日本扁柏核基因组微卫星的分离与鉴定

以日本扁柏4个种源的DNA样品为材料,经NdeⅡ酶切并电泳后回收300～1000bp DNA片段,与含有生物素标记的(CT)15探针杂交,再用磁珠(Dynabeads M280 streptavitin beads)固定杂交产物,成功地实现了日本扁柏核基因组微卫星的高效分离。以pUC118 BamH Ⅰ／BAP为载体,E．coli如为寄主,构建了日本扁柏2个富含微卫星的基因组文库,共获得2200多个阳性克隆。从构建的基因组文库中,随机挑选480个阳性克隆进行测序,发现含有微卫星的克隆比例高达65．6％,其中215个非同源性克隆共含有380个微卫星位点,平均每个克隆含1．7个。微卫星种类以与探针(CT)15互补的(GA／CT)。为主,占86．1％,同时还存在(TG／AC)。和3～4个碱基为单元构成的微卫星,如(ATAG)n、(CAGA)n、(TGA)n、(ACG)n、(TCA)n、(TCT)n等。利用Oligo5．1软件为114个含有微卫星的克隆共128个微卫星位点设计出了PCR扩增引物。     

泰和乌骨鸡肌肉氨基酸营养价值的研究

泰和乌骨鸡肌肉含有18种氨基酸,总量为20.63%,其中8种人体必须氨基酸总量为8.30%,4种鲜味氨基酸总量为8.96%。必须氨基酸在总氨基酸中所占的百分比高于WHO/FAO模式,必须氨基酸的构成比例基本符合WHO/FAO标准     

杂种猪染色体的核型与显带研究

应用常规方法获得了杂种猪( 野猪（♂）×家猪（♀）)的核型、C带和174条带纹的G带,应用微量秋水仙素法得到了258条带纹的高分辨G带。结果表明,杂种猪的二倍体细胞染色体数目2n=38,C带具有多态性,G带和高分辨G带与家猪相比无明显差异,它们属于同一种。 Abstract:Using usual method,we got karyotype of hybrid pig (wild soar（♂）×domestic pig（♀）),C-band and approximate 174 bands of G-band,and we also obtained approximate 258 bands of high resolution G-band by micro-Colchicin method.The result indicate that the diploid chromosome number is 2n=38;there is polymorphism in C-band,and compared with domestic pig in G-band and high resolution G-band there is no distinguish difference.They belong to the same seed.     

赤链蛇染色体组型、C带和Ag-NORs的研究

以骨髓细胞为材料研究赤链蛇的染色体,结果表明该物种2n=46,由8对大型的和15对微小的染色体组成,AF=50.性染色体的大小介于3号和4号之间,为ZW型;8对大型染色体均显示着丝粒C带,1-6号还显示浅染端粒C带.W染色体为整条C带阳性;该物种一对NOR位于7号染色体近着丝粒区.不同地理分布群赤链蛇核型可能经历过Z与W染色体不等交换。 Abstract:The Karyotype,C-bands and Ag-NORs of Dinodon rufozonaturn (Cantor) reported is in this paper including the diploid number(2n=46)comprising 8 pairs of macro-and 15 pairs of microchromosomes,and AF=50 in the D.rufozonatum.The sex chromosome in size locates between the autochromosones No.3 and No.4,which belongs to ZW type.The C-banding technique revealed that the all macrochromosomes there are centromerc C band,the telomeric C band was only observed in Nos.1~6,while a whole W chromosome is constitutive heterochromatinization.Two NOR were observed on the pericentric of the No.7 chromosome.     

准噶尔雅罗鱼染色体核型及带型的初步研究

以肾细胞作材料,采用秋水仙素-低渗-空气干燥法、Ag-NORs、C-带和G-带显带技术对准噶尔雅罗鱼(Leuciscus merzbacheri)染色体进行了研究。结果表明:(1)准噶尔雅罗鱼2n=50,核型组成为18m+14sm+6st+12t,NF=82,没有异型性染色体分化。(2)Ag-NORs的数目在不同的细胞中表现出多态性,数目为1～2个,出现1个Ag-NORs的频率最低(10%),出现2个的频率最高(70%);Ag-NORs主要出现在m1对和m4对同源染色体上;未发现有Ag-NORs联合的现象。(3)准噶尔雅罗鱼的染色体均呈现C-带阳性,可分为着丝粒C-带和端粒C-带。(4)同源染色体上G-带带纹基本一致,其带纹在每对染色体上的数目及分布具有明显特征性。     

