The Oocysts of Eimeria vermiformis sp. n. and E. papillata sp. n. (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from the Mouse Mus musclus

SYNOPSIS. Eimeria vermiformis sp. n. and E. papillata sp. n. are described from the mouse Mus musculus. The sporulated oocysts of E. vermiformis are 18–26 by 15–21 μ (mean 23.1 by 18.4 μ); its sporocysts are 11–14 by 6–10 μ (mean 12.8 by 7.9 p). The sporulated oocysts of E. papillata are 18–26 by 16–24 μ (mean 22.4 by 19.2 μ); its sporocysts are 10–13 by 6–9 μ (mean 11.2 by 8.0 μ). A substiedal body is present in E. papillata sporocysts. Patent infections were produced in white laboratory mice with both species. Fourteen species of Eimeria have now been described from the genus Mus.     

Trichosporon siamense sp. nov. isolated from insect frass in Thailand

A strain of yeast isolated from insect frass collected in Thailand was found to represent a hitherto undescribed species of a basidiomycetous anamorphic genus Trichosporon. It is described as Trichosporon siamense. In the phylogenetic tree based on the D1/D2 region sequences of 26S rDNA, this yeast constitutes a cluster with several Q-9 having species of Trichosporon including T. otae and T. brassicae but is clearly differentiated from these species by 1.8% or more base substitutions. In the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1 and ITS2), this species differs from T. scarabaeorum, the nearest species, by 6.5% base substitution.     

Corydalis pseudohemsleyana sp. nov. (Papaveraceae) from Hubei,China

Corydalis pseudohemsleyana (Papaveraceae), a new species from western Hubei, central China, is described and illustrated. It is most similar to C. hemsleyana, but differs by its racemes 13–26‐flowered (vs 4–8‐flowered), outer petals truncate to emarginate at apex, with a short mucro in notch (vs obtuse to subacute), and the spurs cylindric (vs conical).     

Stereoselective hydrolysis of optically active isomeric isopulegyl acetates by rhodotorula mucilaginosa and bacillus sp.

A method for isolation of optically pure l-isopulegol from a mixture of its optically active isomers using the microorganisms Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Bacillus sp. is described. Microorganisms hydrolyzed l-isopulegyl acetate (26–40%) and in a small degree d-isopulegol acetate whereas the d-neoisopulegol acetate remained non-hydrolyzed. The optical purity of the chromatographie pure l-isopulegol was 97.6%.     

A DESCRIPTION OF HAPLOZOON AXIOTHELLAE N. SP., AN ENDOSYMBIONT OF THE POLYCHAETE AXIOTHELLA RUBROCINCTA12

A new parasitic dinoflagellate, Haplozoon axiothellae sp. nov., is described from the intestine of the marine polychaete Axiothella rubrocincta. The parasites are 40–175 μm long with 2–26 cells arranged in single or double rows. Two cytoplasmic inclusions previously unknown in this genus are described. The first is globular and varies in size, while the second is approximately 2 μm long and peanut-shaped. The function and composition of the inclusions are unknown. Nuclear structure and karyokinesis are apparently different from those of typical dinoflagellates.     

Three new species of Candida from apple cider: C. anglica, C. cidri and C. pomicola

Three new anamorphic ascomycetous yeasts are described: Candida anglica (type strain NRRL Y-27079, CBS 4262), Candida cidri (type strain NRRL Y-27078, CBS 4241), and Candida pomicola (type strain NRRL Y-27083, CBS 4242). These three species were isolated from cider produced in the United Kingdom, and their identification was determined from unique nucleotide sequences in the species-specific D1/D2 domain of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of D1/D2 sequences placed C. anglica near Candida fragi, C. cidri near Pichia capsulata, and C. pomicola in the Pichia holstii clade.     

Magnolia cattienensis sp. nov. (Magnoliaceae) from Vietnam

A new species of the family Magnoliaceae, Magnolia cattienensis Q. N. Vu from Cát Tiên National Park, in the Lâm ??ng Province, south of Vietnam is described and illustrated. Magnolia cattienensis is most closely related to M. henryi Dunn, but differs by narrowly cuneate and gradually attenuate bases of the leaves (vs broadly cuneate, not attenuated), pilose pedicles (vs glabrous), and villose peduncles (vs glabrescent), pubescent gynoecium (vs glabrous), and fewer mature carpels (26–30 vs 85–90) with dense trichomes (vs glabrous).     

