四川七种蝙蝠的核型

本报道了四川地区7种蝙蝠的核型。菊头蝠科2种,即角菊头蝠(Rhinolophus comutus)的核型为2n=62,FN=60;栗黄菊头蝠(R．ssinicus)的核型为2n=36,FN=60。蹄蝠科1种,即大蹄蝠(H．armiger)的核型为2n=32,FN=60。蝙蝠科3种,即伏翼(Pipistrellus abramns)的核型为2n=26,FN=44;南蝠(Iaio)的核型为2n=50,FN=48;山蝠(Nyctalus velutinus)的核型为2n=36,FN=50。犬吻蝠科的皱唇蝠(Tadarida teniotis)的核型为2n=48,FN=62。南蝠的核型为首次报道,但栗黄菊头蝠的核型2n=36与安徽张维道报道相同,而与印度和斯里兰卡同种R．rouxii的核型2n=56迥异。分布在中国的栗黄菊头蝠R．sinicus应为独立种而不是R．rouxii的中国亚种。另5种蝙蝠的核型与前人研究结论基本一致。     

四川当归属六种植物的核型

从居群水平对四川当归属(AngelicaL.)6种植物的核型进行了研究,其中管鞘当归核型为首次报道。6个种的染色体均为2n=2x=22,多为中部和近中部着丝粒染色体,核型多为2A型,仅疏叶当归石灰窑居群为1A型;峨眉当归核型为2n=22=10m 2sm 10st,茂汶当归核型为2n=22=16m 4sm 2sm(SAT),当归核型为2n=22=14m 8sm,阿坝当归核型为2n=22=14m 8sm,管鞘当归核型为2n=22=12m 8sm 2sm(SAT),而疏叶当归不同居群的核型或多或少发生了不同程度的变异。参照Stebbins的观点,峨眉当归以核型不对称系数最高而在6个种中显示一定的核型进化性,疏叶当归不对称系数较低,且出现1A型核型因而体现出一定的原始性。但是,综合形态解剖、花粉性状以及核型特征可以看出,四川当归属植物各性状间具有进化的不同步性,这也表明,作为当归属分布频度中心之一的四川地区,同时也是当归属的分化中心之一。     

海南隔距兰属植物6个种的核型分析

采用压片法对海南产隔距兰属植物6个种,即：大序隔距兰Cleisostoma paniculatum（ker—Gawl．）Garay、短序隔距兰C．striatum（Rchb.f．）Garay、短茎隔距兰C.parishii（Hook．f.）Garay、金塔隔距兰C．filiforme,（Lindl．）Garay、尖喙隔距兰C.rostratum（Lodd．）Seidenf．、红花隔距兰C．williamsonii（Rchb．f）Garay的染色体数目和核型进行了研究。结果如下：大序隔距兰2n=2x=38：36m＋2sm;短序隔距兰2n=2x=38=2M＋36m;短茎隔距兰2n=2x=38=2M＋34m＋2sin;金塔隔距兰2n=2x=38=38m;尖喙隔距兰2n=2x=38=36m＋2sin;红花隔距兰2n=2x=38=34m＋4sm（2SAT）。主要由正中部着丝点区染色体组成。除尖喙隔距兰核型分类为1A型外,其他的都为1B型。     

Observations on Chromosomes of Fourteen Moss Species from the Qinling Range,China

The chromosome numbers in fourteen moss species from the Qinling Range, and karyotype of Mnium lycopodioides are reported in this paper. Immature capsules were used as material. Bryum capillare L. ex Hedw was found. to have n = 10; Mnium lycopodioides Schwaegr. n = 6 with the karyotype formula n = 6 = 3m+3sm (1SAT); Plagiomnium maximoviczii (Lindl.)T. Kop. n=6; Bartramia halleriana var. elongate Turn. n=10+2m; Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) Mitt. n= 11; Thuidium philibertii Limpr. n= 10+m; Hygrohypnum ochraceum (Wils.) Loesk. n=10; Drepanocladus uncinatus (Hedw.) Warnst. n = 7+3m; Campylium chrysophyllus (Brid.) J. Lange. n = 10; Brachythecium starkei (Brid.) B. S. G. n=6; Brachythecium buchananii (Hook.) Jaeg. n=6; Brotherella yokohamae (Broth.)Broth. n= 9+2m; Gollamia neckerella (C. MÜll. )Broth. N=7; Pogonatum fastigiatum Mitt. n = 7. No report on the chromosome number of Brotherella yokohamae and Gollania neckerella has been found. The chromosome numbers in Brachythecium starkei andBrachythecium buchananii (Hook.) Jaeg. are different from previous reports, while the others are in accordance with the previous reports.     

