Bilinguites — a cosmopolitan Late Carboniferous ammonoid genus

The Bashkirian (Late Carboniferous) ammonoid genus Bilinguites has a nearly global distribution in the tropical and subtropical zones and 25 species have been described up till now. Most of them are considered endemic, but some may have a wide geographic distribution. Our study on new and previously collected materials from North China (Gansu and Ningxia) shows that the stratigraphically youngest species of Bilinguites in North China and Western Europe are morphologically very similar, possibly indicating correspondence of the ammonoid faunas. Bilinguites scalpratus is revised and established as a stratigraphically important species of the genus in North China; it co-occurs with the first gastrioceratid species Cancelloceras pachygyrum. This occurrence can be correlated with the Western European co-occurrence of Cancelloceras cancellatum and Bilinguites superbilinguis at the base of the G₁ Zone.     

鄂东南晚二叠世菊石新材料

记述的菊石采自鄂东南大冶柯家湾晚二叠世大隆组,主要产于硅质页岩、硅质岩的灰岩透镜体中,共8属11种.此区大隆组仅相当于长兴阶的上部;Meitianoceras 在本区的出现,表明此属不仅分布于长兴阶的下部,也可延伸到长兴阶的上部.整个大隆组的化石,以自游生物为主,底栖类型很少.菊石中壳体大、壳面肋瘤发育者数量少,而壳饰弱、个体小者大量繁盛,呈现高丰度、低分异度的特点.保存化石的灰岩透镜体中具星散状的黄铁矿.本区晚二叠世晚期处于局部封闭的海湾环境.     

Unusually large specimens of the Permian ammonoid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Guiyangoceras</Emphasis> from Hunan,South China

Exceptionally large specimens of the Permian genus Guiyangoceras are discovered from the Permian (Roadian) of south Hunan, South China. The giant size, mature stage of the sutural elements, and shape variation in respect to ontogenetic development extend the definition of this endemic genus.     

Palaeobiogeographic distribution patterns and processes of Neochonetes and Fusichonetes (Brachiopoda) in the late Palaeozoic and earliest Mesozoic

The global palaeobiogeographic distributions of two resembling genera, Neochonetes and Fusichonetes (Brachiopoda), from the Carboniferous to Griesbachian are analysed. This analysis provides insight into the biotic response of two related genera to changing palaeoclimate, regional tectonics, and environmental crises. Neochonetes originated in the equatorial area in the Mississippian, and it mostly retained this position during the peak of the glaciation in the Carboniferous–Permian ice age (namely in the Pennsylvanian). Neochonetes then dispersed globally during the Cisuralian when the climate became warmer and the ice sheet started to retreat. In the Guadalupian and Lopingian, following the closure of the Ural seaway at the end of the Cisuralian and the regression at the end-Guadalupian, Neochonetes almost disappeared in the western part of Gondwana. Subsequently during the Lopingian the genus retracted to the middle- and low-latitude Palaeo-Tethys and Tethys. In comparison, Fusichonetes originated in the equatorial area in the late Guadalupian and was still present in that area in the Lopingian. Both genera occurred only in South China in the Griesbachian. It is inferred that this could be related, not only to the deteriorated palaeoenvironmental conditions (e.g., anoxia, global warming) leading up to the extinction of most of the Neochonetes and Fusichonetes species in other areas, but also to the better physiological adaptation of the smaller shells of Neochonetes and Fusichonetes species in South China.     

Musculature and Asymmetry in a Carboniferous Pseudo-Bellerophontoidean Gastropod (Mollusca)

A single pair of well-preserved muscle attachment scars showing excellent detail on the umbilical surface is described in a supposed bellerophontoidean gastropod from the Carboniferous of Britain. Ontogenetic study reveals that the bilateral symmetry of the thick-shelled adult masks an anisometric early growth stage, indicating that the gastropod is a pleurotomarioidean vetigastropod masquerading as a bellerophontoidean.     

我国北方石炭-二叠系牙形刺序列再认识

文中根据当前比较统一的牙形刺分带原则,对我国北方石炭二叠系的牙形刺序列进行了研究和重新定义。我国北方地区石炭二叠系的牙形刺带或组合带由上而下可综合如下：Sweetognathus whitei,S.inornatus,Streptognathodus barskovi,S.isolatus,S.elegantulus-S.oppletus,Idiognathodus magnificus-Neognathodus roundyi,Idiognathodus delicatus-Neognathodus bothrops,Idiognathoides corrugatus-I.sinuatus,Declinognathodus noduliferus,Gnathodus bilineatus bollandensis和Gnathodus bilineatus bilineatus带或组合带。本文同时介绍了牙形刺带和组合带在我国北方的分布、时代及其对比。     

宁夏的(竹蜓)

宁夏的含(竹蜓)地层出露较好,剖面和柱状剖面有7处.含(竹蜓)地层自下而上为:下石炭统臭牛沟组、中卫组,上石炭统羊虎沟组,上石炭—下二叠统太原组.(竹蜓)动物群有15属68种及亚种,其中1新种.可建立(竹蜓)化石带 Eostaffella-Mediocris 带 (C_1), Profusulinella 带 (C_2~1) 及 Sphaeroschwagertna 带 (P_1~1),并与甘肃靖远及华北地台其它地区的(竹蜓)化石带对比.     

