海洋药物的抗病毒研究

海洋由于其特殊的生态环境,包含着极丰富的生物来源的天然产物。自本世纪七十年代以来,已经从海藻类、海绵类、海鞘类、海星类、腹足动物、棘皮动物、腔肠动物、软体动物、珊瑚及海洋微生物等海洋生物中分离出一系列有抗病毒作用的天然化合物,其中有些结构类型已成为抗病毒药物研究的导向化合物。基本现代分离和分析技术的发展、新的实验模型的建立和在病毒学方面分子生物学研究的进展,从海洋生物中寻找新的抗病毒药物已步入一个     

抗病毒药物筛选研究进展

病毒性传染病严重威胁着人类的健康,随着世界经济的快速发展和全球化步伐的加快,新发、突发病毒性传染病接踵而至,并蔓延流行。由于新发病毒性传染病发现时间短,许多安全且有效的疫苗和药物仍处于研发阶段,小分子药物对治疗病毒性传染病存在巨大潜力,利用天然或合成化合物筛选抗病毒活性物质,以期找到特异性高、毒性小的抗病毒药物,解决传染病病原体感染机制不明情况下药物研发的盲目性。现就近年来抗病毒药物筛选的技术和机制研究进展作一概述,为病毒性传染病的应对提供理论依据。     

海洋生理活性物质的研究及发展趋势

本文概述海洋生理活性物质特有的特异结构和药理作用,对研究治疗心脑血管疾病、癌症和艾滋病等方面的意义及发展前景。阐述我国近年来从海洋生物活性物质中发现如三丙酮胺、喹啉酮、柳珊瑚酸及其衍生物等观种显著生理活性新化合物及１６种海洋生理活性物质;８种已投入市场的海洋药物及保健品。提出对海洋生理活性物质研制成新药的可行途径及应采取的决策和有效措施;提出应用如基因工程、细胞工程、发酵工程和酶学工程等生物技术来研制、生产出纯度高、质量高、成本低的海洋药物资源物质。海洋生物技术领域的迅速发展,对海洋生物活性物质的研究及开发海洋药物具有广阔的应用前景。     

高通量筛选在抗病毒药物筛选中的应用

高通量筛选(high throughput screening, HTS)是以分子和细胞水平的实验方法为基础,在微孔板上以自动化操作系统执行实验过程,通过灵敏快速的检测仪器采集实验数据、运用计算机对实验数据进行实验结果的分析处理.因此HTS具有大量样品的快速筛选、分子和细胞水平的特异性作用靶点、检测系统的高灵敏度、自动化操作系统和数据采集传输处理系统等优点.     

慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒药物的选择

慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗的研究有了明显的进展.1998年前,抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)注册药物只有标准α干扰素;1998年之后,核苷(酸)类似物拉米夫定、阿德福韦酯、恩替卡韦和替比夫定相继用于临床;2005年聚乙二醇化干扰素α-2a(PAGasys)批准上市用于慢性乙型肝炎治疗.这些研究的进展,一方面使临床医生在慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗时有了更多的选择,另一方面也使临床医生在决定治疗方案时面临困难.     

抗非洲猪瘟病毒药物靶点及抗病毒活性物质研究进展

非洲猪瘟（African swine fever,ASF）是由非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）感染引起的具有高度传染性和致死性的猪烈性传染病。至今尚无有效疫苗和治疗药物可用于ASF防控。2018年ASF首次传入我国,几乎席卷了全国所有省份和地区,给我国养猪业造成了巨大经济损失。目前,ASF在世界上多国蔓延且呈现愈演愈烈趋势,导致ASF疫情在我国反弹的风险极大。在ASF疫苗尚未攻克前提下,研制安全有效的抗ASFV药物对疫情防控具有重要意义。本文通过综述抗ASFV药物作用潜在靶点及抗病毒活性物质研究进展,提出靶向ASFV的pS273R酶、Topo II酶、E165R酶、DNA连接酶、p72和pA104R分子以及靶向细胞微管是最有前景的抗ASFV作用靶点,而金雀异黄素、芹菜素、芫花素和杨梅黄酮等黄酮类成分以及多酚类和多糖类物质具有抗ASFV潜力;同时,通过分析目前抗ASFV药物研究存在的问题（尚未经过体内试验验证）进而指出今后需加强的方向（抗ASFV药物临床研究）,以期为抗ASFV新药研制提供参考。     

