CA199表达水平降低(P0.05);与对照组比较,研究组患者治疗2周后MMP-2、MMP-9表达水平较低,治疗2周后血清CEA、CA199表达水平较低(P0.05);两组患者治疗期间并发症无差异(P0.05);两组间术后1年生存率,无差异(P0.05);研究组术后3年生存率(66.67%)高于对照组(37.50%),(P0.05)。结论:直肠系膜切除术可提高直肠癌根治术后局部复发患者的长期生存率,降低血清MMP-2、MMP-9、CEA、CA199水平,安全性高,值得广泛推广。     

Sacral adipofascial turn-over flap for the excisional defect of pilonidal sinus.

The aim of pilonidal sinus surgery includes complete resection of the lesion and filling of the resultant soft-tissue defect by some means; this has a major influence on whether a lesion will occur after surgical treatment. The creation of a sacral adipofascial turn-over flap for the excisional defect has been performed in seven cases of pilonidal sinus since November of 1992. During the postoperative follow-up period, which ranged from 10 months to 7 years 11 months (mean duration, 5 years 2 months), partial dehiscence of the wound as a result of fatlysis was observed and treated conservatively in one case; however, primary healing was obtained in the other cases. No recurrence was seen in any of the seven cases. This procedure is not indicated in patients in whom wide skin resection is required because of the excessive tension associated with skin closure in such cases. However, the method is convenient, less invasive, and reliable, and therefore considered to be useful in the treatment of pilonidal sinus.     

Treatment of keloids by surgical excision and immediate postoperative single-fraction radiotherapy

The authors report the outcomes of patients with keloid scars treated with a protocol of extralesional excision and immediate single-fraction adjuvant radiotherapy. The design of the study was a retrospective analysis with up to 5-year outcome data. The setting was a single treatment team, University Teaching Hospital in London, United Kingdom. Participants (n = 80) were treated for 80 keloid scars (59 percent female patients, 76 percent nonwhite), and 44 percent of keloids were located on earlobes. For all patients, prior treatment without radiotherapy had failed. The salvage treatment reported in this article is combined extralesional excision and immediate postoperative external-beam radiotherapy. A 10-Gy dose of superficial 60-kV or 100-kV photon irradiation was given within 24 hours of the operation. The main outcome measure was freedom from recurrence of keloid scars. Results were that all keloid scars were controlled at 4-week follow-up. Probability of relapse at 1 year was 9 percent; at 5 years, probability of relapse was 16 percent. The earlobe showed no greater chance of relapse than other sites on the body. The authors' report shows that extralesional excision of keloid followed by early, single-fraction, postoperative radiotherapy is both simple and effective in preventing recurrence at excision sites.     

冷冻球囊消融术与射频导管消融术治疗阵发性心房颤动的疗效比较及术后1年复发的危险因素探讨

摘要 目的：对比冷冻球囊消融术（CBA）与射频导管消融术（RFCA）治疗阵发性心房颤动（AF）的疗效,并探讨术后1年复发的危险因素。方法：选择2019年2月～2021年2月期间我院收治的阵发性AF患者100例,根据手术方案的不同将患者分为A组（n=48,RFCA）和B组（n=52,CBA）。对比两组手术相关指标、并发症发生率和术后1年复发率情况。根据是否复发将所有患者分为复发组和无复发组,多因素Logistic回归分析术后1年复发的危险因素。结果：B组的手术时间、消融时间、X线曝光时间短于A组（P<0.05）。B组的并发症总发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组复发率组间对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。单因素分析显示,阵发性AF患者术后1年复发与B型利钠肽（BNP）、年龄、白细胞计数（WBC）、体质量指数、肌酐（Cr）、合并高血压、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、合并糖尿病、左心房内径（LAD）、合并冠心病、病程、尿酸、心电图f波类型有关（P<0.05）。多因素分析结果显示：病程偏长、尿酸偏高、LAD偏大、年龄偏大、hs-CRP偏高、心电图f波类型为细波、BNP偏高是阵发性AF患者术后1年复发的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：CBA与RFCA治疗阵发性AF,均可获得较好的疗效,CBA在改善患者手术情况及安全性方面的效果较好。阵发性AF患者术后1年的复发率较高,病程、尿酸、LAD、年龄、hs-CRP、BNP、心电图f波类型均是其影响因素。     