河北3产地日本三角涡虫的染色体变异与核型多样性分析

利用空气干燥法,对采自河北省邯郸市漳河、朝阳湖和邢台市秦王湖3产地日本三角涡虫(Dugesiajaponica)染色体核型进行了研究,结果表明,日本三角涡虫漳河种群与秦王湖种群体细胞中染色体数目以16条为主(2n=2x=16=16m),分别占81.07%和68.47%,少数为24条(2n=3x=24=24m),分别占8.28%和11.71%,为二倍体和三倍体的混合倍体;日本三角涡虫朝阳湖种群体细胞中染色体数目以24条为主(2n=3x=24=24m),占64.60%,少数为16条(2n=2x=16=16m),占7.45%,为三倍体和二倍体的混合倍体。值得注意的是朝阳湖种群部分体细胞中染色体在结构上发生变异,使其核型呈现多型性。文中根据核型分析结果对上述3产地日本三角涡虫染色体及核型的多样性作了初步讨论。     

青藏高原六种棘豆属植物的染色体数目及核型报道

对6种棘豆属植物（Oxytropis）的13个居群样进行细胞学研究,其中黄花棘豆（O．ochrocephala）、绢毛棘豆（O．tatarica）、甘肃棘豆（O．kansuensis）和铺地棘豆（0．humifusa）为首次报道染色体数目（2n=16）和核型;在胀果棘豆（O．stracheyana）中（2n=48）首次发现B染色体。现有的细胞学资料表明：棘豆属植物中多倍体占总报道数的58％,这说明多倍化在本属植物的进化过程中起着非常重要的作用,但青藏高原仅有一种植物发现多倍体,多倍化并不占主导地位,而主要表现为二倍体水平上的结构变异,即核型不对称性的变化。     

河南省桐柏县两产地日本三角涡虫核型分析

利用空气干燥法对采自河南省桐柏县下虎山和盘古溪两产地日本三角涡虫(Dugesia japonica)的染色体及核型进行了研究。结果表明,日本三角涡虫下虎山种群体细胞中染色体数目以16条为主,染色体基数x=8,为2倍体,核型公式为2n=2x=16=16m;日本三角涡虫盘古溪种群体细胞中染色体数目以24条为主,染色体基数x=8,为3倍体,核型公式为2n=3x=24=24m。     

野牡丹科6种植物染色体数目及核型分析

研究了野牡丹科国产野牡丹属(Melastoma L.)4种植物和从国外引种的蒂牡花属(Tibouchina Aubl.)2种植物的染色体数目,并对4种野牡丹属植物的核型进行分析。结果表明, 野牡丹属植物的染色体数目为2n=24,为二倍体植物,蒂牡花属的蒂牡花(T. urvillean)和银毛野牡丹(T. heteromall)的染色体数目为2n=36。核型公式为：野牡丹(M. malabathricum) 2n=10m(2SAT)+14sm;毛稔(M. sanguineurn) 2n=10m+12sm+2st;地稔(M. dodecandrum) 2n=12m+12sm;细叶野牡丹(M. intermedium) 2n=12m＋10sm+2st。核型分析表明国产野牡丹属植物染色体为小染色体,绝对长度为0.43~1.79 µm;核型不对称系数为59.47~62.91,均属2B型。野牡丹属植物的核型为首次报道。     

两种国产苏铁属植物的核型分析

报道了苏铁属（Cycas L.）2种植物的染色体数目及其核型.它们的体细胞染色体数目均为2n=2x=22,核型均属3B型.核型公式分别是：海南苏铁C.hainanensis K（2n）=2x=22=4m＋2sm＋4st＋12T,仙湖苏铁C.szechuanensis subsp.fairylakea K（2n）=2x=22=2m＋4sm＋4st＋12T.两种苏铁的核型均为首次报道.支持基于染色体资料把苏铁属分为两个类群的观点.     

