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Jacek Radwan Wies?aw Babik 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2012,279(1749):5024-5028
The amount and nature of genetic variation available to natural selection affect the rate, course and outcome of evolution. Consequently, the study of the genetic basis of adaptive evolutionary change has occupied biologists for decades, but progress has been hampered by the lack of resolution and the absence of a genome-level perspective. Technological advances in recent years should now allow us to answer many long-standing questions about the nature of adaptation. The data gathered so far are beginning to challenge some widespread views of the way in which natural selection operates at the genomic level. Papers in this Special Feature of Proceedings of the Royal Society B illustrate various aspects of the broad field of adaptation genomics. This introductory article sets up a context and, on the basis of a few selected examples, discusses how genomic data can advance our understanding of the process of adaptation. 相似文献
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Forest tree genomics: growing resources and applications 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Over the past two decades, research in forest tree genomics has lagged behind that of model and agricultural systems. However, genomic research in forest trees is poised to enter into an important and productive phase owing to the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the enormous genetic diversity in forest trees and the need to mitigate the effects of climate change. Research on long-lived woody perennials is extending our molecular knowledge of complex life histories and adaptations to the environment - enriching a field that has traditionally drawn biological inference from a few short-lived herbaceous species. 相似文献
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森林生态系统健康研究进展 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
从生态系统健康的概念出发,明确了森林生态系统健康的实质.我国对森林生态系统健康的研究主要在森林生态系统和森林群落2个水平上.森林生态系统水平的健康评价指标包括群落结构、生物多样性等结构指标,涵养水源和水土保持等功能指标,以及社会经济方面的指标,指标庞杂,有些指标难以测度.而森林群落水平的健康评价指标主要以结构指标为主,指标相对简单.因此,建立系统、有效且统一的评价指标体系和科学合理的健康标准是未来开展森林生态系统健康评价的重点,而简洁的指标测度方法和量化的测度结果也将是森林生态系统健康评价的趋势. 相似文献
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Sniegowski P 《Current biology : CB》1999,9(23):R897-R898
A recent study has combined methods of experimental evolution and DNA microarray technology to examine evolved changes in gene expression in yeast, providing intriguing insights into the genetics of adaptation and functional genomics, and pointing to future uses of microarray technology in evolutionary genetics. 相似文献
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Eckehard G. Brockerhoff Luc Barbaro Bastien Castagneyrol David I. Forrester Barry Gardiner José Ramón González-Olabarria Phil O’B. Lyver Nicolas Meurisse Anne Oxbrough Hisatomo Taki Ian D. Thompson Fons van der Plas Hervé Jactel 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2017,26(13):3005-3035
Forests are critical habitats for biodiversity and they are also essential for the provision of a wide range of ecosystem services that are important to human well-being. There is increasing evidence that biodiversity contributes to forest ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. Here we provide a review of forest ecosystem services including biomass production, habitat provisioning services, pollination, seed dispersal, resistance to wind storms, fire regulation and mitigation, pest regulation of native and invading insects, carbon sequestration, and cultural ecosystem services, in relation to forest type, structure and diversity. We also consider relationships between forest biodiversity and multifunctionality, and trade-offs among ecosystem services. We compare the concepts of ecosystem processes, functions and services to clarify their definitions. Our review of published studies indicates a lack of empirical studies that establish quantitative and causal relationships between forest biodiversity and many important ecosystem services. The literature is highly skewed; studies on provisioning of nutrition and energy, and on cultural services, delivered by mixed-species forests are under-represented. Planted forests offer ample opportunity for optimising their composition and diversity because replanting after harvesting is a recurring process. Planting mixed-species forests should be given more consideration as they are likely to provide a wider range of ecosystem services within the forest and for adjacent land uses. This review also serves as the introduction to this special issue of Biodiversity and Conservation on various aspects of forest biodiversity and ecosystem services. 相似文献
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Populations experiencing similar selection pressures can sometimes diverge in the genetic architectures underlying evolved complex traits. We used RNA virus populations of large size and high mutation rate to study the impact of historical environment on genome evolution, thus increasing our ability to detect repeatable patterns in the evolution of genetic architecture. Experimental vesicular stomatitis virus populations were evolved on HeLa cells, on MDCK cells, or on alternating hosts. Turner and Elena (2000. Cost of host radiation in an RNA virus. Genetics. 156:1465-1470.) previously showed that virus populations evolved in single-host environments achieved high fitness on their selected hosts but failed to increase in fitness relative to their ancestor on the unselected host and that alternating-host-evolved populations had high fitness on both hosts. Here we determined the complete consensus sequence for each evolved population after 95 generations to gauge whether the parallel phenotypic changes were associated with parallel genomic changes. We also analyzed the patterns of allele substitutions to discern whether differences in fitness across hosts arose through true pleiotropy or the presence of not only a mutation that is beneficial in both hosts but also 1 or more mutations at other loci that are costly in the unselected environment (mutation accumulation [MA]). We found that ecological history may influence to what extent pleiotropy and MA contribute to fitness asymmetries across environments. We discuss the degree to which current genetic architecture is expected to constrain future evolution of complex traits, such as host use by RNA viruses. 相似文献
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High-throughput DNA sequencing and genotyping technologies have enabled a new generation of research in plant genetics where combined quantitative and population genetic approaches can be used to better understand the relationship between naturally occurring genotypic and phenotypic diversity. Forest trees are highly amenable to such studies because of their combined undomesticated and partially domesticated state. Forest geneticists are using association genetics to dissect complex adaptive traits and discover the underlying genes. In parallel, they are using resequencing of candidate genes and modern population genetics methods to discover genes under natural selection. This combined approach is identifying the most important genes that determine patterns of complex trait adaptation observed in many tree populations. 相似文献
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Pauwels M Roosens N Frérot H Saumitou-Laprade P 《Current opinion in plant biology》2008,11(2):129-134
Recent advances in molecular biology have opened new perspectives for the study of plant adaptation, especially at the intraspecific level. Nowadays, scientists employing -omic results in multiple scientific fields can be optimistic of their chances of revealing mechanisms involved in adaptive population divergence. However, the investment required by integrative studies greatly reduces the number of experiments that can be performed. In this context, a comprehensive choice of accessions under study is crucial. We maintain this choice could be appreciably enlightened by population genetics because it helps putting adaptive population divergence in a spatial and historical context. As an example, we highlight the usefulness of knowledge about population genetic structure in the integrative study of metal tolerance in Arabidopsis halleri. 相似文献
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