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1.
Under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s mission to protect human health and the environment, the agency seeks to
conduct research on the structure and function of ecosystems and to improve our understanding of the processes that contribute
to the sustained health of the nation’s ecosystems and the well-being of human populations. Changes in biodiversity can profoundly
impact the ability of ecosystems to provide clean water, energy, food, recreation, and other services that contribute to human
well-being. In addition, changes in biodiversity can affect the transmission of infectious disease to humans, particularly
vectorborne diseases such as malaria and Lyme disease. The Environmental Protection Agency’s new initiative supports interdisciplinary
research to characterize the mechanisms that link biodiversity and human health and to use this knowledge to develop integrative
tools and approaches for quantifying and predicting these relationships. Research on these links can have an important impact
on our view of biodiversity and how we manage resources to protect human and ecosystem health.
Disclaimer: This work was funded in part under Grant #CX3-832328 with the American Association for the Advance of Science
(AAAS). The views expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of the Environmental Protection Agency. 相似文献
2.
This paper describes the approach of TOTAL Exploration & Production concerning the protection of biodiversity during oil and
gas exploration and production activities, particularly in sensitive environments such as tropical islands. This approach
was developed according to three stages: knowing biodiversity, protecting biodiversity and, going further, by contributing
to scientific research. This three step approach is embedded in an environment protection policy and an associated set of
actions already implemented for many years. Knowledge of the biodiversity is an indispensable preliminary to evaluating the sensitivity of a site which is likely to be impacted by an industrial activity.
TOTAL E&P Indonésie (TI) has been operating for over 30 years in the East part of Borneo Island in areas of increasing sensitivity
with respect to mangrove ecosystems; for example the Mahakam delta which includes the Tambora, Handil and Tunu fields. This
area was initially covered by dense mangrove vegetation. Regular biodiversity surveys in the delta, especially for fishes,
birds and benthos, have allowed TI to witness the progressive changes occurring in the delta. Reducing significant impacts and conserving biodiversity is considered as an integral part of sustainable development. With regard to the Mahakam delta, in the last decades there
has been a marked increase of local population activities and deforestation due to shrimp-culture development. TI has made
significant efforts with environmental management actions to protect the mangrove ecosystem through several environmental
programs such as minimizing land clearing and reinstating cleared areas. The programs have involved local communities and
other stakeholders such as NGO’s and governmental bodies. Contributing to scientific knowledge of biodiversity is of mutual interest to both science and industry. The TOTAL Group, through its Foundation for Biodiversity and the Sea, has supported the establishment of a comprehensive inventory of the marine biodiversity of the island of Panglao, situated
southwest of Bohol, Philippines. The Panglao Marine Biodiversity project was driven in collaboration between the Muséum National
d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, and the University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines. Recently, another major biodiversity
inventory has been also supported by the TOTAL Foundation: the Santo 2006 biodiversity project. On this island, located in
the Vanuatu archipelago, the research program has focused on four themes: marine, forest, karstic environments and alien species.
Furthermore, TOTAL in partnership with IFREMER, a French oceanographic research centre, has also developed a comprehensive
biodiversity research and development program dedicated to Deep Sea ecosystems. Even if initially focused off Western Africa,
this emerging issue is also of concern in most of the tropical areas in the world where deep offshore environments are present. 相似文献
3.
Motivated by the results of recent laboratory experiments, as well as many earlier field observations, that evolutionary changes
can take place in ecosystems over relatively short ecological time scales, several ‘unified’ mathematical models of evolutionary
ecology have been developed over the last few years with the aim of describing the statistical properties of data related
to the evolution of ecosystems. Moreover, because of the availability of sufficiently fast computers, it has become possible
to carry out detailed computer simulations of these models. For the sake of completeness and to put these recent developments
in perspective, we begin with a brief summary of some older models of ecological phenomena and evolutionary processes. However,
the main aim of this article is to review critically these ‘unified’ models, particularly those published in the physics literature,
in simple language that makes the new theories accessible to a wider audience 相似文献
4.
