菠菜和蚕豆叶绿体CF1结构与功能的比较

比较了菠菜和蚕豆叶绿体的光合磷酸化活力以及由不同活化方法活化的叶绿体及可溶ＣＦ１的Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ和Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的活力,观测到两种叶绿体ＡＴＰａｓｅ的合成和水解ＡＴＰ的功能有明显差异。从两种叶绿体ＣＦ１的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ图谱上可见蚕豆ＣＦ１的ε亚基分子量明显上于菠菜的,蚕豆ＣＦ１的α和β亚基间分子量的差别也比菠菜的小。     

CF0质子传导对两光系统间光能分布的影响

用饱和闪光法测定类囊体中叶绿素荧光猝灭。观察到作用于质子通道ＣＦ０的氯化三苯基锡促进ｑＱ而降低ｑＥ,ＤＣＣＤ无此作用。在解联条件下或在高盐介质中ＴＰＴ对ｑＱ的促进作用消失;在Ｈ２Ｏ－ＰＤ０Ｘ或Ｈ２Ｏ－ＰＢＱ电子传递系统中此促进作用亦消失;用调制荧光法或低温荧光测定均表现ＴＰＴ增加了两光系统间光能分布的不平衡,有利于光能在ＰＳＩＩ的分布。     

Na2SO3和NaHCO3对叶绿体CF1—ATPase活力作用的机制

Ｎａ２ＳＯ３对热－ＤＴＴ活化的游离ＣＦ１及类囊体膜上ＣＦ１－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力均有显著的促进作用,ＮａＨＣＯ３亦有明显的促进作用,Ｎａ２ＳＯ３和ＮａＨＣＯ３的促进作用与它们解除Ｍｇ＾２＋的抑制作用有关,从ＮａＨＣＯ３和Ｎａ２ＳＯ３及它们与Ｍｇ＾２＋之间的竞争性关系。表明三者是结合在酶的同一部位上。Ｎａ２ＳＯ３可明显降低热－ＤＴＴ活化的游离ＣＦ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ催化反应的活化能,这可能与促进产物ＡＤＰ的翻     

低温弱光下类囊体腔内质子由CF0渗漏引起黄瓜类囊体耦联度降低

毫秒延迟发光测定结果表明低温弱光处理黄瓜叶片导致类囊体原位（ｉｎ ｓｉｔｕ）耦联度显著降低。ＤＣＣＤ可以恢复低温弱光处理的黄瓜叶片的毫秒延迟发光的慢相强度和反映类囊体膜质子吸收的９－ＡＡ（９－Ａｍｉｎｏａｃｒｉｄｉｎｅ）荧光猝灭能力,说明类囊体耦联度降低的原因是质子由ＣＦ０大量快速渗漏。进一步研究结果表明,活性氧和ＣＦ１的脱落不是低温弱光引起黄瓜类囊体耦联度降低的根本原因。     

洋葱伯克霍尔德菌发酵产抗菌物质CF66I温度控制策略

在3.7 L发酵罐中考察了不同温度23℃～33℃对洋葱伯克霍尔德菌CF-66发酵产抗菌物质CF66I的影响,并对不同温度下的发酵过程进行了动力学特性分析。在此基础之上,提出抗菌物质CF66I合成的分阶段控制策略：发酵过程0～20 h控制温度在30℃,20 h后温度控制在25℃至发酵结束。采用此温度控制策略进行了CF66I的发酵,CF66I的活性达到了3.783 u/mL,比采用单一温度下的最大值提高了26.1%。     

Substitutions of the Conserved Gly47 Affect the CF1 Inhibitor and Proton Gate Functions of the Chloroplast ATP Synthase ε Subunit

