杜氏盐藻psaB基因cDNA的克隆与序列分析

根据真核生物莱茵衣藻(Chlamydornonas reinhardtii)、Chlamydomonas moewusii、Chlorella vulgaris以及Mesostigma viride的psaB基因的氨基酸高度保守序列,设计一对简并引物,利用TRIzol试剂提取杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella salina)细胞的总RNA,通过RTPCR,得到的一段长为1．8kb左右的cDNA片段。PCR产物经T-A克隆并测序分析以及测序结果推导成氨基酸序列进行同源性比较．表明所克隆的1815bp序列为杜氏盐藻psaB cDNA片段,GenBank收录号为AY820754。根据已经得到的psaB序列推导成氨基酸序列与一些已知物种的psaB基因相比较,同源性分别为Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 92％,Chlamydornonas moewusii 91％,Chlorella vulgaris 86％,Mesostigma viride 85％,Physcomitrella patens subsp．Patens 85％,Nephroselmis olivacea 84％。据此可推断本实验中所克隆的序列为杜氏盐藻psaB cDNA序列.     

杜氏盐藻泛素基因cDNA的克隆及系统进化分析

根据玉米,水稻等物种泛素序列设计一对简并引物.提取杜氏盐藻细胞的总RNA,利用RT-PCR方法扩增盐藻泛素基因的cDNA片断,回收两个长度不同的片断ubi-1和ubi-2,将其克隆到pMDl8-T载体上,测序后进行序列分析,为克隆杜氏盐藻泛素基因的cDNA序列并进行进化分析.结果 ubi-1经测序后得到一个完整拷贝(228 bp)和一个不完整的泛素cDNA序列(191 bp).Ubi-2经测序后得到两个拷贝(556 bp)和一个不完整的泛素cDNA序列(191 bp).盐藻3个不同拷贝泛素cDNA序列之间存在差异,但所编码氨基酸序列相同.盐藻泛素cDNA序列与其他物种的泛素cDNA序列具有高的同源(70%～85%),所推导的氨基酸序列与其他物种仅存在1～2个氨基酸的差异.进化分析显示,所分离的盐藻泛素基因与两个模式生物果蝇和衣藻的泛素基因共处一个进化支,彼此亲缘关系最近.盐藻泛素基因与其他物种的泛素基因可能来自共同的"祖先"基因.在进化中高度保守.     

盐藻线粒体GIY-YIG族归巢内切酶基因受到盐胁迫时增强转录

盐藻 (Dunaliellasalina (Chlorophyta) )极强的耐盐能力使之成为研究植物耐盐分子机制的重要模式生物 .在前期分离到的一个盐藻基因片段在盐胁迫时增强表达的基础上 ,通过RACE获得了该基因 5′端cDNA序列及部分 3′端cDNA序列 .序列分析结果表明 ,该基因是一个编码线粒体GIY YIG族归巢内切酶的Ⅰ型内含子基因 .RNase freeDNase处理及Northern杂交结果表明 ,盐藻线粒体DNA在盐处理组中可能发生了扩增 .这些结果结合前人的研究成果说明 ,该内含子基因的增强表达可能并非盐藻对抗盐胁迫的一种手段 ,而是盐藻对抗盐胁迫的副产品 .被该内含子基因插入的基因是盐藻对抗盐胁迫所需要增强表达的 .线粒体DNA的扩增可能是细胞在受到盐胁迫时线粒体数量增加的结果     

杜氏盐藻GAPDH cDNA的克隆鉴定及其启动子功能表达载体的构建

根据藻类甘油醛3-磷酸脱氢酶(Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH)氨基酸高度保守序列设计简并引物,采用5',3'-RACE和巢式PCR的方法,得到了杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella salina)GAPDH cDNA全长序列.序列同源性比较和进化树等生物信息学分析结果表明,根据获得的盐藻GAPDH的核酸序列推导的氨基酸序列与其他已知物种的GAPDH有较高的同源性.定向克隆于原核表达载体的盐藻GAPDH cDNA在大肠杆菌中以融合蛋白的形式得到了高效表达,并成功构建了由盐藻GAPDH基因启动子驱动的cat(氯霉素乙酰转移酶)基因表达载体pUCGCat,为进一步研究杜氏盐藻GAPDH基因和启动子功能奠定了试验基础.     

