中国丽藻属两新种

本文报道的是采自广西、山东的丽藻属植物两新种,即广西丽藻(Nitella guangxiensis)和山东丽藻(Nitella shandongensis),其特征分别描述如下: 广西丽藻新种图1:1—9 Nitella guangxiensis Y. J. Ling, G. Z. Deng et Z. Li, sp. nov. Planta monoica, claro-viridis, 13-19 cm alta. Caulis robustus,diametro 610-     

CYTOTAXONOMY OF THE CHARACEAE: KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS OF NITELLA OPACA AND NITELLA FLEXILIS

The haploid chromosome complement of Nitella flexilis (n = 12) is composed of two quite different basic karyotypes. One of these is symmetrical and appears to be identical to the karyotype of N. opaca (n = 6), and the other is quite asymmetrical and seems to be identical to that of an apparently undescribed dioecious Nitella from Kansas (n = 6). This may indicate that the monoecious N. flexilis has arisen through hybridization between two dioecious species. Although heteromorphic sex chromosomes were not observed in either species, it appears that female and male potentialities are confined to separate basic chromosome complements and mechanisms determining the monoecious and dioecious states are in close relation to ploidy.     

OBSERVATIONS ON NITELLA ACUMINATA FROM SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES AND NORTHERN MEXICO1

Morphological and cytological analyses of several specimens of the genus Nitella suggest that species described as N. stellaris, N. lindheimeri, N. gollmeriana, and N. mexicana and some forms reported as N. acuminata var. subglomerata represent a single taxon in the N. acuminata species group. Cytological examination revealed a chromosome number of n = 9 in the specimens from the study area but N. acuminata is known to display n = 18 chromosomes in other regions of North America and on oilier continents. Hypotheses regarding the origin and significance of this polyploidy are discussed. The habitats supporting N. acuminata (n = 9) in the study area show some features which are in contrast to those of habitats supporting the species (n = 18) in other areas of North America.     

Labiatae Novae Iranicae

Four new species are described:Lavandula sublepidota, from S. Iran (related toL. coronopifolia),Phlomis pachyphylla from S. Iran, Prov. Fars (nearPh. polioxantha),Satureia isophylla from N. Iran, Prov. Mazanderan (close toS. mutica andS. intermedia), andThymbra neurophylla from Iraqi Kurdistan (distinct forth species of the genus).

Florae Iranicae praecursores 1–4.     

Acht neue Arten der GattungAnthemis (Compositae) aus Persien

The following species are described as new:Anthemis mazandaranica in N. and NW. Iran is allied toA. coelopoda; A. moghanica in NW. Iran is close toA. candidissima andA. sintenisii; A. atropatana also in NW. Iran is similar toA. hyalina; A. gracilis in W. Iran is close toA. plebeia; A. bushehrica in SW. Iran is similar toA. susiana; andA. rhodocentra in S. and E. Iran and in Pakistan is akin toA. austro-iranica, A. gayana, andA. kandaharica.

Anschrift des Herausgebers: Hofrat Univ.-Prof. Dr.Karl Heinz Rechinger, Beckgasse 22, A-1130 Wien, Österreich.     

Two new species ofNeosartorya from Brazilian soil

Among the isolates from soil of corn and sugar cane plantations in São Paulo State, Brazil, two new species ofNeosartorya, N. botucatensis andN. paulistensis, are described and illustrated.Neosartorya botucatensis differs from the other known species of the genus in having ascospores with long spines on the convex walls.Neosartorya paulistensis is characterized by its ascospore walls with spinose and verruculose ornamentation. The former is compared with the closely related speciesN. spinosa, and the latter is closely related toN. glabra, N. pseudofischeri and N. stramenia.     

Aechmea itapoana,a new species from Bahia (Brazil): Taxonomy and ecology

Aechmea itapoana is a new, conspicuous and distinct species from the coastal sand dune scrub of N.E. Brazil. Its possible relationships within subgenusChevaliera, toA. multiflora andA. rodriguesia are discussed.     