The conserved residue Gly47 of the chloroplast ATP synthase ε subunit was substituted with Leu, Arg, Ala and Glu by site-directed mutagenesis. This process generated the mutants εG47L, εG47R, εG47A and εG47E, respectively. All the ε variants showed lower inhibitory effects on the soluble CF1(-ε) Ca^2 -ATPase compared with wild-type ε. In reduced conditions, εG47E and εG47R had a lower inhibitory effect on the oxidized CF1(-ε) Ca^2 -ATPase compared with wild-type ε. In contrast, εG47L and εG47Aincreased the Ca^2 -ATPase activity of soluble oxidized CF1(-ε). The replacement of Gly47 significantly impaired the interaction between the subunit ε and γ in an in vitro binding assay. Further study showed that all ε variants were more effective in blocking proton leakage from the thylakoid membranes. This enhanced ATP synthesis of the chloroplast and restored ATP synthesis activity of the reconstituted membranes to a level that was more efficient than that achieved by wild-type ε. These results indicate that the conserved Gly47 residue of the ε subunit is very important for maintaining the structure and function of the ε subunitand may affect the interaction between the ε subunit, β subunit of CF1 and subunit Ⅲ of CF0, therebyregulating the ATP hydrolysis and synthesis, as well as the proton translocation role of the subunit Ⅲ of CF0.     

洋葱伯克霍尔德菌（Burkholderia cepacia）CF-66发酵生产新型抗菌物质CF66I培养基的优化

利用基于统计学的实验设计RSM（Response surface methodology）优化了Burkholderia cepacia CF-66产新型抗菌活性物质CF66I的发酵培养基组成。首先,用部分重复因子实验对培养基组分NH4Cl,MgSO4·7H2O,柠檬酸钠及酵母粉浓度对菌株产CF66I的影响进行评价,找出主要影响因子为柠檬酸钠和酵母粉。两者均为正影响,其他组分对CF66I活性的影响不显著。其次用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域。最后用中心组合设计及响应面分析确定主要影响因子的最佳浓度。菌株在优化培养基中培养较初始培养基CF66I活性提高了约两倍。     

三苯基锡,二环己基碳二亚胺和寡霉素对叶绿体CF0与CF1功能联系的影响

作用于H~ —ATP酶复合体质子通道的能量传递抑制剂 TPT、DQCD和 OM能明显抑制叶绿体光合磷酸化反应和膜上 ATP酶活性,减小恒态ΛpH值,加速ΛpH和515 nm吸收衰减。这种在正常叶绿体加速H_(in)~ 经CF_0外流与在残缺膜中阻塞质子外流不一致。TPT等物质是干扰了CF_0与CF_1的构象连接,使 CF_0的质子传导失去CF_1的控制,H_(in)~ 无效漏失或质子逆向转移受影响,从而抑制与质子传导紧密相关的光合磷酸化反应和膜上ATP酶活性。     

重装于平板脂双层膜的叶绿体CF_0－CF_1复合体的通透特性

叶绿体Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ（ＣＦ０－ＣＦ１复合体）是光合磷酸化系统能量转换的关键装置。本工作报告,从菠菜提取、纯化了这种复合体,并成功地将其重装于平板磷脂双层膜。在电压钳位下,观察到,随着ＣＦ０－ＣＦ１复合体的参入,出现跨膜通道样活动电导变化,这种变化可被Ｄｉｃｙｃｌｏｈｅｘｌ－ｃａｒｂｏｄｉｉｍｉｄｅ（ＤＣＣＤ）所抑制;参入了ＣＦ０－ＣＦ１复合体的脂双层的稳态膜电导随膜两侧Ｈ＾＋浓度梯度的提高而     