手辅助腹腔镜在肛门全直肠系膜切除术治疗中低位直肠癌中的应用价值

目的:探讨手辅助腹腔镜在肛门全直肠系膜切除术(TaTME)治疗中低位直肠癌中的应用价值。方法:选取2014年5月至2016年9月期间在广州市红十字会医院接受TaTME术治疗的中低位直肠癌患者130例为研究对象,根据数字表法将其随机分为研究组和对照组,其中研究组(60例)患者行手辅助腹腔镜下TaTME术治疗,对照组(70例)行腹腔镜下TaTME术治疗。比较两组手术时间、淋巴结清扫数目、术中出血量、保肛率、住院时间、切口愈合时间、首次下床活动时间,并比较两组术后并发症发生率、远期复发率及死亡率。结果:研究组术中出血量、手术时间较对照组减少(P<0.05),而保肛率、淋巴结清扫数目两组比较无差异(P>0.05)。研究组首次下床活动时间、切口愈合时间较对照组缩短(P<0.05),而术后住院时间两组比较无差异(P>0.05)。研究组术后出现切口感染、吻合口瘘、尿道感染、盆腔脓肿及肠梗阻等并发症发生率为3.33%(2/60),少于对照组的10.00%(7/70),但两组比较无差异(P>0.05)。术后4年内,研究组总复发率和总死亡率与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:中低位直肠癌患者行TaTME术治疗,运用手辅助腹腔镜可明显缩短手术时间,减少术中出血,尽快促进切口愈合,且术后并发症发生率、远期复发率及死亡率较低,实用性高,值得推广应用。     

单孔胸腔镜肺大疱切除术治疗自发性气胸的疗效及中期随访研究

为了探讨单孔胸腔镜肺大疱切除术在自发性气胸中的治疗效果及安全性,本研究选取自发性气胸患者70例,根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=35)与研究组(n=35)。研究组采取单孔胸腔镜肺大疱切除术,对照组采取双孔胸腔镜肺大疱切除术。统计两组手术情况(手术时长,术中失血量,术后引流量,留置引流管时间,住院时间)、术后(术后即刻,术后12 h,术后24 h)疼痛程度(VAS)分值、并发症发生率,随访6~12个月,统计两组疾病复发率。研究显示,研究组手术时长与对照组间无明显差异(p>0.05),研究组术中失血量、术后引流量少于对照组,留置引流管时间及住院时间短于对照组(p<0.05);术后即刻两组VAS分值间无明显差异(p>0.05),研究组在术后12 h及24 h的VAS分值低于对照组(p<0.05);研究组并发症发生率(5.71%)与对照组(8.57%)间无明显差异(p>0.05);研究组在术后6个月、9个月、12个月的疾病复发率(2.86%,8.57%,11.43%)与对照组(5.71%,14.29%,17.14%)比较无明显差异(p>0.05)。本研究表明,采取单孔胸腔镜肺大疱切除术治疗自发性气胸,可减少手术创伤,缩短术后康复及住院时间,减轻疼痛程度,且并发症发生率及疾病复发率较低。     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip

We reviewed 117 consecutive patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lip. The retrospective review includes age, race, location, risk factors, TNM classification, histologic differentiation, treatment methods, recurrent disease, site of recurrence, and follow-up status. Results reveal prognosis is related to original tumor size, location, local recurrence, histologic grade, and presence of cervical metastasis. The presence of cervical lymph node disease reduces the survival from 90 to 50 percent; the survival after recurrent disease to the neck is 10 percent. When a prophylactic suprahyoid neck dissection shows involvement with tumor, 83 percent of patients have metastasis to cervical lymph nodes. The overall recurrence rate is 20 percent. Over 60 percent of the recurrent disease is due to tumors less than 4 cm in diameter. The local recurrence rate is 7 percent, but reexcision of the local recurrence gives a 75 percent cure rate. Aggressive surgical treatment is recommended for identifiably poor prognostic lesions and includes surgical excision, prophylactic suprahyoid neck dissection, and possible radical neck dissection.     