THE SPECIES OF CIBORINIA PATHOGENIC TO HERBACEOUS ANGIOSPERMS

Batra , Lekh R., and Richard P. Korf . (Cornell U., Ithaca, N. Y.) The species of Ciborinia pathogenic to herbaceous angiosperms. Amer. Jour. Bot. 46(6): 441–450. Illus. 1959.—On the basis of anatomical studies, 2 distinct species of Ciborinia, a generic segregate of Sclerotinia, are shown to occur on Erythronium. The life history and phytopathology of one of these, C. erythronii, are reported. The species is shown to be homothallic, to develop its sclerotia in nearly all parts of the plant, to overwinter also in the form of mycelium in bulbs, and to form spermatia in the field. Experiments on factors affecting formation of sclerotia and apothecia in the laboratory are reported. Prolonged washing of sclerotia formed in the laboratory proved to be an important factor for development of apothecia. A new species, C. trillii, pathogenic to Trillium is described, as is a new species, C. violae, pathogenic to Viola. The generic diagnosis of Ciborinia is emended on the basis of these studies. A new combination, C. hirtella, is also proposed.     

Festuca austrodolomitica,a new species of theF. halleri group (Poaceae) from the SE Alps

The new species belongs toFestuca halleri agg. (F. ovina s. latiss.) and is diploid. Its habitat are alpine snow bed communities (Arabidetalia caeruleae) of the southern Alps, between the Brenta and Mt Cadria in the W and Mt Cavallo near Belluno in the E. Morphological, anatomical, epidermal, and ecological comparisons with related species suggest that it is closest to the vicariousF. rupicaprina in the N Alps.     

Molecular genetic characterization of plant somatic hybrids

An efficient and easy method for genetic characterization of plant somatic hybrids is proposed. In a first qualitative approach, four somatic hybrids and their parental species (Nicotiana tabacum andN. plumbaginifolia) were characterized by DNA fingerprinting and Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). After this, a quantitative estimation of the degree of parental contribution to the hybrids was carried out by means of a slot-blot analysis. Both qualitative methods, showed one hybrid identical toN. tabacum, two almost identical toN. plumbaginifolia, and a fourth similar to this parental species, but with someN. tabacum admixture. The quantitative method, for the same hybrids, gave 83%, 7%, 7%, and 37%N. tabacum DNA contribution, respectively.     

Mechanisms of resistance to the brown planthopperNilaparvata lugens in wild rice (Oryza spp.) cultivars

Three wild rice species and six cultivated rice varieties were evaluated to determine their mechanisms of resistance toNilaparvata lugens (Stal.). Wild rice species,Oryza officinalis, O. punctata, andO. latifolia and cultivated rices Rathu Heenati (Bph 3), Babawee (bph 4), ARC 10 550 (bph 5), Swarnalata (Bph 6), Ptb 33 (bph 2+Bph 3) and the susceptible Taichung Native (TN 1) (no resistance gene) were included in the study. In a free choice seedbox screening test, wild rice species maintained their high level of resistance through the 48 h exposure toN. lugens nymphs while plant damage ratings of cultivated rice varieties increased with time. Wild rices were non preferred and significantly more individuals settled on susceptible TN 1 followed by cultivated rices. The quantity of food ingested and assimilated byN. lugens on wild rices was less than on cultivated resistant varieties.N. lugens caged on resistant wild rices had slow nymphal development, reduced longevity, low fecundity, and low egg hatchability as compared toN. lugens on cultivated resistant varieties.     

A NEW,HETEROTHALLIC SPECIES OF SORDARIA

Olive , L. S., and A. A. Fantini . (Columbia U., New York, N. Y.) A new, heterothallic species of Sordaria. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(2): 124–128. Illus. 1961.—S. brevicollis, sp. nov., was isolated from zebra dung from the New York Zoological Park. It is the only species of the genus that has been found to be heterothallic and to have microconidia. The latter function readily in fertilization. Heterothallism is controlled by a single allelic pair of compatibility factors located about 14.2 crossover units from the centromere. Incomplete mating reactions involving this species, Gelasinospora autosteira, and Neurospora crassa indicate relationships among these 3 genera.     