Chromosome Numbers and Karyotypes of Six Oxytropis Species (Fabaceae) from the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau,China

Chromosome numbers and karyotypes of 13 populations of six Oxytropis species (Fabaceae) from the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, China, were presented. The chromosome numbers and karyotypes in O.ochrocephala, O.tatarica, O.kansuensis and O.humifusa (2n=16) were reported for the first time. B chromosomes were found from O.stracheyana (2n=48). The basic chromosome number of x=8 is confirmed for the genus. The available chromosomal data indicate that polyploidy may have played an important role in the evolution of the genus, with the incidence of polyploidy in the genus reaching 58%. However, our results indicated that among the populations here examined only one was a hexaploid with 2n=48. Such a chromosomal pattern indicates that the karyotypic repatterning at the diploid level seems to be the predominant feature of chromosomal evolution in the Oxytropis species from the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, and that sympatric speciation via hybridization and polyploidization has played a minor role in the species diversification of the genus from this area.     

平武翠雀花,四川毛茛科一新种

本文描述了自四川省发现的毛茛科翠雀属一新种——平武翠雀花,并给出其与近缘种的区别特征。     

鲀形目3种鱼的染色体组型分析

采用胸腔注射植物血球凝集素(phytohemagglutinin,PHA)及秋水仙素溶液,取活体头肾细胞经低渗、固定、空气干燥法,分析比较了中华单角鲀(Monacanthus chinensis)、黄鳍东方鲀(Takifuguxanthopterus)、红鳍东方鲀(T.rubripes)的核型。结果表明,3种海水鱼中期染色体均为二倍体,未发现异型性染色体、随体和次缢痕。其核型如下:中华单角鲀的核型为2n=34(34t),臂数:NF=34;黄鳍东方鲀的核型为2n=44(12m+8sm+24t),臂数:NF=64;红鳍东方鲀的核型为2n=44(14m+6sm+24t),臂数:NF=64。中华单角鲀的核型与后两者存在较大差异。同时,将此3种鱼的核型与前人报道的其他鲀形目鱼类核型作了比较。     

A Study on Karyotypes of Eight Species and Geographical Distribution of Angelica (Umbelliferae) in Sichuan

Nearly 32 species of Angelica occur in China, taking up one third of total species number of the genus in the world, with 12 species in Sichuan. In the present paper karyotypes of 8 species from Sichuan are first reported with x = 11. The parameters of chromosomes of 8 species are given in Table 1 and the karyotypes are shown in Plate 1, 2. The karyotype formulae are as follows: A. valida Diels K(2n) =22=20m+2sm (Wulong Xian, alt. 1900m); A. dielsii Boiss. K(2n) =22= 18m+2sm^sat+2sm (Songpan Xian, alt. 3000m); A. laxifoliata Diels has 2 kinds of karyotypes in 3 populations: K(2n) =22= 18m+4sm (Hanyuan Xian, alt. 1900m) and K(2n) =22= 16m+6sm (Songpan Xian, alt. 2500m and Baoji in Shaanxi, alt. = 1500m); A. setchuensis Diels K (2n) = 22 = 16m+2sm^sat+4sm (Songpan Xian, alt. 2800m); A. maowenensis Yuan et Shan K(2n) =22= 16m+ 6sm (Songpan Xian, alt. 2800); A. chinghaiensis Shan ex K.T.Fu K (2n) = 4x= 44 = 36m+8sm (Songpan Xian, alt. 3500m); A. Sinensis (Oliv.)Diels K(2n) =22= 14M+8sm (Songpan Xian, alt. 2900m); A. omeiensis Yuan et Shan K (2n) = 22 = 10m+2sm+ 10st (Mt. Omei, alt. 2100m). The karyotypes of A. valida and 2 populations of A. laxifoliata belong to “1A” and those of one population of A. laxifoliata and the rest 6 species “2A”. By analysing the correlation between the karyotypic symmetry and vertical distribution of A. laxifoliata and A. chinghaiensis, it is considered that as altitude rises, the karyotypic asymmetry and ploidy increases. Comparing with the karyotypes of other species distributed in Northeastern China and Japan previously reported, the karyotype of A. valida with oblong-ovoid fruits and 1-2-pinnate leaves is most primitive and that of A. omeiensis with nearly rounded fruits and 3-ternate-pinnate leaves is most advanced in Angelica. Based on the fact that many species including the most primitive and the most advanced species are concentrated in Sichuan, it may be suggested that the center of origin and diversity of Angelica be inSichuan characterized.     