Indigenous ecological knowledge and natural resource management in the cultural landscape of China’s Hani Terraces 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yuanmei Jiao Xiuzhen Li Luohui Liang Kazuhiko Takeuchi Toshiya Okuro Dandan Zhang Lifang Sun 《Ecological Research》2012,27(2):247-263
Indigenous ecological knowledge (IEK) can contribute to the management of local ecosystems and landscapes. Cultural landscapes
are produced by and reflect the long-term interactions between humans and nature in indigenous societies. Yunnan Province,
located in southwestern China, is the homeland of many ethnic groups, and is also a refuge for numerous species of wild plants
and animals. Indigenous people in Yunnan, who have rich ecological knowledge, play an important role in the conservation of
local biodiversity and the region’s unique terraced agricultural landscapes. We used the Hani people and their outstanding
cultural landscape of rice terraces in Yuanyang County of Yunnan Province as a case study to describe their worldview and
discuss their formation of IEK; their roles in the preservation of rice landraces and in pest regulation; their management
of water, forest, and soil resources; and the vertical landscape pattern and resource-circulation system that has evolved
in the areas managed by the Hani. We also discuss the challenges and threats facing the Hani, their IEK, and their cultural
landscape, as well as discuss the potential for integration of the Hani’s IEK with modern conservation efforts. 相似文献
5.
Most theories of forest biodiversity focus on the role of seed dispersal and seedling establishment in forest regeneration.
In many ecosystems, however, sprouting by damaged stems determines which species occupies a site. Damaged trees can quickly
recover from disturbance and out-compete seedlings. Links among species’ traits, environmental conditions and sprouting could
offer insight into species’ resilience to changes in climate, land use, and disturbance. Using data for 25 Neotropical tree
species at two sites with contrasting rainfall and soil, we tested hypotheses on how four functional traits (seed mass, leaf
mass per area, wood density and nitrogen fixation) influence species’ sprouting responses to disturbance and how these relationships
are mediated by a tree’s environmental context. Most species sprouted in response to cutting, and many species’ sprouting
rates differed significantly between sites. Individual traits showed no direct correlation with sprouting. However, interactions
among traits and site variables did affect sprouting rates. Many species showed increased sprouting in the higher-quality
site. Most nitrogen-fixing species showed the opposite trend, sprouting more frequently where resources are scarce. This study
highlights the use of functional traits as a proxy for life histories, and demonstrates the importance of environmental effects
on demography. 相似文献
6.
Can bison play a role in conserving habitat for endangered sandhills species in Canada? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Thomas A. Fox Chris H. Hugenholtz Darren Bender Cormack C. Gates 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2012,21(6):1441-1455
Relative to their cultivated surroundings, sandhills of the Canadian prairies represent intact, heterogeneous ecosystems.
These extensive tracts of sand dunes and native prairie are biodiversity hotspots, which act as refugia for a variety of specialized
wildlife species. However, due to changes in climate and suppression of natural disturbance, the dunes have experienced drastic
rates of stabilization over the past 200 years, such that the proportion of open sand in the region is currently less than
1%. This continuing trend is resulting in a gradual loss of sparsely vegetated, sandy habitat for many uncommon, specialist
species, including a number that are considered to be at risk of extirpation or extinction by COSEWIC (Canada’s list agency).
Without management to conserve active sandhill habitat the future long-term survival of rare and imperilled dune-dependent
plants and animals is questionable. In this article we propose that the re-introduction of disturbance to southern Canadian
prairie sandhills, specifically sandhill use by bison, might be effective in restoring and sustaining actively-eroding sandhill
habitat to support some threatened and endangered species. We outline several lines of evidence (geological, geomorphological,
archaeological, and historical accounts) indicating bison occupied sandhills and actively modified these ecosystems until
European settlement of the prairies. We argue that bison were attracted to sandhills for a number of reasons, and that in
great numbers they had considerable influence on sandhills ecosystem functions. Behaviours such as grazing, trailing, wallowing,
horning, and trampling created a patchwork mosaic of disturbance effects. We hypothesize that it may be beneficial to reintroduce
bison to sandhills ecosystems in the Canadian prairies to restore biodiversity at all levels. 相似文献
7.
8.
Hyung Wook Park 《Journal of the history of biology》2008,41(3):529-572
The Canadian–American biologist Edmund Vincent Cowdry played an important role in the birth and development of the science
of aging, gerontology. In particular, he contributed to the growth of gerontology as a multidisciplinary scientific field
in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s. With the support of the Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, he organized the first
scientific conference on aging at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, where scientists from various fields gathered to discuss aging
as a scientific research topic. He also edited Problems of Ageing (1939), the first handbook on the current state of aging research, to which specialists from diverse disciplines contributed.