福建大头蛙的核型及带型分析

利用骨髓细胞蒸气固定法制备染色体标本,研究了福建大头蛙(Limnonectesfujianensis)黄山居群的核型、C 带和Ag NORs。结果表明,福建大头蛙核型为2n =2 2 =2 0M 2SM ,NF =44,次缢痕位于No 1 0q ;各染色体均有着丝粒C 带,3p、9q出现插入型C 带;Ag NORs位于1 0q。     

黄颡鱼染色体的C-带、Ag-NORs、荧光带和复制带显带的研究

采用Giemas染色、C-带、Ag-NORs、荧光染色和复制带显带的技术对黄颡鱼染色体进行了研究。结果表明, 黄颡鱼只有部分的染色体呈现阳性C-带, 可分为三类, 其中NORs区是染色最深、染色面积最大的区域, 为深染居间C-带。其Ag-NORs位于m5q末端。CMA3染色显示 NORs区呈现出明亮的荧光。中复制染色体上着丝粒区、端粒区和居间区浅染。发现核仁缢痕、深染居间C-带、Ag-NORs、CMA3明亮区和中复制带浅染NORs区位置基本一致, C-带阳性区和中复制带浅染区具有对应性。 Abstract　Metaphase chromosomes of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were analyzed by means of Giemsa staining, C-banding, Ag-NORs, fluorochrome staining and replication banding. Only parts of chromosomes showed C-band positive, the C-band heterochromatin was located in three regions. The NORs-bearing chromosomes had the largest and strongest C-bands. The long arms of chromosome pair 5 were the regions showing positive labeling with Ag-staining. Fluorochrome CMA3positively stained the NORs. In mid-period, negative replication bands were located in the centromere, the terminal and interstitial regions of the chromosomes. The distributions of secondary ?constri-ctions, positive C-bands, Ag-NORs, positive fluorescence bands and negative replication bands of mid-period were coincident.     

家燕与金腰燕染色体的比较研究

本文对家燕和金腰燕的核型、C带和Ag-NORs带进行了比较研究。结果表明,两者的核型基本一致。核型公式:2n=80=2M+4ST+zMwSM+2M+2ST+2SM+8 T+2M+56mT/D。但两者在染色体的相对长度、W染色体大小、G带带型、A g-NORs的数目和分布均存在着差异。文中在家燕No.1、7、W染色体和金腰燕No.1、 6、7染色体的形态划分,金腰燕W染色体的确定及其染色体数目等方面,均与卞小庄、李庆伟的结果不同。 Abstract:A comparative study on karyotype and C-band and Ag-NORs of house swallow and red-rumped swallow has been made.The result shows that the karyotype of them are similar,and their karyotypical formulae is 2n=80=2M+4ST+zMwSM+2M+2ST+8T+2M+56mT/D.But they are different in the relative length of chromosomes,the size of W chromosome,C-band patterns and the number and distribution of Ag-NORs.The chromosomes,the size of W chromosome,C-band patterns and the number and distribution of Ag-NORs.THE result in this paper is different from that of Mr.Bian and Mr.Li in the types of No.1,7,W chromosomes of house swallow and No.1,6,7 chromosomes of red-rumped swallow and the determination of W chromosome and diploid number of red-rumped swallow.     

白鱀豚的核型及其C－带核型的研究

采用常规的白细胞培养技术及ＢＳＧＣ－带技术分析了白豚的核型、Ｃ－带核型。结果是：白豚的染色体数目２ｎ＝４４,其核型由１２条中部着丝点染色体、１８条亚中部着丝点染色体、４条亚端部着丝点染色体、８条端部着丝点染色体和２条性染色体所组成。染色体臂数（ＮＦ）雌性为７６,雄性为７５。Ｃ－带异染色质呈现出很深的着色区,主要分布在染色体臂上,着丝点区则几乎没有。Ｃ－带异染色质的量约为总染色质量的１２％。这一结果表明白豚与海生豚类的核型、Ｃ－带核型有较明显的相似性。     

茅舍血厉螨核型及染色体的C带、G带的研究

本文首次报道了一种革螨——茅舍血厉螨核型及染色体C带、G带的研究。用剖腹取卵法、玻璃纸压片、Giemsa染色,经分析茅舍血厉螨的核型,单倍体n=7,二倍体2n=14。 用氢氧化钡—吉姆萨技术显示茅舍血厉螨染色体C带。在第1、2、4、5染色体上出现恒定的C带部分,第3、6、7染色体上出现不恒定的C带部分。根据C带带型,茅舍血厉螨着丝点的位置可分为近中区域(sm),近端区域(St),末端区域(t)和末端点(T)四类。 G带分析用胰蛋白酶—吉姆萨技术显示。 本文对茅舍血厉螨的核型、革螨染色体研究中螨卵的收集方法和染液的改进、C带带型与着丝粒位置的确定和G带显带问题进行了讨论。     