SOEing 法构建EGFP真核表达载体及其在杜氏盐藻中的表达

通过重叠区扩增基因拼接法（Gene splicing by overlap extension,SOEing）构建含有杜氏盐藻（Dunaliella salina）硝酸盐还原酶（NR）基因5′-上游序列（Pnr）and 3′-端序列（Tnr）的EGFP真核表达载体,并将其转化杜氏盐藻。利用改进的SOEing法,将杜氏盐藻NR基因Pnr与报告基因EGFP cDNA融合,并与pEGM-7zf克隆载体连接,顺序将盐藻NR基因Tnr序列与融合片段相连,构建含Pnr-EGFP-Tnr表达盒的盐藻真核表达载体p7NET。电击法转化杜氏盐藻,在盐藻转化株中观察到了EGFP的瞬时表达。此研究为转基因杜氏盐藻研究和成功建立杜氏盐藻生物反应器奠定了实验基础。     

通过cDNARDA法分离和识别盐藻(Dunaliella salina)盐胁迫相关基因

采用cDNA代表性差异分析 (RDA)技术 ,对盐藻在盐胁迫时差异表达的基因进行了分离鉴定 .在分离到的 10个基因中 ,有 5个与已知基因同源 (包括叶绿素a b结合蛋白基因、蛋白磷酸酶I催化亚基基因和 3个核糖体蛋白基因 ) ,还有 5个未知功能基因则是首次在盐藻中被分离 .值得注意的是 ,所有这 5个已知基因的功能都与细胞分裂或盐胁迫有关 .结果表明 :取样时盐藻细胞仍处于恢复阶段 ,所分离到的基因对于盐藻耐盐可能具有重要意义 ;蛋白磷酸酶I的下调表达可能是盐藻调节离子平衡的一个重要过程和细胞分裂受阻的原因所在 ;盐藻减缓细胞分裂速度可能是为了减少能量消耗 ,以留出足够的能量来应对盐胁迫 ;其它 5个未知基因可能也与盐藻适应盐胁迫机制有关 .     

杜氏盐藻基因工程研究现状及应用前景

杜氏盐藻(简称盐藻)作为一种新型生物反应器,成为藻类基因工程的研究热点之一.利用基因工程手段对盐藻进行遗传重组改造以生产外源性物质是目前研究的重要领域.从盐藻相关基因的克隆、cDNA文库的建立、基因组文库的构建、筛选标记的确立和外源基因的表达等五个方面概述了国内外盐藻基因工程的研究进展,并对基因工程技术在盐藻深入研究中的应用作了前景展望.     

杜氏盐藻的耐盐机制研究进展和基因工程研究的展望

概述了杜氏盐藻 (Dunaliellasalina)的耐盐机制和基因工程的研究进展。盐藻的耐盐机制十分复杂 ,短时间内通过细胞体积的改变来调节渗透压平衡 ,之后通过甘油的合成与转化恢复细胞正常形态和大小。渗透调节过程中 ,还涉及到蛋白质的合成。cDNA文库和基因组文库已经建立 ;几种基因已被克隆 ,如碳酸酐酶基因和硝酸还原酶基因等 ;GUS(β_葡糖苷酸酶 )基因已成功地转入盐藻细胞内。另外 ,对盐藻的基因工程作了简单的展望     

杜氏盐藻（Dunaliella salina）基因工程的研究现状及应用前景

杜氏盐藻（简称盐藻）作为新型的生物反应器,成为藻类基因工程的研究热点之一。利用基因工程手段对盐藻进行遗传改造以生产外源物质是目前研究的重要领域。本文从盐藻相关基因的克隆、cDNA文库的建立、基因组文库的构建、筛选标记的确立和外源基因的表达等五个方面全面概述了国内外盐藻基因工程的研究进展,特别是对最新的研究结果进行了综述,并对基因工程技术在盐藻深入研究中的应用做了前景展望。     

杜氏盐藻的耐盐机制研究进展和基因工程研究的展望

概述了杜氏盐藻（Dunaliella salina）的耐盐机制和基因工程的研究进展。盐藻的耐盐机制十分复杂,短时间内通过细胞体积的改变来调节渗透压平衡,之后通过甘油的合成与转化恢复细胞正常形态和大小。渗透调节过程中,还涉及到蛋白质的合成。cDNA文库和基因组文库已经建立;几种基因已被克隆,如碳酸酐酶基因和硝酸还原酶基因等;GUS（β_葡糖苷酸酶）基因已成功地转入盐藻细胞内。另外,对盐藻的基因工程作了简单的展望。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.