Unaltered metabolism of taurolithocholic acid with changes in composition of rat intestinal microflora

Changes in composition of both total aerobes and anaerobes of rat intestinal microflora do not appear to affect the metabolism of taurolithocholic acid.     

Influence of antibiotics on some intestinal microflora associated characteristics

Intestinal functions related to the presence of microbes in host organisms are normally heavily influenced by administration of antimicrobial drugs. We have investigated the effect of several antibiotics in man and rat, on some MACs (Microflora Associated Characteristics). A MAC is defined as the recording of any anatomical structure, biochemical or physiological function in the host organism which is influenced by microflora. When functional, active microbes are absent as in germfree animals, healthy newborns, or in relation to antimicrobial therapies, a MAC defined as a GAC (Germfree Animal Characteristic). Faecal samples have been collected prior to, during and up to several weeks after the antimicrobial administration in order to investigate different MAC/GAC patterns. Microbial conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol, bilirubin to urobilinogen and 7-alpha-dehydroxylation of cholic acid have been investigated to evaluate hepatic/intestinal co-functions, and degradation of intestinal mucin in order to evaluate the integrity in the intestinal mucosa. Furthermore, degradation of the dietary derived beta-aspartylglycine, the level of faecal trypsin and production of short chain fatty acids were investigated to evaluate dietary/intestinal co-functions. It is concluded that each antimicrobial drug creates its own profile, both with regard to duration and function.     

Influence of lead on the microflora of the soil]

In the soil, bacteria are not inhibited by lead. In vitro great sensibility of bacteria and resistance phenomena of gram plus bacteria are showed. Lead is attracted by clay-humic complexes and becomes unavailable for microorganisms.     

Insulin-induced alterations in amino acid metabolism in the fetal lamb

To investigate the role of insulin in modulation of fetal amino acid metabolism, insulin infusions were performed in 10 chronically-catheterized fetal lambs. Fetal insulin infusion caused a dose related fall in the arterial blood concentrations of 13 of 15 amino acids studied as well as a 15-25% decrease in total amino acid concentration. Fetal lambs exhibited a biphasic response of umbilical total amino acid uptake when compared to fetal blood insulin concentration, i.e., at achieved fetal insulin concentrations less than 100 microU/ml, umbilical uptake of 9 specific amino acids as well as summed amino acid uptake from the umbilical circulation were depressed, but at insulin concentrations of 100-350 microU/ml, amino acid uptakes were similar to or above control values. Insulin infusion also caused a drastic diminution in the rate of fetal urea excretion. These findings suggest that insulin acts in the fetus to depress amino acid catabolism, thus altering amino acid extraction and uptake. Depressed protein catabolism with or without enhanced amino acid uptake would have the theoretical effect of stimulation of net protein synthesis with a shift toward use of nonprotein substrates for energy purposes.     

氨基酸和二肽组成对嗜压微生物蛋白质稳定性的影响

【目的】 比较嗜压和非嗜压微生物中蛋白质在氨基酸和二肽组成上的差异对嗜压蛋白稳定性机理的了解及在此基础上的定向改造具有重要意义。【方法】利用4种微生物全蛋白质组信息,统计了639对直系同源序列二级结构氨基酸组成及二肽组成并计算其偏差。【结果】结果表明：在β折叠和无规则卷曲中二者差异明显,β折叠中,嗜压蛋白含更多的缬氨酸,异亮氨酸,亮氨酸,更少的精氨酸,赖氨酸,天冬氨酸;无规则卷曲中,嗜压蛋白含更多的缬氨酸和异亮氨酸,更少的甘氨酸和脯氨酸。而嗜压蛋白存在更多的YM、MN、KD、QC、CI、MW、MM、CY、WQ、HC、RC和QH,更少TW、MS、VD、DH、YE、CT、MW、CF、CK、CM、MY、QI、TH、MQ、QQ和MC。【结论】二肽比氨基酸包含更多的结构和序列信息,更有利于了解嗜压蛋白稳定性机制及指导其定向改造。     

Effect of lincomycin treatment on intestinal microflora composition and its bile-acid-metabolizing activity

We have attempted to determine the influence of lincomycin treatment by oral route on the qualitative and quantitative composition of intestinal microflora and on its activity in deconjugating and 7-dehydroxylating bile acids. Fresh feces from ten patients without preexisting bowel disease were analyzed before and after antibiotic therapy. Our results show that, after antibiotic therapy, the number of microorganisms that 7-dehydroxylate cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids was greatly decreased, whereas no significant alteration was observed in the total count of microorganisms deconjugating taurocholic and glycocholic acids.Bacteroidaceae and bifidobacteria were almost completely eliminated, and lactobacilli and coliforms were significantly reduced, whereas the number of anaerobic microorganisms was virtually unaffected.     

Influence of intestinal microflora on the tryptic activity during lactation in rats

On comparing germ-free and conventional rats, inactivation of the tryptic activity was found to take place in the caecum of conventional adult rats only. A microbial intestinal inactivation of the tryptic activity was established in suckling conventional rats within 10 days after birth. At 3 weeks of age, suckling germ-free rats were found to have less faecal tryptic activity than their early-weaned littermates.     

Influence of substrate on the amino acid profile and macromolecular composition of a Brevibacterium species

Brevibacterium JM98A (ATCC 29895) was grown aerobically in carbon-limited continuous culture on the following substrates: gluconic acid, galactose, fumaric acid, glutamic acid, and aspapagine. Both whole and trichloacetic acid(TCA)-ex-tracted cells were analyzed for their amino acid compositions. No significant variations of amino acid profile were induced by change of substrate. Only the valine content varied significantly with growth rate. Some significant variations were observed between whole and extracted cell samples, primarily in the levels of the essential amino acids threonine, cystine, and valine.     

The effect of fermented-milk bifidumbacterin on the intestinal microflora of test pilots]

Bacteriological study of intestinal microflora in test pilots, regularly exposed to excessive physical, as well as nervous and emotional strain, has revealed changes in the composition of their intestinal microflora. Correction of microflora by means of bifidumbacterin, a curative lactic fermentation alimentary product, was carried out. Rapid and effective restoration of intestinal microflora and improvement of the general state of patients were noted, which made it possible to recommend this product as a prophylactic remedy for subjects at risk of development of dysbiotic disturbances.