玉米8个栽培亚种（类型）的核型和C—带带型的比较研究

本文首次报道了玉米8个亚种、2个亚型和2个杂交品种的核型和Giemsa C-带带型。所有材料的根尖细胞染色体数目均为2n=20。主要由中部和亚中部着丝点染色体组成。第6染色体短臂均具随体,但大小不同。所有材料均显示有亚端带和端带,在第6染色体的短臂上显示有NOR或/和随体带。C-带的分布、总数目和总长度各不相同。其总带数变异于6至18之间,C-带总长度为5.65—11.40％之间。在核型中,具中部着丝点的染色体数目及C-带总数,罕见栽培或原始的类型通常多于广泛栽培的类型。此外,有关核型和C-帝的变异和进化也进行了简略的讨论。     

黑斑蛙核型、C-带及Ag-NORs 研究

本文采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法制备染色体标本,观察黑斑蛙的染色体标本,研究黑斑蛙的核型,C-带和Ag-NORs。研究结果表明：（1）黑斑蛙淋巴细胞染色体数目为2n=26,其中有5对大染色体和8对小染色体,核型是二型性核型;（2）分别对雌雄个体的中期分裂相进行观察,在第11号染色体长臂中部有明显的次缢痕,但变异核型次缢痕在第8号染色体长臂的中部;（3）在第5号染色体长臂上有一条明显的近端粒C-带;（4）第11号染色体是一对具有银染核仁形成区的同源染色体,且雌雄个体的银染位置相同。     

三种马鸡的核型及染色体G-带带型

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养和NaOH显带的方法制备了白马鸡、蓝马鸡和褐马鸡的核型与染色体G－带带型。结果表明：3种马鸡的核型基本相同,2n=82,有7对大染色体,其余为微小染色体;Z染色体为第4对大染色体,W染色体的长度介于第6、7对大染色体之间;除第1对大染色体为m型、Z染色体为sm型外,其余的染色体均为t型,3种马鸡染色体G－带带型表现出较明显的差异,7对大染色体中,有6对大染色体的G－带带型有差异,利用数值分类学方法计算3种马鸡G－带带型的相似性系数并进行聚类分析,结果表明,蓝马鸡与褐马鸡新缘关系较近,二者与白马鸡的新缘关系较远。     

四棱豆的核型和G-带带型研究

用改良ＡＳＧ法在四棱角Ｐｓｏｐｈｏｃａｒｐｕｓ ｔｅｔｒａｇｏｎｏｌｏｂｕｓ（Ｌ．）ＤＣ有丝分裂中期,染色体全长显示了密切邻近的多重Ｇ－带带纹,并进行了核型和Ｇ－带带型分析。核型公式为２ｎ＝１８＝４ｍ＋１４ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）,核型类型为２Ｂ。Ｇ－带带型分析表明,同源染色体的带纹数目、分布位置、染色深浅基本一致,可以较准确地进行配对;非同源染色体的带型有明显差异,可以准确区分。讨论了改良ＡＳＧ法在核型     

六种麻蜥核型的研究

报道麻蜥属(Eremias ,Lacertidae) 6种15个不同居群的染色体核型及银分带核型。丽斑麻蜥（E. argus）、快步麻蜥(E. velox)、敏麻蜥(E. arguta)、密点麻蜥(E. multiocellata)、网纹麻蜥（E. grammica ）的核型一致：2n=38=36I+ 2m,NF=38;虫纹麻蜥（E. vermiculata） 2n=38=12V+2sI+22I+2m, NF=50。中国麻蜥属的核型可分为3个类型：（1）丽斑麻蜥型（2）山地麻蜥(E. brenchleyi)型（3）虫纹麻蜥型。虫纹麻蜥核型演化有两种可能性（1）经历三倍体阶段,并通过罗伯逊易位形成;（2）通过染色体臂间倒位形成,倒位成因可能和天山山脉以及青藏高原的隆起有关。密点麻蜥、快步麻蜥、敏麻蜥、网纹麻蜥、虫纹麻蜥均观察到一对NOR于一对较小染色体对上。雌雄个体中均未发现性异型染色体。Abstract: Based on the Giemsa-dyeing karyotypes and silver-staining bands of 15 populations from different localities in China belonging to 6 species of the genus Eremias , We found all species studied have 19 pairs of chromosomes, the size of chromosomes reduces gradually and there are no marked differences between the arranged pairs of macrochromosomes except the last pair of microchromosome. There are the same karyotype formula as 2n=38=36I+2m with NF=38 in E. argus、 E. multiocellata、 E. velox、 E. arguta and E. grammica; but the karyotype formula of E.vermiculata is different as 2n=38=12V+2sI+22I+2m with NF=50. The NOR are all located on one small pair in female of E. velox, and E. arguta , in male of E. grammica and E. vermiculata ,and in both male and female of E. multiocellata. We have not found two or more than two pairs of NOR. Having one pair of NOR may be common in Genus Eremias and also the trait of Eremias. We speculate that the derivation of the karyotype of E.vermiculata had two possible way: one experienced the stage of triploid, and later the Robertsonian transposal of chromosomes; the other way was through the inversions between the arms on the chromosome and the phenomenon of inversions might occur during or subsequently after the upheaval of the Tibet and Qinghai plateau and the founding of the Tianshan . With regard to the trend of the evolution of chromosomes in the lizards [1], the karyotype of E.vermiculata is more advanced. Making specialties of E. vermiculata will help in building the phylogenic tree of Eremias. In both male and female of the species studied, the heteromorphic sex-chromosomes were not found.     