The authors of this book eventually formed the Gerontological Society in 1945 as a multidisciplinary scientific organization,
and some of its members, under Cowdry’s leadership, formed the International Association of Gerontology in 1950. This article
historically traces this development by focusing on Cowdry’s ideas and activities. I argue that the social and economic turmoil
during the Great Depression along with Cowdry’s training and experience as a biologist – cytologist in particular – and as
a textbook editor became an important basis of his efforts to construct gerontology in this direction. 相似文献
9.
Biodiversity dynamics of freshwater wetland ecosystems affected by secondary salinisation and seasonal hydrology variation: a model-based study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Changhao Jin 《Hydrobiologia》2008,598(1):257-270
Freshwater wetlands worldwide are under threat from secondary salinisation and climate change. Given that many freshwater
wetlands naturally have highly variable hydrology, it is important to understand the combined effects of salinity and water
regime on wetland biodiversity. Here a mathematical model has been developed to explore the biodiversity dynamics of freshwater
wetland ecosystems affected by secondary salinisation and seasonal hydrology variation. The model shows that seasonal hydrological
change can drive the wetland ecosystem into a stable oscillatory state of biodiversity, with the same period as the wetting
and drying cycle. The initial condition of a wetland mediates the ecological response of the wetland ecosystem to salinity
and seasonal variability. There are two manifestations of stability that occur in relation to wetland biodiversity: monostability
and bistability. In model simulations, some wetland ecosystems may respond to the effects of seasonal change quickly, while
others may do so more slowly. In ‘slow response’ wetlands, seasonal variability has a weak impact on the ecosystem properties
of stability, resilience, sensitivity and the species richness–mean salinity relationship. In contrast, ‘fast response’ wetlands
are seasonally controlled heavily. Seasonal variability can play a critical role in determining ecosystem properties. Changes
in the strength of seasonality can induce the transition between monostability and bistability. Seasonal variability may also
reduce wetland resilience, exacerbating the risk of secondary salinisation. On the other hand, seasonal variability may provide
opportunities for the restoration of salinised wetlands by increasing their sensitivity to management actions and facilitating
recovery processes. Model simulations show that the response of the stable biodiversity oscillation to changing mean salinity
is dependent on seasonality strength (primarily for fast response wetlands) and other wetland conditions. Generally, there
are two types of wetland responses to changes in mean salinity: type 1 wetlands exhibit a graded response of species richness
(a surrogate for biodiversity), whereas a hysteretic response occurs in type 2 wetlands. Species diversity displays critical
behaviour: regime shifts in diversity occur at the thresholds of mean salinity, strength of seasonality or initial species
diversity. The predictions are consistent with previously-published field observations in salinised freshwater wetlands.
Handling editor: D. Hamilton 相似文献
10.
Roderic D. M. Page 《Organisms Diversity & Evolution》2010,10(4):343-349
In a 2003 essay E. O. Wilson outlined his vision for an “encyclopaedia of life” comprising “an electronic page for each species
of organism on Earth”, each page containing “the scientific name of the species, a pictorial or genomic presentation of the
primary type specimen on which its name is based, and a summary of its diagnostic traits.” Although biodiversity informatics
has generated numerous online resources, including some directly inspired by Wilson’s essay (e.g., iSpecies and EOL), we are
still some way from the goal of having available online all relevant information about a species, such as its taxonomy, evolutionary
history, genomics, morphology, ecology, and behaviour. While the biodiversity community has been developing a plethora of
databases, some with overlapping goals and duplicated content, Wikipedia has been slowly growing to the point where it now
has over 100,000 pages on biological taxa. My goal in this essay is to explore the idea that, largely independent of the aims
of biodiversity informatics and well-funded international efforts, Wikipedia has emerged as potentially the best platform
for fulfilling E. O. Wilson’s vision. 相似文献
11.
Charles W. Fowler 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2008,17(4):841-855
Numerous global changes—notably anthropogenic extinction—force reconsideration of our management practices and the ways we
regulate human influence in today’s world. Here, I define management to maximize biodiversity and illustrate the science that
provides information to set goals for such management. Maximizing biodiversity simultaneously achieves sustainability and
systemic health by avoiding the abnormal or pathological. The normal or sustainable are determined through the use of empirical
integrative patterns to objectively account for the complexity of systems within which we find ourselves as a species. The
science that reveals these integrative patterns provides measures of problems that can be solved by maximizing biodiversity—problems
heretofore recognized only qualitatively. I use the Shannon-Weiner information index to test, and, with no surprise, reject
the null hypothesis that there is no direct anthropogenic effect on biodiversity. The results of this science serve as examples
of the kind of information most useful for guiding management and illustrate maximized biodiversity as a standard for management.