On a new species of Pseudocapillaria (Nematoda: Trichuroidea), P. lepidocephali,from the estuarine fish Lepidocephalus (Lepidocephalichthys) guntea (Hamilton)

Pseudocapillaria lepidocephali n. sp., parasitic in the intestine of the loach Lepidocephalus (Lepidocephalichthys) guntea from the Hooghly estuary at Kalyani, West Bengal, India, is described. The parasite is characterised mainly by its small body size, the structure of the male caudal end (the presence of mediumsized ventro-lateral lobes and the absence of a dorsal membrane), the presence of a non-spinous spicular sheath, the structure of the stichosome (26–34 stichocytes present), and the size and structure of the eggs. This is the first species of the genus Pseudocapillaria described from India and also from the genus Lepidocephalus.     

Bullera begoniae sp. nov. and Bullera setariae sp. nov., two new species of ballistoconidium-forming yeasts in the Bullera variabilis (Bulleribasidium) cluster isolated from plants in Taiwan

Two strains of xylose-containing and Q-10-having ballistoconidiogenous yeasts isolated from plant leaves collected in Taiwan were found to represent two new species of the genus Bullera. In the phylogenetic trees based on the sequence analysis of 18S rDNA and D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA, these species are located in the Bullera variabilis (Bulleribasidum) cluster in Hymenomycetes. They are described as Bullera begoniae sp. nov. and Bullera setariae sp. nov., respectively.     

Eimeria montanaensis n. sp. and E. ernesti n. sp. (Protozoa,Eimeriidae) from the Rocky Mountain Goat Oreamnos americanus*

SYNOPSIS. Oocysts of Eimeria oreamni, E. montanaensis n. sp. and E. ernsti n. sp. were present in a fecal sample collected from a male Rocky Mountain goat Oreamnos americanus in Ravalli County, Montana. Oocysts of E. oreamni were nearly identical to those originally described from this host. Oocysts of E. montanaensis were 15-23 by 13-19 μ (mean 18.9 by 15.2 μ), with sporocysts 8-12 by 4–7 μ(mean 9.9 by 5.2 μ). Oocysts of E. ernsti were 28-37 by 19-26 μ (mean 32.9 by 23.0 μ), with sporocysts 14-20 by 6-9 μ (mean 16.7 by 7.3 μ). A distinct micropyle and micropylar cap were present in E. ernsti.     

Pichia nongkratonensis sp. nov., a new species of ascomycetous yeast isolated from insect frass collected in Thailand

A yeast strain isolated from insect frass collected in Thailand was found to represent a new species of the genus Pichia. It is described as Pichia nongkratonensis sp. nov. In the phylogenetic tree based on the D1/D2 domain sequences of 26S rDNA, this yeast constitutes a cluster with Pichia dryadoides with high bootstrap confidence level; however, it differs from the latter species by 5.6% base substitutions. Pichia nongkaratonensis resembles P. dryadoides also in the phenotypic characteristics but is distinguished from this species by the assimilation of several carbon and nitrogen compounds.     

Eimeria lophortygis n. sp. and E. okanaganensis n. sp. (Sporozoa: Eimeriidae) from California Quail Lophortyx californicus in British Columbia*

SYNOPSIS. Eimeria lophortygis n. sp. and E. okanaganensis n. sp. are described from California quail Lophortyx californicus in British Columbia. Oocysts of E. lophortygis are subspherical to ovoid, 19–26 by 18–20.5 μ (mean, 22.5 by 18.7 μ); sporocysts ovoid, 13–14 by 6–8 μ (mean, 13.7 by 7.5 μ). Prepatent period 72 hours. Oocysts of E. okanaganensis are ovoid to ellipsoidal, 22.5-30 by 17-21 μ (mean, 26.3 by 19.8 μ); sporocysts ellipsoidal, 13-18 by 6-8 μ (mean, 14.0 by 6.5 μ). Prepatent period 104 hours. Cross-transmission attempts with Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix and Leghorn chicks were unsuccessful.     

Pterygodermatites variabilis n. sp. (Nematoda: Rictularioidea) from the Indian gerbils of Pakistan

Pterygodermatites variabilis n. sp. (Nematoda: Rictulalarioidea) from the Indian gerbils Tatera indica collected from Sind and Baluchistan Provinces of Pakistan is described and compared with closely related species of the genus recovered from small mammalian hosts. The new species is characterised by a combination of the following characters: it possesses a regular crown of 26 and 14–38 denticles in male and female specimens respectively, 40–47 pairs of pre-vulvar spines, and a variable position of the vulva in specimens collected from different localities: it also differs in the size of the spicules and gubernaculum.     