露螽科四种昆虫的核型研究

本文以螽斯精巢为实验材料,经过低渗、固定、压片、空气干燥、Giemsa染色制备染色体标本,对螽斯总科露螽科4种螽斯的核型进行了研究,结果Phaneroptera falcata 2n♂=27, Phaneroptera gracilis 2n♂=25,Ducetia japonica 2n♂=29,Isopsera sp.2n♂=31,均为近端着丝粒染色体,性别决定机制均为XO♂/XX♀型, X染色体为染色体组中最大的染色体。作者认为,Isopsera sp.（2n♂=31）可能是露螽科中较原始的种类,Ducetia japonica(2n♂=29),Phaneroptera falcata (2n♂=27),Phaneroptera gracilis (2n♂=25)可能是由2n♂=31进化来的衔接融合在露螽科染色体进化中起着重要作用。 Abstract：Karyotypes of four species belonging to three genera of the Phaneropteridae were investigated.The diploid number of chromosomes is as follows: Phaneroptera falcata species 2n♂=27(XO),Phaneroptera gracilis 2n♂ =25 (XO),Ducetia japonica 2n =29 (XO) and Isopsera sp.2n♂=31(XO) ,all chromosomes are acrocentric,the X chromosomes are the largest members of the sets.It may be assumed that Isopsera sp. 2n♂=31 represents the basic number of chromosomes.The other species,Ducetia japonica 2n♂=29, Phaneroptera falcata 2n♂=27, Ph.gracilis 2n♂=25 could originate 2n♂=31 .Tandem fusions may be important in the karyotype evolution of Phaneropteridae.     

鹌鹑的核型及G带分析

分别采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法和胰酶处理法,对鹌鹑染色体的核型和G带进行了研究。结果表明,鹌鹑染色体数目为2n=78,有10对大染色体（包括Z、W）,29对小染色体。染色体形态分别为：NO.1染色体为sm型,NO.2、Z染色体为m型,其余染色体均为t型,这与前人研究结果存在一定差异。G带分析结果显示,鹌鹑的前9对大染色体及Z、W染色体G带可分为27个区,134带。     

三种螽斯科昆虫的核型研究

本文首次报道中国螽斯科3种昆虫的染色体核型,结果表明:中华螽斯Tettigonia chinensis 2n♂=31均为近端着丝粒染色体,暗褐蝈螽Gampsocleis obscura 2n♂=31也均为近端着丝粒染色体,中华寰螽Atlanticus sinensis 2n♂=29第1对染色体为中部着丝粒染色体,其余为近端部着丝粒染色体。这3 种螽斯的性别决定机制均为XO♂/XX♀型。 Abstract:The karyotypes of three species belonging to three genera of Tettigoniidae were investigated.The diploid number of chromosomes for Tettigonia chinensis is 2n♂=31,for Gampsocleis obscura 2n♂=31,Atlanticus sinensis 2n♂=29.In the three species,the XO♂/XX♀type of sex determination was observed.     

一例12号染色体臂间倒位的细胞遗传学研究

小麦主要经济性状大多属数量性状,是受 微效多基因控制的。为了探索小麦常用亲本配 制组合时各主要经济性状的遗传变异规律,于 1980年选用了江苏、浙江两省普遍采用的UP 301、泰山1号、908、早白、白壳早、短秆早6 个品种作为杂交亲本,研究并分析了主要经济 性状的遗传参数,为有效地选配亲本,提高育种 成效,提供一些理论依据。