Reference points based on maximized biodiversity are preferable to statistical parameters in meeting the objective of avoiding
the abnormal or pathological in our interactions with other species, ecosystems and the biosphere. Management to maximize
biodiversity is implemented by modifying human interactions with other biotic systems to achieve consistency in such interactions
by mimicking natural role models of sustainability. Human influence is a significant factor in today’s world and the magnitude
of such influence is illustrated by comparing humans with other species. 相似文献
12.
The role of aquatic macrophytes in stimulating biodiversity and maintaining clear waters is currently undisputed. The management
of (eutrophic) shallow waters is therefore often directed at (re-)establishing macrophyte domination. In contrast, the role
of water birds has long been considered of minor importance for the functioning of fresh water ecosystems. Indeed, in terms
of biomass and production, water birds constitute only a minor part of these systems. However, water birds may graze heavily
on water plants under certain circumstances, and the question arises whether herbivorous water birds have an important indirect
effect on shallow fresh water systems. Mainly illustrated with the interaction between Bewick’s Swans and Fennel Pondweed,
we present data on the role that water plants may play in the life of water birds and how water birds may impact water plants’
fitness in terms of survival, production, dispersal and competitive ability. It appears that water plants may be crucial for
water birds during periods of high-energy requirements, such as migration. Despite the plants’ costs associated with water
bird grazing, the interaction between water birds and water plants varies in nature from an apparent predator–prey relationship
to a mutually beneficial interaction depending on the context and the perspective. For the case of the Bewick’s Swan–Fennel
Pondweed interaction, regular bird grazing is sustainable and may actually favour the plant’s dispersal. Thus, Bewick’s Swans
themselves may in fact play a crucial role in establishing and maintaining the Fennel Pondweed rich staging sites between
the swans’ wintering and breeding grounds, which are vital for the swans’ successful migration. 相似文献
13.
Land management: data availability and process understanding for global change studies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Karl‐Heinz Erb Sebastiaan Luyssaert Patrick Meyfroidt Julia Pongratz Axel Don Silvia Kloster Tobias Kuemmerle Tamara Fetzel Richard Fuchs Martin Herold Helmut Haberl Chris D. Jones Erika Marín‐Spiotta Ian McCallum Eddy Robertson Verena Seufert Steffen Fritz Aude Valade Andrew Wiltshire Albertus J. Dolman 《Global Change Biology》2017,23(2):512-533
In the light of daunting global sustainability challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss and food security, improving our understanding of the complex dynamics of the Earth system is crucial. However, large knowledge gaps related to the effects of land management persist, in particular those human‐induced changes in terrestrial ecosystems that do not result in land‐cover conversions. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of ten common land management activities for their biogeochemical and biophysical impacts, the level of process understanding and data availability. Our review shows that ca. one‐tenth of the ice‐free land surface is under intense human management, half under medium and one‐fifth under extensive management. Based on our review, we cluster these ten management activities into three groups: (i) management activities for which data sets are available, and for which a good knowledge base exists (cropland harvest and irrigation); (ii) management activities for which sufficient knowledge on biogeochemical and biophysical effects exists but robust global data sets are lacking (forest harvest, tree species selection, grazing and mowing harvest, N fertilization); and (iii) land management practices with severe data gaps concomitant with an unsatisfactory level of process understanding (crop species selection, artificial wetland drainage, tillage and fire management and crop residue management, an element of crop harvest). Although we identify multiple impediments to progress, we conclude that the current status of process understanding and data availability is sufficient to advance with incorporating management in, for example, Earth system or dynamic vegetation models in order to provide a systematic assessment of their role in the Earth system. This review contributes to a strategic prioritization of research efforts across multiple disciplines, including land system research, ecological research and Earth system modelling. 相似文献
14.