宁夏的(竹蜓)

宁夏的含(竹蜓)地层出露较好,剖面和柱状剖面有7处.含(竹蜓)地层自下而上为:下石炭统臭牛沟组、中卫组,上石炭统羊虎沟组,上石炭—下二叠统太原组.(竹蜓)动物群有15属68种及亚种,其中1新种.可建立(竹蜓)化石带 Eostaffella-Mediocris 带 (C_1), Profusulinella 带 (C_2~1) 及 Sphaeroschwagertna 带 (P_1~1),并与甘肃靖远及华北地台其它地区的(竹蜓)化石带对比.     

全球石炭纪和二叠纪植物地理分区

早石炭世由于全球气候分带不明显,无显著植物分区现象,全球为一个一致性的植物区,即拟鳞植物区（Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｐｓｉｓ ｆｌｏｒａｌ ｐｒｏｖｉｎｅｃｅ）。晚石炭世和二叠纪,全球存在４个植物区,即华夏植物区（Ｃａｔｈａｙｓｉａｎ ｆｌｏｒａｌ ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ）、欧美植物区（Ｅｕｒａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ ｆｌｏｒａｌ ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ）、安加拉植物区（Ａｎｇａｒａｎ ｆｌｏｒａｌ ｐｒｏｉｎｃｅ）     

新疆柯坪地区石炭系、二叠系海参骨片化石

新疆柯坪地区的石炭系、二叠系产丰富的海参骨片化石,该文描述了7属13种,包括2未定种,3不定种。这些属种在我国湖南、山西及北美等地的石炭系、二叠系中都有分布。据伴生牙形刺、(虫筳)和珊瑚化石来看,本文海参骨片大多产于上石炭—下二叠统。     

The Carboniferous floras of the Iberian Peninsula: A synthesis with geological connotations

A general review is presented of the Carboniferous floral records in the Iberian Peninsula in the context of the geological history and distribution of the different basins. Mississippian floras are found in Sierra Morena, where major strike-slip faults brought in terranes of diverse provenance. Lower Pennsylvanian floras are represented in the Peñarroya-Belmez-Espiel (Córdoba) and Villanueva del Río y Minas (Sevilla) coalfields of SW Spain (also strike-slip controlled), at La Camocha, near Gijón (Asturias), and in other parts of northern Spain. Middle Pennsylvanian is represented near Oporto, but more completely in the Central Asturian Coalfield, as well as other, more limited localities in NW Spain and the Pyrenees. Upper Pennsylvanian (Stephanian Stage-Cantabrian to Stephanian B substages) floras are splendidly represented in NW Spain. Uppermost Pennsylvanian (Stephanian C-Autunian) floras are present in the strike-slip controlled Douro and Buçaco basins of North Portugal, the Pyrenees, Central Spain (Ciudad Real, Guadalajara, Zaragoza), and SW Spain (Guadalcanal and Valdeviar in Sevilla province).A complete succession of megafloral zones is presented. This includes a new Annularia spicata Zone at the top of the Pennsylvanian (equivalent to middle to upper Autunian which has been often attributed to the Lower Permian). The information is summarised in charts compiled from a selection of the most significant species. A number of floral elements are illustrated including the zonal indices. Brief taxonomic comments are provided in the Appendix.     

Late Paleozoic–early Mesozoic continental biostratigraphy — Links to the Standard Global Chronostratigraphic Scale

Nonmarine biostratigraphic/biochronologic schemes have been created for all or parts of the late Carboniferous–Middle Triassic using palynomorphs, megafossil plants, conchostracans, blattoid insects, tetrapod footprints and tetrapod body fossils, and these provide varied temporal resolution. Cross correlation of the nonmarine biochronologies to the Standard Global Chronostratigraphic Scale has been achieved in some parts of the late Carboniferous–Middle Triassic in locations where nonmarine and marine strata are intercalated, the nonmarine strata produce biochronologically significant fossils and the marine strata yield fusulinids, conodonts and/or ammonoids. Other cross correlations have been aided by magnetostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy and a growing database of radioisotopic ages. A synthetic nonmarine biochronology for the late Carboniferous–Middle Triassic based on all available nonmarine index fossils, integrated with the Standard Global Chronostratigraphic Scale, is presented here. The focus is on the nonmarine biostratigraphy/biochronology of blattoid insects, conchostracans, branchiosaurid amphibians, tetrapod footprints and tetrapod body fossils within the biochronological framework of land-vertebrate faunachrons. Correlation to the Standard Global Chronostratigraphic Scale presented here is divided into seven time intervals: Pennsylvanian, Carboniferous–Permian boundary, Cisuralian, Guadalupian, Lopingian, Permian–Triassic boundary and Early to Middle Triassic. The insects, conchostracans and branchiosaurs provide robust nonmarine correlations in the Pennsylvanian–Cisuralian, and the footprints and tetrapod body fossils provide robust correlations of varied precision within the entire Pennsylvanian–Middle Triassic. Radioisotopic ages are currently the strongest basis for cross correlation of the nonmarine biostratigraphy/biochronology to the Standard Global Chronostratigraphic Scale, particularly for the Pennsylvanian–Cisuralian. Chemostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy thus far provide only limited links of nomarine and marine chronologies. Improvements in the nonmarine-marine correlations of late Paleozoic–Triassic Pangea require better alpha taxonomy and stratigraphic precision for the nonmarine fossil record integrated with more reliable radioisotopic ages and more extensive chemostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic datasets.     

