催吐萝芙木中生物碱的研究

从催吐萝芙木根的乙醇提取物中分离得到15个吲哚生物碱,利用波谱(ESI-MS,1H NMR,13C NMR)等技术分别鉴定为利血平(1),四氢鸭脚木碱(2),异山德维辛碱(3),利血平酸甲酯(4),萝芙木碱(5),山德维辛碱(6),异育亨宾(7),霹雳萝芙木碱(8),α-育亨宾(9),育亨宾(10),催吐萝芙木定(11),四叶萝芙新碱(12),harman(13),mauiensine(14),12-hydroxymauiensine(15)。其中化合物13 ~15是首次从该植物中分离到。     

用酸性乙醇从催吐萝芙木中浸提利血平

本文用酸性乙醇从催吐萝芙木中浸提利血平,采用单因素试验法,以HPLC测定利血平含量,分别考察可能影响利血平浸提效果的各种因素,确定了适宜的提取条件:以含50%工业乙醇的0.025 mol/L H2SO4溶液,用量为催吐萝芙木的10倍(V/W),在常温避光条件下连续搅拌,提取3次,每次1 h,利血平提取率可达0.72‰。酸性乙醇提取方法使用有机溶剂少,对环境污染小,收率高,有较好的应用前景。     

枇杷核提取物对小鼠免疫功能及肠道菌群影响的研究

以肠道菌群检测与免疫学腹腔Mφ吞噬功能测定、溶血空斑试验、淋巴细胞转化试验和NK细胞活性测定等方法,初步探讨了中药枇杷核提取物对抗生素造成的菌群失调性腹泻小鼠肠道菌群及免疫功能的影响。结果表明枇杷核提取物对小鼠免疫功能及肠道正常菌群（双歧杆菌、乳酸菌、肠球菌、肠杆菌和类杆菌）具有双重调节作用。     

Effect of Phytohormones on the Protein-Synthesizing Ability of Rauwolfia serpentinaBenth. Tissue Culture

The accumulation of intracellular protein by the callus culture of Rauwolfia serpentinaBenth. was studied in a standard or phytohormone-containing medium. Changes in the concentration of total protein in cells induced by indolylacetic and naphthylacetic acids were shown to be associated with the effects of these phytohormones on the biosynthesis and degradation of intracellular protein.     

The pepsins from human gastric mucosal extracts

1. The pepsins and pepsinogens of the gastric mucosal extracts of two normal subjects, of seven patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and of two patients with duodenal ulcer have been investigated by agar-gel electrophoresis and by ion-exchange chromatography. 2. Of the eight zones of proteolytic activity that have previously been reported in normal human gastric juice, seven can be detected in activated fundic mucosal extracts. Of these seven, four can be attributed to discrete pepsins, numbered 1, 3a, 3 and 5. 3. Zone 7 results from the activity of one or more enzymes that are alkali-stable and are best referred to as gastric proteinases rather than as pepsins. Zone 7 is much more evident in mucosal extracts than in gastric juice. 4. Zones 4 and 6 may result respectively from the activity of a pepsin-inhibitor complex and of an unactivated zymogen. 5. It was not possible, by the chromatographic methods employed, to separate satisfactorily the individual pepsins from activated extracts or their precursors from unactivated extracts, so that the ascribing of a pepsin to a specific zymogen must be considered tentative. Even so, pepsin 3 appears to arise from at least two major precursors, if not from three, whereas pepsins 1 and 5 each arise from a single major precursor. 6. Pyloric mucosal extracts contain principally zone 5 but also zones 6 and 7. These zones in general behave similarly to the corresponding zones of fundic extracts, but pyloric pepsin 5 migrates slightly faster on agar-gel electrophoresis than does fundic pepsin 5 and is a different enzyme. Zones 1 to 4 are absent.     

Xenopsin-related peptide generated in avian gastric extracts

Two avian counterparts to amphibian xenopsin have been identified as H-Phe-His-Pro-Lys-Arg-Pro-Trp-Ile-Leu-OH (XP-2) and its partial sequence H-His-Pro-Lys-Arg-Pro-Trp-Ile-Leu-OH (XP-1) isolated from extracts of turkey proventriculus and skin. Both peptides were shown to be present within these and other tissues primarily (99%) in precursor form(s), from which they were liberated by the action of endogenous enzyme(s) during extraction. Synthetic and native preparations of XP-2 increased vascular permeability in rats and released histamine from isolated rat mast cells at submicromolar concentrations. The ubiquitous distribution of this XP-related sequence and its pharmacologic capabilities suggest potential roles in the general regulation of tissue blood flow and fluid exchange.     

Effect of prolonged gastric distension on motor function of LES and of proximal stomach

Gastric distension is a potent stimulus of transient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation. To investigate the time effect of prolonged gastric distension on the rate of transient LES relaxations, LES pressure, and the motor and sensory functions of the proximal stomach, we performed a continuous isobaric distension of the proximal stomach at the 75% threshold pressure for discomfort for 2 h in seven healthy subjects. A multilumen assembly incorporating a sleeve and an electronic barostat was used. The rate of transient LES relaxations (n/30 min) was constant during the first hour [4.1 +/- 1.2 (0-30 min) and 5.4 +/- 1.1 (30-60 min)] but markedly decreased (P < 0.05) in the second hour [2.1 +/- 0.5 (60-90 min) and 2.3 +/- 0.9 (90-120 min)], whereas LES pressure, baseline volume and volume waves within the gastric bag, hunger, and fullness did not change throughout the experiment. It is concluded that the rate of transient LES relaxations decreases with time during prolonged gastric distension, thus suggesting that this type of stimulus should not be used in sequential experimental conditions.