四川散白蚁属六种白蚁新纪录

2008～2011年间,对四川省宜宾市白蚁种类进行调查,发现了6种散白蚁四川新纪录——圆唇散白蚁Reticulitermes labralis Hsia et Fan、细颚散白蚁Reticulitermes leptomandibularis Hsia et Fan、细颏散白蚁Reticulitermes leptogulus Ping et Xu、黄胸散白蚁Reticulitermes flaviceps(Oshima)、舌唇散白蚁Reticulitermes lingulatus Ping和卵唇散白蚁Reticulitermes ovatilabrum Xia et Fan,将四川省散白蚁属白蚁记录种类由6种增加至12种,将四川省白蚁记录种类由62种增加至68种。     

贵州6种蝙蝠的核型

采用常规骨髓细胞空气干燥法,研究了贵州6种蝙蝠的核型。白腹管鼻蝠(Murina leucogaster)2n=44,染色体臂数(FN)为58;普通长翼蝠(Miniopterus schreibersi)染色体数是2n=46,FN为50,黄大蹄蝠(Hipposideros pratti)2n=32,FN为60;角菊头蝠(Rhinolophus cornutus)2n=62,FN为60;云南菊头蝠(R.yunnanensis)2n=44,FN是60;犬蝠(Cynopterus sphinx)2n=34,FN=58。其中白腹管鼻蝠、云南菊头蝠和犬蝠为国内首次报道。     

毛茛属五种植物的核型

对中国云南毛茛属（Ranunculus）5种植物核型进行研究,结果表明,毛茛组茴茴蒜（Ranunculus chinensis Bunge）和禺毛茛（R．cantoniensis DC．）核型公式为2n=2x=16=6m＋4sm＋6st和2n=4x=32：14m＋6sm＋12st;该组茴茴蒜、禺毛茛和扬子毛茛（R．sieboldii Miq．）的不同居群核型存在自西向东不对称系数渐增大现象。在美丽毛茛组中,深齿毛茛（R．pulchellusvar．stracheyanus Hand．-Mazz．）的中甸居群核型（2n=4x=32=12m＋12sin＋8st）与青海居群核型（2n：4x：32：24m＋8sm）明显不同;毛果高原毛茛（R．tangusticusvar．dasycarpus（Maxim．）L．Liou）染色体数目（2n=40）,核型公式（2n=5x=40=30m＋10sm）和纳帕海毛茛（R．napahaiensis W．T．Wang＆L．Liao）染色体数目（2n=40）,核型公式（2n=5x=40=20m＋16sin＋4st）为首次报道。     

四川石渠县有蹄类动物夏季群落特征初步分析

从群落的组成与结构、多样性和种间关系对四川石渠县有蹄类动物(8种)夏季群落进行了分析。根据动物与环境的相互关系,将该地区有蹄类动物划分为3个不同的群落,即:A.高山裸岩寒漠地带:岩羊+藏原羚+白唇鹿+盘羊+藏羚+马鹿(川西亚种)+藏野驴群落;B.高山灌丛草甸地带:藏原羚+马鹿(川西亚种)+岩羊+藏野驴+藏羚+白唇鹿+马麝(横断山亚种)群落;C.亚高山灌丛草甸地带:马麝(横断山亚种)+藏原羚群落。它们间的相似性系数比较低,各群落在物种组成、结构和优势种等方面具有比较明显的差异。运用2×2列联表法对种间关系研究的结果表明,各物种间的关连系数较小,多数种间为正相关连,部分种间为负相关连,经χ2-检验结果表明多数种间关连不显著,部分种间还呈显著的负相关连,在二维排序轴上位置分散。因此,四川石渠县有蹄类动物夏季群落有种类少、结构简单、分布分散和种间竞争小等特点。     

四川兰科一新种--西昌风兰

NeofinetiaisagenusoftwospeciesdistributedinChinaandJapan .Oneofthem ,N richardsianaChristensen ,wasdescribedin 1 996andsaidtobeofChineseorigin .Butnopreciselocatiyhasbeenknownaboutituntilrecently .OnabotanicaltripoftheseniorauthortoSichuanandChongqinginAp…     

叉角翠雀花,四川毛茛科一新种

描述了自四川发现的毛茛科翠雀属一新种,叉角翠雀花。此新种的萼片具叉状角状突起而与弯距翠雀花有亲缘关系,但其叶片3深裂,下面无毛,花3~5朵排列成伞房花序,花梗被白色短柔毛,无腺毛,萼距稍向下弯曲,花瓣不2裂,而与弯距翠雀花相区别。