天然产物抗病毒活性成分的研究进展

按照化学成分结构类型的不同,将近五年来具有抗病毒活性的天然产物研究近况做一综述,旨为以天然产物为研究对象,大力开展开发抗病毒药物提供依据。     

EV71抗病毒药物及疫苗研究进展

手足口病(hand-foot and mouth disease,HFMD)作为全球关注的公共卫生疾病,亚洲地区频发,危害不容小觑.其传播途径广、传染性强、易引起并发症,致病株多样且易变异等特点,均为手足口病的治疗与防控带来挑战.肠道病毒71型(human enterovirus 71,EV71)作为手足口病主要的病原...     

抗病毒的寡糖药物

该文依据寡糖药物抗病毒机制,分别介绍阻止病毒黏附的糖序列模拟物,具有酶抑制剂活性的抗病毒寡糖及糖模拟物,刺激体内免疫作用的糖疫苗及其他一些机制方面抗病毒糖药物的研究进展。     

一类新型的抗病毒药物:病毒进入抑制剂

艾滋病是严重威胁人类健康的病毒性传染病.目前临床上抗人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染的药物主要是针对反转录酶和蛋白酶.反转录酶抑制剂和蛋白酶抑制剂的联合使用能显著降低HIV感染者的发病率和病死率,然而不良反应较大,价格昂贵,而且耐药的问题日益突出.近来一类新型抗HIV药物相继问世,其中T-20已经被美国食品药品管理局(FDA)批准正式在临床使用,此外几十种同类药物已经进入临床试验.     

Quorum Sensing Antagonism from Marine Organisms

With the global emergence of multiresistant bacteria there is an increasing demand for development of new treatments to combat pathogens. Bacterial cell–cell communication [quorum sensing (QS)] regulates expression of virulence factors in a number of bacterial pathogens and is a new promising target for the control of infectious bacteria. We present the results of screening of 284 extracts of marine organisms from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, for their inhibition of QS. Of the 284 extracts, 64 (23%) were active in a general, LuxR-derived QS screen, and of these 36 (56%) were also active in a specific Pseudomonas aeruginosa QS screen. Extracts of the marine sponge Luffariella variabilis proved active in both systems. The secondary metabolites manoalide, manoalide monoacetate, and secomanoalide isolated from the sponge showed strong QS inhibition of a lasB::gfp(ASV) fusion, demonstrating the potential for further identification of specific QS antagonists from marine organisms.     

氨基酸生产和海洋生物的氨基酸资源开发

氨基酸在医药、食品、饲料等领域有着极为重要和广泛的用途,世界上氨基酸总需求量以５～１０％递增,市场竞争十分激烈。生物资源提取、化学合成、生物合成和综合法是生产氨基酸的４种技术,目前的发展趋势为生物合成和综合法,特别是将现代生物工程技术应用于氨基酸生产。另外,氨基酸生产领域另一个新的倾向是海洋生物氨基酸资源的开发和应用,尤其是海洋生物所产生的特殊氨基酸、肽及其衍生物的开发,同时,综合利用海产品加工后的废弃物来生产氨基酸也受到重视。     

Antiviral Activities of Marine Pseudomonas Polysaccharides and Their Oversulfated Derivatives