A NEW SPECIES OF ENSICULIFERA,E. IMARIENSE (DINOPHYCEAE), PRODUCING ORGANIC-WALLED CYSTS1

We describe a new organic-walled resting cyst from surface sediments of Imari Bay in western Japan. The cysts are spherical, 23–29 pm in diameter, and their surface is covered with spinous to membranous ornaments that are 5–7 μm long and 1.5–2.2 μm wide. The ornaments vary from slender and bifurcate to membranous and multifurcate distal extremities. No archeopyle was observed. The cyst shape is variable in both natural samples and clonal cultures. Vegetative cells are small and ovoid, 17–25 μm long and 14–21 μm wide, and are yellow-brown in color. The epitheca is conical with a conspicuous apical horn, and the hypotheca is hemispherical. The cingular transitional plate has a needle-like spine at its anterior right corner. The plate formula is Po, X, 4″3a, 7″, 5c, 5s 5″and 2″. Although vegetative cells of the present species correspond to Ensiculifera, it is distinct from other species in producing no calcareous cysts. No species of Ensiculifera has been reported to produce cysts composed of only an organic wall. The present species is provisionally placed in the genus Ensiculifera as E. imariense sp. nov.     

KARYOTYPES OF IRIS SPECIES INDIGENOUS TO THE USSR

Randolph , L. F., and Jyotirmay Mitra . (Cornell U., Ithaca, N. Y.) Karyotypes of Iris species indigenous to the USSR. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(10): 862–870. Illus. 1961.—The present center of diversity of the more than 200 species of Iris is in the eastern Mediterranean area of the Balkans and western Asia, with extensions of several important sections of the genus northeastward into the USSR. Karyotype analyses by the authors, previously limited chiefly to European, western Asian and American species, in this study included 10 tall bearded, dwarf bearded, regelia and oncocyclus species obtained from the USSR. A higher number of metacentric chromosomes was found in I. albertii than in any Iris species studied previously, suggesting a primitive status for this species, according to the Lewitsky concept of karyotype evolution. The 24-chromosome dwarfs, I. timofejewii and scariosa, also have more metacentric chromosomes than do Balkan dwarf species with the same chromosome number. Pumila dwarfs of the USSR have either 30, 31, or 32 chromosomes, and evidence of the mechanism concerned in this variation in number was obtained. A rare case of somatic translocation involving non-homologous acrocentric chromosomes was observed, and its significance as a source of chromosomal mutants was considered. The regelia species, I. longiscapa, rarely seen in cultivation, was found to have 18 chromosomes, which is a new number for a regelia species. The oncocyclus species, I. elegantissima and paradoxa, have karyotypes similar to those of other oncocyclus species studied previously. The potential value of Russian species of Iris in the production of more winter-hardy and otherwise desirable new kinds of garden hybrids is discussed.     

NEW TAXONOMIC CRITERIA IN CLASSIFICATION OF CHLOROCOCCUM SPECIES. II. PYRENOID FINE STRUCTURE2

The pyrenoids of 18 Chlorococcum species (including 3 now transferred to Tetracystis) have been investigated at the ultrastructural level. Three categories of pyrenoids were observed, including pyrenoids with unfragmented perforate starch plates in 11 species; those with many separate fragmented starch plates in 6 species; and those with hemispherical starch plates in 1 species. Pyrenoids were further distinguishable on the basis of the number of thylakoid disks or tubules which penetrate the ground substance. Stability and diversity of pyrenoid fine structure as a taxonomic criterion at the specific level have been demonstrated.     

Vier neue Arten der GattungJacaranda (Bignoniaceae) aus dem Südosten Brasiliens

Four new species ofJacaranda have been found in the coastal mountain-ranges of SE-Brazil where they occupy characteristic ecological positions.J. montana andJ. subalpina are related toJ. puberula agg.,J. pulcherrima shows affinities toJ. ulei but also toJ. subalpina. J. crassifolia is very distinct and possibly related toJ. obovata.