Control of chloroplast ATP synthase (CF0CF1) activity by Δ pH

A biphasic decay of the thiol modulated ATPase activity is observed at fast deenergization of the thylakoids achieved by turning off the light and simultaneous injection of the uncoupler nigericin. Most likely the rapid phase (_1/2 = 5 s) represents an unstable, active E_f-form of the enzyme which decays to a less active, but more stable E_s-form. The two forms have different substrate affinities. Deactivation and reactivation kinetics indicate that the transition from the E_f- to the E_s-form is reversible, requires a low proton gradient (1 to 2 pH units) and most probably involves the release and binding, respectively, of two protons from the thylakoid lumen phase to sites which have an apparent pK of 6.6. The E_s-form decays to the inactive E_i-form with a half time of 90 s. Reactivation of the completely deactivated enzyme is a two-stage process comprising protonation of sites with a pK of 6.8 followed by protonation of sites of pK 4.9. The intermediate E_s'-form has a decay time which is similar to that of the E_s-form, but a different K_m for ATP. Therefore we conclude that activation is not the exact reversal of deactivation. The results are discussed in terms of a model of H+-linked activation/deactivation.     

The frequency of the CF ΔF508 deletion in CF chromosomes of different ethnic origin

Summary The identification of the molecular defect in a significant proportion of cystic fibrosis families (in our series up to 60%) allows direct DNA diagnosis.     

蚕豆叶绿体atpE基因的克隆,测序和表达

蚕豆叶绿体的ａｔｐＥ和ａｔｐＢ基因在叶绿体ＤＮＡ ＫｐｎＩ酶切的第九条（约４．０ｋｂ）片段上,此片段被克隆到载体ｐＵＣ１８中,构成重组质粒ｐＵＫ１。用玉米叶绿体ａｔｐＥ基因作探针对ｐＵＫ１的ＣｌａＩ、ＥｃｏＲＩ等的酶切产物进行杂交,确定了蚕豆叶绿体的ａｔｐＥ在ＣｌａＩ酶切的约０．９ｋｂ的片段上。根据ｐＢｕｌｅｓｃｒｉｐｔ ＫＳ（＋）ＤＮＡ多聚接头Ｆ引物和Ｒ引物测序,得到ε亚基基因的完整核苷酸序列。     

DNA酶缓解CF患者的呼吸困难

在治疗囊性纤维变性(CF)的Ⅰ期临床试验中,重组DNA酶能使肺功能提高10～20％,并显著改善16位受试患者中11位的呼吸状况。试验由国立心脏、肺和血液研究所(Belhesda,MD)的Ronald Crystal主持,将天然DNA剪切酶的Genentech Incis(S.San Francisco,CA)rDNA离体喷雾施于患者。 CF患者的肺易于感染,因为其中累积了厚厚的粘液。为抗感染,白细胞集结于肺部,其裂解后产生     

Direct dynamics simulations of the hydrogen abstraction reaction Cl + CF3CF2CH2OH

The mechanism and kinetics of 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanol (CF₃CF₂CH₂OH) reaction with Chlorine atom (Cl) is investigated in this work. Two hydrogen abstraction channels of the title reaction are identified. The geometries of all the stationary points in the potential energy surface are obtained at the BHandHLYP/6-311G** level, and the energies of the selected points along the minimum energy path (MEP) are improved by the CCSD(T) method. A dual-level direct dynamics method is employed to study the kinetic nature of the hydrogen-abstraction reaction channels. The calculated rate coefficients show that the hydrogen abstraction from the CH₂ group is the primary channel. The calculated total rate coefficients are in best agreement with the experimental values. The four-parameter rate coefficients expression of the title reaction between the temperatures 200 K and 1000 K is provided.     

镁,钙子对组装于人工膜上CF0—CF1质子传导的影响

在电压箝位下,研究Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｃａ＾２＋对重组于平板脂双层上ＣＦ０－ＣＦ１质子传导的影响,表明：（１）跨膜质子梯度０时（ΔｐＨ＝０）,在３０￣１５０ｍＶ范围内有大量的金Ｃａ＾２＋引起的正电流比在无金属离子溶液中的一定幅度的增加。在５０ｍＶ以上,Ｍｇ＾２＋比Ｃａ＾２＋有更大的促进正向电流的作用;（２）当ΔｐＨ＝３时,Ｍｇ＾２＋比Ｃａ＾２＋更有显著增加正向膜电流的作用,电压在０ｍＶ时就已显示出来;（３