黔南紫云、晴隆晚石炭世及早二叠世四射珊瑚

通过对黔南地区晚石炭世及早二叠世早期四射珊瑚的研究,建立4个四射珊瑚组合,自下而上：1）Antheria-Pseudotimania组合;2）Nephelophyllum-Eokepingophyllum组合;3）Parawentzellophyllum-Kepingophyllum组合;4）Anfractophyllum组合。组合1、2以Cyathopsidae科分子和Kepingophyllidae科的原始分子为主;组合3以Kepingophyllidae科的典型分子为代表;组合4以Kepingophyllidae的进化型分子为特征。文中描述四射珊瑚9新种及1未定种。     

Allometric growth and intraspecific variability in the basal Carboniferous ammonoid<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gattendorfia crassa</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">Schmidt</Emphasis>, 1924

Gattendorfia crassa is an Early Carboniferous (Mississippian) goniatite species with strikingly allometric conch growth. Analysis of 15 high-precision cross-sections of this species demonstrates the small intraspecific variability of some of the conch form characters, but remarkable variability in others. While the whorl expansion rate, umbilical width, and conch thickness vary within narrow limits, the expansion rates of the whorl height and whorl width are remarkably plastic. Variability of most of the characters tends to be smallest in intermediate growth stages, whereas juveniles and adults are more variable. The differences in morphological plasticity are interpreted in terms of the function of the ammonoid conch, especially the orientation of the aperture during life.      

中国石炭纪和二叠纪植物群

本文总结了和讨论了中国石炭纪和二叠纪植物群分布特征,在对植物群成分分析的基础上,认为中国早石炭世（杜内期、维宪期和纳缪尔A期）分布一个全球一致性的植物群,即拟鳞木植物群Lepidodendropsis flora。中国的晚石炭世（纳缪尔B-C期、维期发期和斯蒂分期）和二叠纪植物群为华夏植物群。本文还对北方华夏植物群亚区和南方华夏植物群亚区植物群进行了对比,并论述了这两个植物群在组成成分上的差异。     

山东滕县煤田石炭-二叠纪孢粉组合

山东滕县上石炭统—二叠系含煤地层中发现大量保存良好的孢粉化石属种及部分未定属种。根据孢粉化石主要属种的纵向分布规律及含量的变化,建立了本区五个孢粉组合带,自上而下为:V.Triquitrites-Macrotorisporacathayensis;IV.Patellisporitesmeishanensis-Torisporasecuris;III.Gulisporitescerevus-Sinulatisporitesshanxiensis;II.Thymosporapseudothiessenii-Laevigatosporitesvulgaris;I.Crassisporakosankei-Densosporitesanulatus。它们自上而下分别代表了本区晚古生代二叠系石盒子统上石盒子组、下石盒子组和月门沟统山西组、太原组上段以及上石炭统太原组下段。本文简述了各孢粉组合的特征,并与邻区及华北部分地区进行了对比;另外,还论证了滕县煤田晋祠组的存在。     

山西保德晚石炭世至早二叠世重要孢粉属种丰度的变化及其反映的古生态变迁

山西保德扒楼沟剖面本溪组—太原组156块样品(本溪组47块、太原组75块和山西组34块)中,有113块产有保存良好的孢粉化石。结合现有原位孢粉的资料,通过大量的统计分析,作者在这段地层中识别出了植物群演替的四个阶段,从这四阶段开始地层层位的沉积构造判断,大致可以推断出这四次发展过程的主要诱发因素是在这段时间内频繁发生的海进,并且从孢粉丰度的变化中可以看出在这种动荡的环境下,同孢植物的真蕨类,以及楔叶类,由于在事件发生之后表现出较强的复苏能力,使得这段地层中的真蕨类以及楔叶类的孢子在整段沉积物中的含量相对较高,而石松纲的鳞木类以及松柏纲的科达类的复苏能力则相对较弱,因此产自这两类母体植物的孢粉在地层中始终不占主要位置。     

黔南石炭-二叠系界线牙形刺序列的再研究

本文详细描述了华南贵州罗甸纳水和紫云羊场石炭-二叠系的界线牙形刺序列,并自上而下可划分为：Streptognathodus barskovi,S.constrictus,S.isolatus,S.wabaunsensis.S.tenuialueus和S.firmus带,而Strep-tognathodus isolatus的首现则代表了二叠系的底界,本文讨论了世界各地石炭-二叠系界线牙形刺序列的对比。