A new insertion element, ISH26, from Halobacterium halobium

Summary A new halobacterial insertion element, ISH26, is described which occurs in the genome of Halobacterium halobium NRC817 in at least seven copies. A copy of ISH26 was isolated from the bacterio-opsin gene (bop) of the Bop mutant M140 of strain H. halobium R1 and characterized in more detail. It shows typical structural features of a transposable element with 16 pb terminal inverted repeat sequences and an 11 bp duplication of the target site. Two partially overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) are contained in the sequence of ISH26 on one strand. The terminal 16 bp inverted repeat of ISH26 is almost identical to the first 16 bp of the terminal inverted repeat of the ISH2 insertion element. The remaining sequences of ISH26 and ISH2 are entirely different. Two size variants of ISH26, 1,384 bp and 1,705 bp in size, are found in the H. halobium genome. The larger one (ISH26-1) contains an imperfect duplication of 321 bp at one end of ISH26.     

Rhodotorula lamellibrachii sp. nov., a new yeast species from a tubeworm collected at the deep-sea floor in Sagami Bay and its phylogenetic analysis

A new species of the genus Rhodotorula was isolated from a tubeworm (Lamellibrachia sp.) collected at a depth of 1156 m in Sagami Bay, Japan. Strain SY-89 had physiological properties quite similar to R. aurantiaca. Two phylogenetic trees, one based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and 5.8S rDNA sequences and the other based on the D1/D2 region of the large subunit (26S) rDNA sequences, united strain SY-89 to the type strain of Sakaguchia dacryoides through a considerable evolutionary distance. Strain SY-89 was differentiated from S. dacryoides by the G+C content of the nuclear DNA and differences in the ability to utilize specific carbon and nitrogen compounds. The low complementarity of strain SY-89 DNA to that of the type strain of S. dacryoides confirmed that this strain was genetically unrelated to previously known species. The tubeworm isolates are described as R. lamellibrachii sp. nov. The type strain of R. lamellibrachii is strain SY-89 (= JCM 10907). R. lamellibrachii formed a cluster with Erythrobasidium hasegawianum, R. lactosa, S. dacryoides and Sporobolomyces elongatus on the ITS and 5.8S rDNA phylogenetic tree. These five species shared a signature sequence in 26S rDNA, although this relationship was not supported by phylogeny based on the D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA.     

The evolutionary history of Drosophila buzzatti. XXVI. Macrogeographic patterns of inversion polymorphism in New World populations

Inversion polymorphisms in the second and fourth chromosomes of the cactophilic Drosophila buzzatti in the native distribution range of the species are described. Over 5,000 flies from 26 localities were scored revealing interesting geographic structuring of arrangement frequencies. Multiple regression and partial correlation approaches showed that the frequencies of second and fourth chromosome arrangements vary clinically along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients and to a lesser extent with longitude. Although many non selective explanations can account for this pattern, its resemblance to the clinal pattern described in recently established Australian populations of Drosophila buzzatii, strongly suggests a selective explanation. Additionally, the correlated variation observed between the frequencies of arrangements 2St on the second chromosome and 4St on the fourth suggests a pattern of interchromosomal association, which, when considering the vast area surveyed, might be explained as the result of epistatic interactions. The analysis of population structure revealed a significant regional pattern, concordant with previously described phytogeographic regions. F-statistics showed that the patterns of variation were different not only between the second and fourth chromosomes, but also between second chromosome arrangements, suggesting that selective differentiation might have contributed to population structure. Since D. buzzatii breeds and feeds on the decaying tissues of diverse cactus species present in different phytogeographic regions, it is difficult to distinguish the underlying causes of the geographic patterns observed. However, inversion heterozygosity is not correlated with the diversity of potential cactus hosts. The evidence presented suggests that differential selection may be the main cause for the population structure. It is also possible to conclude that the inversion polymorphism of D. buzzatti is flexible rather than rigid.     

Site specific induction of gene conversion: the effects of homozygosity of the ade6 mutant M26 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe on meiotic gene conversion.