     

BACIDIA CAESIOVIRENS,A NEW LICHEN SPECIES FROM WESTERN EUROPE

Bacidia caesiovirensS. Ekman & Holien sp. nov. is described from Norway, and the British Isles. It occurs on trunks of deciduous trees in coastal forests. This species is usually sterile and is characterized by its conspicuously blue-green, granular thallus, which contains a bluish, N+ purple pigment. It is closely related toB. biatorina(Körb.) Vain., but differs from this species in a number of features apart from thallus pigmentation: the thallus granules are smaller, the amount of hyphal projections from the surface of the thallus granules is larger, and the internal pigmentation of the apothecia is different.Bacidia auerswaldii(Hepp ex Stizenb.) Mig. has a similarly granular thallus but differs fromB. biatorinaandB. caesiovirensin having wide, fusiform spores and smaller thallus granules.Bacidia absistens(Nyl.) Arnold has an internal apothecium pigmentation similar toB. caesiovirens, but differs in having a smooth thallus, and an abundance of minute crystals in the excipulum.     

Tillandsia carminea — eine interessante neue Bromeliacee aus dem Orgelgebirge bei Rio de Janeiro (Brasilien)

Tillandsia carminea is a new, morphologically and ecologically distinct species, related toT. stricta Solander, which occurs in the Serra dos Orgaos near Teresopolis, Brazil. It has been taken forT. rosea Lindley, but new investigations have shown thatT. rosea is a synonym toT. stricta and thatT. carminea is a good and distinct species.

     

樟科植物柄锈菌补记

本文报告了樟科植物上的柄锈菌计巧种。其中有4个新种:四川山胡椒柄锈Puccinia linderae-setchuenensis sp. nov.,黄丹木姜子柄锈Puccinia litseae-elongatae sp. nov., 赛楠柄锈Puccinia nothaphoebes sp. nov.和湘楠柄锈Puccinia phoebes- hunanensis sp. nov二新种模式标本保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室。研究了已知种的模式标本,并在文中作了简要讨论。文中附有种的检索表。     

中国的被孢霉种类

被孢霉属(Mortierella Coemans)是接合菌纲(Zygomycetes)、毛霉目(Mucorales)、被孢霉科(Mortierellaceae)中的一个大属,目前已知约有90种;主要存在于土壤、植物残体、动物粪便等基物中。我国过去对被孢霉的研究不多,在《中国真菌总汇》(1979)中记录了8个种。本研究从全国22个省、市、自治区采集的2000多号样品中,分离到约220个被孢霉菌株。本研究主要采用Gams (1970, 1977)的分类系统进行分类鉴定,并对该系统进行了修改。在属下分3个亚属(Micromucor, Mortierella和Gamsiella), 8个组(Actinomortierella, Alpina,Hygrophila, Mortierella, Schmuckii, Simplex, Spinosa和Stylospora),单囊霉(Haplosporangium)被承认为独立的一个属。本研究鉴定出22个种和3个变种,包括一个新种(武夷山被孢霉Mortierella wuyishanensis sp. nov.)和一个新变种(极细无色被孢霉Mortierella hyalina(Harz) W. Gams var. subtilissima var. nov.), 14个中国新纪录。这14个新纪录为:产芽胞被孢霉(Mortierella. gemmifera M. Ellis)、园圃被孢霉(M. horticola Linnem.)、矮小被孢霉(M. humilis Linnem.)、无色被孢霉(M. hyalina(Harz) W. Gams)、印度被孢霉(M. indica B.S. Mehrotra)、英杜被孢霉(M. indohii C.Y. Chien),詹金氏被孢霉(M. jenkinii (A.L. Sm.) Naumov)、可疑极小被孢霉(M. minutissima Tiegh. var. dubia Linnem.)、易变被孢霉(M. mutabilis Linnem.)、微孢被孢霉(M. parvispora Linnem.)、角胞拉曼被孢霉(M. ramanniana(Moller) Linnem. var. angulispora (Naumov) Linnem.)、网孢被孢霉(M. reticulata Tiegh.& G. Le Monn.)、多疣被孢霉(M. verrucosa Linnem.)、轮枝被孢霉(M. verticillata Linnem.)。文中讨论和评价了一些分类性状,还列出分亚属、分组、分种和变种的检索表.每个分类单元都有描述和讨论以及线条图、并列出分布地区。