The biodiversity of the 5,000 km-long Great Escarpment of southern Africa is currently poorly known, despite hosting half
of the subcontinent’s centres of plant endemism and to have a rich endemic vertebrate fauna, particularly in the north-west
and east. A country-based overview of endemism, data deficiencies and conservation challenges is provided, with Angola being
the country in most need of Escarpment research and conservation. Given that the Escarpment provides most of the subcontinent’s
fresh water, protection and restoration of Escarpment habitat providing such ecological services is urgently required. Key
research needs are exhaustive biodiversity surveys, systematic studies to test refugia and migration hypotheses, and the effects
of modern climate change. Such research results can then be consolidated into effective conservation planning and co-ordinated
international efforts to protect the rich biodiversity of the Escarpment and the ecological services it provides. 相似文献
15.
《新西兰生态学杂志》2011,27(2):207-220
There is a lack of comprehensive and consistent information to inform policy makers about the status of New Zealands forest biodiversity. Three reasons for collecting such information are: assessing the effectiveness of management, reporting on the status of biodiversity under national and international requirements, and improving our knowledge of ecosystem dynamics for designing effective management systems. The challenge is to design monitoring systems that address these multiple needs simultaneously, and at a range of spatial and temporal scales. This article first considers principles for designing enduring monitoring systems based on past experiences, assessing how effectively these principles were implemented in designing New Zealands Carbon Monitoring System (CMS), and finally, suggesting future directions for forest biodiversity monitoring in New Zealand. At a national scale we support an unbiased, systematic sample of forests as implemented in several countries (e.g. Austria and the U.S.A.). We consider it best practice to monitor shifts in the fundamental compositional, structural and functional characteristics of ecosystems and use these to derive indicators. We suggest forest biodiversity indicators should include forest area and spatial arrangement, tree mortality and recruitment, exotic weeds, introduced herbivore impacts, and woody debris. Principles discussed in this paper are relevant to biodiversity monitoring in a wider range of ecosystems than forests. Without spatially extensive, robustly designed, biodiversity monitoring systems, New Zealand will remain in a relatively weak position nationally, and internationally, to report on the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation. 相似文献
16.
Jeffrey A. McNeely 《Biodiversity and Conservation》1992,1(1):2-18
Humans are making increasing demands on natural ecosystems. One recent study has concluded that our species is consuming or diverting some 40% of the net photosynthetic productivity of our planet. Many habitats are being converted to simpler systems which provide more harvestable goods to people. As a result, genetic diversity, species and whole ecosystems are disappearing; some scientists suggest that as many as 25% of the world's species could be lost in the next several decades.The sinking ark is usually characterized in terms of pollution, habitat loss, poaching, introduced species and illegal trade in wildlife products, but these are symptoms rather than causes. At a more fundamental level, many of the same factors which have enabled pollution to become such a problem have also been responsible for the loss in biodiversity; the most important factor is that the effects of pollutants on biodiversity have been considered an externality, an unintended side effect of industrial activity which brought measurable benefits to people. Development activities which have depleted biodiversity have proven profitable only because the real costs have been hidden.Keeping the ark afloat will require the Five-I Approach: investigation (learning how natural systems function); information (ensuring that the facts are available to inform decisions); incentives (using economic tools to help conserve biodiversity); integration (promoting a cross-sectoral approach to conserving biodiversity); and international support (building productive collaboration for conserving biodiversity). 相似文献
17.
Clive Nettleton Carolyn Stephens Fiona Bristow Susan Claro Thomas Hart Caroline McCausland Ingrid Mijlof 《EcoHealth》2007,4(4):461-471
This article reports previously unpublished results of a collaborative study undertaken in 2003 by health workers of the UK-based
organisation Health Unlimited, and by researchers of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. This study marked the first of a series of collaborative activities aimed at highlighting the situation of Indigenous peoples,
some in the most isolated ecosystems of the planet. While many researchers focus on quantitative analysis of the health and
environmental conditions of Indigenous peoples, our 2003 study aimed at exploring the views of Indigenous peoples in isolated
communities in five countries on their environment and their health. In this article we look closely at the web of knowledge
and belief that underpins Indigenous peoples’ concepts of health and well-being, and their relationship to land and the environment.
Although many Indigenous people have been forced off their traditional lands and live in rural settlements, towns, and cities,
there are still a large number of people living in very small Indigenous communities in remote areas. This article focuses
on 20 such communities in six countries. We explore traditional knowledge and practice and its relationship to Western medicine
and services. The research findings highlight the importance of Indigenous knowledge systems for the emerging ecohealth community
and suggest that we have much to learn from Indigenous peoples in our pursuit of a more holistic science.