Summary The ade6 mutant M26 of the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe uniquely influences both intragenic recombination and gene conversion of markers within its locus. To determine whether the marker effect of M26 is triggered by informational heterozygosity at that site, tetrads from the cross mat1-P mat2-P ade6-M26 Sup9 ura5xmat1-M mat2-O ade6-M26-M210 Sup9 ura5⁺ were analyzed and the conversion of the distal marker M210 scored. In a sample of 1005 tetrads 14 conversion tetrads were observed 8 of which were 3M26: 1M26-M210, 5 of which were 1M26:3M26-M210 and one of which was 2M26:1M26/M26-M210:1M26-M210. Since the 15.5 aberrant asci expected (frequency of an event at M26 X the probability that the M210 site will be included or (0.031+0.031) (0.25) (1005)=15.5) are not different from the 14 observed, the two doses of M26 act in an additive fashion in this cross. These results are consistent with an interpretation that conversion results from a sequence of events involving site specific breakage at M26, degradation of the broken strand, and the availability of an appropriate template which introduces new information as synthesis proceeds. This is congruent with the parity that is observed reflecting the fact intragenic recombination is signaled with equal probability on each of the strands due to the homozygosity of M26 in this cross. In addition, the single p.m.s. tetrad may be explained on the basis that hybrid DNA is formed, although its production is secondary and not a direct consequence of the processes leading to gene conversion. Given these results, it is possible to conclude that this marker effect is a result of the M26 leision itself and is not signaled as a consequence of specialized interactions involving the corresponding wild type nucleotide sequence.     

SOME PRYMNESIACEAE (HAPTOPHYTA,PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE) FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA,WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES: CHRYSOCHROMULINA LANCEOLATA SP. NOV. AND C. PSEUDOLANCEOLATA SP. NOV.1

Five species belonging to the family Prymnesiaceae (one Prymnesium and four Chrysochromulina) have been identified in cultures obtained from water collected in the Bay of Banyuls‐sur‐Mer (Mediterranean Sea, France) using LM, SEM, and TEM. Two are described as new species, Chrysochromulina lanceolata sp. nov. and C. pseudolanceolata sp. nov. Both species are large and lanceolate with an acute posterior and two anterior arms. They are easily detectable with LM but difficult to distinguish to species level with live cells, without experience. EM reveals two completely different scale patterns in the two species. Cells of C. lanceolata are 21–38 μm long, 7–12 μm wide, and 3–7 μm thick. They possess two subequal flagella (30–51 and 29–44 μm), and the haptonema is shorter than the flagella (23–37 μm). The cell body is covered by plate and spine scales. Cells of C. pseudolanceolata sp. nov. are slightly smaller (15–18 × 6–8 μm) with more rounded extremities, two subequal flagella (19–26 and 17–24 μm), and the haptonema is longer than the flagella (about 35 μm). Three types of plate scales are observed in this species. Other findings are C. alifera Parke et Manton and C. throndsenii Eikrem (a new record for the Mediterranean Sea). Prymnesium faveolatum Fresnel, a new toxic species recently described, is illustrated with both LM and SEM.     

Tonoplast intrinsic proteins from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis): immunological analysis, cDNA cloning and evidence for expression in meristematic tissues

The vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) of plant cells contains aquaporins, protein channels that facilitate the selective transport of water. These tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) of 23–29 kDa belong to the ancient major intrinsic protein (MIP) family. A monospecific polyclonal antiserum directed against a 26 kDa intrinsic protein from the tonoplast of meristematic cells from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) was used to screen a cDNA library. Two distinct cDNAs have been isolated. Both clones, c26-1 and c26-2, encode closely related TIPs. The c26-1 insert, consisting of 933 bp upstream of the poly(A) tail, is a full-length cDNA with an open reading frame encoding a protein of 251 amino acids with a calculated M_r of 25 500. The c26-2 insert is a 5′ truncated cDNA. The two cDNAs share 90.5% sequence identity within their overlapping coding regions but only 35% sequence identity in the 3′␣untranslated regions, indicating that highly related TIP-encoding genes are expressed in meristematic cells. Although TIPs have previously been found in a variety of cell types, they have not been found in meristems. The derived amino acid sequences (BobTIP26-1 and BobTIP26-2, respectively) closely resemble the aquaporin γ-TIP from Arabidopsis thaliana. Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization show that BobTIP26 mRNAs preferentially accumulate in highly meristematic cells, mostly before and during cell enlargement, and in the living cells of the xylem. This differential pattern of expression is also found by immunodetection of BobTIP26 polypeptides. The gene expression patterns are discussed with respect to the probable function of the gene products. Received: 27 March 1997 / Accepted: 20 May 1997     

Hyaloscyphaceae in Japan (7): <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hyaloscypha albohyalina</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">monodictys </Emphasis>var. nov.

 Hyaloscypha albohyalina var. monodictys, a new variety in the family Hyaloscyphaceae, Helotiales with Monodictys anamorph is described and illustrated. Received: June 26, 2002 / Accepted: July 27, 2002 Present address: Strategic Product Portfolio Department, Sankyo Co., Ltd., 3-5-1 Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8426, Japan Tel. +81-3-5255-7040 (Ext. 2528); Fax +81-3-5255-7086 e-mail: hosoya@hq.sankyo.co.jp Correspondence to:T. Hosoya