The carbon dioxide laser: an alternative surgery technique for the treatment of common cutaneous tumors in dogs

Background

Tumors of the skin and subcutaneous tissue are the largest group of canine neoplasms. Total excision is still the most effective method for treatment of these skin tumors. For its universal properties the carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser appears to be an excellent surgical instrument in veterinary surgery. Laser techniques are alternatives to traditional methods for the surgical management of tumors. The aim of this study was to compare various types of laser techniques in skin oncologic surgery: excision, ablation and mixed technique and to suggest which technique of CO₂ laser procedure is the most useful in particular case of tumors in dogs.

Findings

The study was performed on 38 privately-owned dogs with total number of 40 skin tumors of different type removed by various CO₂ laser operation techniques from 2010–2013. The treatment effect was based on the surgical wound evaluation, the relative time of healing and possible local recurrence of the tumor after 3 months post surgery. Local recurrence was observed in two cases. The study showed that in 30 cases time needed for complete resection of lesions was less than 10 minutes. Time of healing was longer than 12 days in 6 cases (42.8%) with tumor excision and in 14 cases (87.5%) where excision with ablation technique was performed.

Conclusions

The advantages of the CO₂ laser surgery were better hemostasis, precision of working, non-contact dissection, less instruments at the site of operation and minimum traumatization of the surrounding tissues.     

Hydatid disease of the parotid gland: a rare case report

A 40-year-old female suffering from hydatid disease located in the parotid gland is presented. Although Greece remains an endemic area for echinococcosis, this presentation of the disease is rare. Total excision of the cyst with partial parotidectomy was performed. The patient refused to receive general anesthesia and the operation was carried out under local anesthesia. Perioperative adjuvant medical therapy with albendazole was administered. In a two-year follow-up no recurrence has occurred.     

经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效及术后复发的影响因素分析

目的:探讨经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)的临床疗效,分析术后复发的影响因素.方法:选取我院于2017年2月～2019年12月期间收治的LDH患者230例,均给予经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术治疗,观察其疗效、不同时间点视觉疼痛模拟评分量表(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分及并发症.记...     

原发性腹膜后副神经节瘤临床诊疗分析

目的:探讨原发性腹膜后副神经节瘤的手术治疗效果,复发及死亡的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析1985年1月至2015年1月30年间于我院治疗的91例原发性腹膜后副神经节瘤的手术患者的临床资料,统计学方法分析腹原发性腹膜后副神经节瘤手术的治疗效果,预后及复发和死亡的相关因素。结果:77例原发性腹膜后良性副神经节瘤患者,l、3、5年总生存率均为98.5%,复发率分别为2%,4.5%,16%。手术根治度与复发相关(X~2=10.368,P=0.01),手术未完整切除复发率高。性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、肿瘤直径与复发无关(P0.05)。14例原发性腹膜后恶性副神经节瘤患者,1、3、5年总生存率分别为78.5%、50%,41.5%。14例恶性副神经节瘤复发率分别为71%,85%,100%。肿瘤级别与腹膜后恶性副神经节瘤预后(X~2=5.536,P=0.019)和复发相关(X~2=5.734,P=0.017),肿瘤级别低,死亡率高,复发率高;远处转移与复发相关(X~2=4.067,P=0.044),远处转移患者复发率高;性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、肿瘤直径、手术根治度与预后及复发无关(P0.05)。结论:良性腹膜后副神经节瘤患者预后较好,手术根治度与复发相关,根治性手术是其主要治疗方式;恶性副神经节瘤预后差,肿瘤分级与其复发及死亡相关,肿瘤分级低复发及死亡率高,远处转移与复发相关,远处转移患者复发率高。     

翼状胬肉切除联合自体角膜缘干细胞移植术治疗翼状胬肉的临床疗效分析

目的:研究翼状胬肉切除术联合自体角膜缘干细胞移植治疗翼状胬肉的临床效果。方法:将2010年3月-2015年3月本院收治的105例翼状胬肉患者随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组患者53例,行翼状胬肉切除术联合自体角膜缘干细胞移植;对照组患者50例,行单纯翼状胬肉切除术。比较两组患者手术一般资料、手术前后视力水平、散光程度以及术后3个月和6个月的复发率。结果:术后,观察组角膜上皮修复时间、不适症状持续时间、住院时间均短于对照组;术后视力恢复情况、散光改善程度优于对照组;术后3个月和6个月治愈率显著高于对照组;而观察组术后并发率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:翼状胬肉切除术联合自体角膜缘干细胞移植疗效显著、术后复发率低。