Utz Wachil is from the K’iche language originating in Totonicapan Department, Guatemala. It translates literally as “fine/well
face-ness,” face meaning one’s aspect in general, not only physical appearance. 相似文献
18.
Indicators for biodiversity and ecosystem services: towards an improved framework for ecosystems assessment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christian K. Feld José Paulo Sousa Pedro Martins da Silva Terence P. Dawson 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2010,19(10):2895-2919
Ecosystem assessment and monitoring requires the development and application of suitable indicators, i.e. they need to be
(i) reliable and capable of simplifying complex relationships, (ii) quantifiable and transparent in order to enable an easy
communication, and (iii) fit for the purpose of indication. These requirements are scarcely fulfilled in current ecosystem
assessment and monitoring efforts to address the requirements of international biodiversity conventions. Here we present and
test a set of seven criteria towards an improved framework for ecosystems indication with particular emphasis on the indication
of biodiversity and ecosystem services: purpose of indication, indicator type according to the EEA’s Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response
scheme, direct/indirect linkages to biodiversity and ecosystem services, spatial scale and scalability across scales, applicability
of benchmarks/reference values, availability of data and protocols, and applicability of remote sensing. The criteria are
tested using 24 indicators of ecosystem assessment and monitoring at the global, continental and regional scale. Based on
the general trends revealed by our evaluation, we present recommendations to streamline and improve ecosystem indication with
respect to international biodiversity conventions. The implementation of our recommendations does require concerted international
effort, comparable, for instance, to the implementation of the Water Framework Directive in Europe. 相似文献
19.
Tigga Kingston 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2010,19(2):471-484
Southeast Asia is a critical area for biodiversity conservation; levels of species richness and endemism are among the highest
in the world, but rapid land-use changes endanger much of the region’s fauna. Bats are a critical component of this diversity,
comprising nearly a third of Southeast Asia’s mammal species and providing vital ecological and economic services. However,
nearly half the species are of conservation concern and as many as 40% of bat species are predicted to be extinct by the end
of this century if current deforestation rates persist. Conservation efforts are urgently needed, and the taxonomic continuity
of Southeast Asia and the prevalence of major threats throughout suggest that a region-wide initiative could be an effective
approach. The Southeast Asian Bat Conservation Research Unit (SEABCRU) was established in 2007 to provide an organizational
framework to both accelerate the advancement of bat research, and to coordinate conservation efforts. The SEABCRU is an informal
collaboration among institutes, NGOs and individuals and provides a web-based forum for the growing number of researchers
and outreach workers to interact and coordinate activities. It was launched at the 1st International Southeast Asian Bat Conference
in Thailand (May 2007), during which a forum was held to derive conservation research priorities using a consensus approach.
Four priorities were identified by participants: flying fox conservation and monitoring, taxonomy, conservation of cave-dependent
bats, and conservation of forest-dependent bats. Here I provide an overview of the rationales behind these priorities and
list the specific recommendations for the actions identified. 相似文献
20.
We performed a bibliometric analysis of published biodiversity research for the period of 1900–2009, based on the Science
Citation Index (SCI) database. Our analysis reveals the authorial, institutional, spatiotemporal, and categorical patterns
in biodiversity research and provides an alternative demonstration of research advancements, which may serve as a potential
guide for future research. The growth of article outputs has exploded since the 1990s, along with an increasing collaboration
index, references, and citations. Ecology, environmental sciences, biodiversity conservations, and plant science were most
frequently used subject categories in biodiversity studies, and Biological Conservation, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Conservation Biology and Biodiversity and Conservation were most active journals in this field. The United States was the largest contributor in global biodiversity research, as
the U.S. produced the most single-country and collaborative articles, had the greatest number of top research institutions,
and had a central position in collaboration networks. We perceived an increasing number of both internationally collaborative
and inter-institutionally collaborative articles, with the latter form of collaboration being more prevalent than the former.
A keyword analysis found several interesting terminology preferences, confirmed conservation’s central position as a topic
in biodiversity research, revealed the adoption of advanced technologies, and demonstrated keen interest in both the patterns
and underlying processes of ecosystems. Our study reveals patterns in scientific outputs and academic collaborations and serves
as an alternative and innovative way of revealing global research trends in biodiversity. 相似文献