A marine Pseudomonas species WAK-1 strain simultaneously produces extracellular glycosaminoglycan and sulfated polysaccharide. Among the antiviral activities tested for these polysaccharides, the latter showed anti-HSV-1 activity in RPMI 8226 cells (50% effective concentration is 1.4 μg/ml). Oversulfated derivatives of these polysaccharides prepared by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-mediated reaction for both polysaccharides showed antiviral activities against influenza virus type A (for glycosaminoglycan, 50% effective concentration is 11.0 μg/ml; for another, 2.9 μg/ml). Glycosaminoglycan, sulfated polysaccharide, and their chemically synthesized oversulfated derivatives did not show antiviral activities against influenza virus type B and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. No cytotoxicity of these products was noted against host cells at the 50% cytotoxic concentration of 100 μg/ml, except that naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharide had 50% cytotoxicity against MT-4 cells at 8–21 μg/ml. Received May 1, 1998; accepted July 24, 1998.     

Revelation of Antiviral Activities by Artificial Sulfation of a Glycosaminoglycan from a Marine Pseudomonas

Sulfated derivatives of a glycosaminoglycan containing l-glutamic acid produced by a marine Pseudomonas species, No. 42 strain, were prepared by the method of dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide-mediated reaction. Both low and high degrees of sulfation of the polysaccharides (products A1 and A2, respectively) were investigated for their antiviral activities against influenza virus type A (FluV-A) and B (FluV-B) in MDCK cells. Both preparations showed antiviral activity against FluV-A at the 50% antiviral effective concentration of 17.3 and 5.2 μg/ml, respectively, whereas they had no antiviral activity against FluV-B. No cytotoxicity of either product was noted against MDCK cells at the 50% cytotoxic concentration of 100 μg/ml. Received April 4, 1998; accepted July 24, 1998.     

核苷类药物酶法合成研究进展

由于核苷类似物具有很高的抗病毒活性,因为而已成为医药工作者研究的重点。运用酶法合成核苷类似物．已经显示了巨大的优势。本文综述了酶法合成核苷类似物的产生菌种和酶系,以及它们的催化机理,并罗列了已经用于生产或较有使用价值的菌种。     

Terpenoids from Marine Organisms: Unique Structures and their Pharmacological Potential

Marine organisms produce a wide array of fascinating terpenoid structures distinguished by characteristic structural features. Certain structural classes, e.g. cembrane, chamigrene, amphilectane skeletons, and unusual functional groups such as isonitrile, isothiocyanate, isocyanate, dichloroimine and halogenated functionalities occur predominantly in marine metabolites. Especially striking is the frequent occurrence of sesterterpenes in marine organisms, and sponges must be considered as one of the prime sources of these C₂₅ terpenoid compounds. In most cases however, these structural features are not strictly unique for marine natural products. The prominent biological activity of marine terpenes is evident in their ecological role in the marine environment, and makes them interesting as potential drugs. Several terpenoid compounds, e.g. eleutherobin, sarcodictyin, contignasterol derivatives, are in preclinical or clinical development. Despite the many structures known and their ecological and pharmacological importance, only a few biosynthetic studies on marine terpenoid compounds have been performed.     

Natural Products as Potential Antiviral Drugs: The Specific Case of Marine Biotoxins

Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry - To fight against various viral infections researchers turned to new chemical structures resulting from natural medicinal plants and more recently from...     

Underwater Adhesive of Marine Organisms as the Vital Link Between Biological Science and Material Science

Marine sessile organisms naturally attach themselves to diverse materials in water by a technique that has so far remained unreproducible. Recent studies on the holdfast of marine sessile organisms have revealed natural concepts that are currently beyond our understanding with respect to the molecular design and macroscopic range. The combination of valuable and practical natural design of biotic adhesives as biomolecular materials, together with continuing efforts towards mimetic design, hold the promise of revolution for future materials. This review focuses on recent advances in the study of barnacle underwater cement, a protein complex whose constituents and the properties of individual components are being uncovered. A comparison is made with the model systems used by the mussel and tubeworm.     

天然产物防除海洋污损生物的研究进展

天然防污剂是当前海洋污损生物防除的研究热点,本文综述了天然防污剂的种类和来源,以及天然防污剂的防除机理,并着重叙述了天然防污涂料配制时应关注的问题。