The function of proteins that interact with mRNA

Specific proteins are associated with mRNA in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The complement of associated proteins depends upon whether the mRNA is an integral component of the polysomal complex being translated, or, alternatively, whether it is part of the non-translated free mRNP fraction. By subjecting cells to ultraviolet irradiation in vivo to cross-link proteins to mRNA, mRNP proteins have been shown to be associated with specific regions of the mRNA molecule. Examination of mRNP complexes containing a unique mRNA has suggested that not all mRNA contain the same family of associated RNA binding proteins. The function of mRNA associated proteins may include a role in providing stability for mRNA, and/or in modulating translation. With the recent demonstrations that both free and polysomal mRNPs are associated with the cytoskeletal framework, specific mRNP proteins may play a role in determining the subcellular localization of specific mRNPs.     

芹菜中玉米赤霉烯酮的分离与鉴定

芹菜属于冬性长日植物,它需要经过低温春化阶段才能开花结实,但低温仅是外界条件,还必需通过植物体内部的生理生化变化才能起作用。关于春化作用机理的研究,自 Melchers(1939)提出低温诱导植物形成春化素(vernalin)的假说以后,Purvis等(1953),Highkin(1955)和Tomita(1959,1964)曾自不同植物中分离出能代替低温或促进开花的物质,但都     

洋紫荆凝集素的分离纯化和性质

利用酸化处理的Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ６Ｂ亲和柱从洋紫荆种子中分离纯化出了洋紫荆凝集素（ＢＶＬ）,其比活性比抽提液提高了１５９倍,活力回收率为４９．０％。ＢＶＬ分子量为８１０００,由两个相同的亚基组成。等电聚焦凝胶电注测得其等电点为４．９５。其紫外吸收高峰在２７６ｎｍ处。ＢＶＬ具一定的的热稳定性和酸碱稳定性。Ｎ－乙酰－Ｄ氨基半乳能强烈地抑制ＢＶＬ对兔红细胞的凝集作用。乳糖、半乳糖也有较强的抑制定性。Ｎ     

苦荞叶片超氧化物歧化酶的纯化及性质研究

从荞麦生化遗传以及器官衰老机理的研究目的出发,以苦荞叶片为材料,制备出活力较高的铜锌趋氧化物歧化酶。对其理化性质分析表明：该酶在２５９ｎｍ处有一特征吸收峰,分子量约为３１ｋＤ,含有３０８个氨基酸残基,同工酶电泳结果显示三条活性带。     

蜈蚣碱性蛋白SSmp-d的分离纯化及其部分理化性质的鉴定

少棘巨蜈蚣（ＳｃｏｌｏｐｅｎｄｒａｓｕｂｓｐｉｎｉｐｅｓｍｕｔｉｌａｎｓＬ．Ｋｏｃｈ）经９５％乙醇脱脂后,再经４℃水冷渗,水提液低温旋转浓缩,冻干,得到的冻干粉先后经过ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－２５柱,等电聚焦制备电泳,再经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１５０柱,ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００柱,最后经ＨＰＬＣ制备得到一个纯的碱性蛋白,命名为ＳＳｍｐ－ｄ．该蛋白经ＨＰＬＣ、超薄等电聚焦电泳检验是均一的．采用ＨＰＬＣ和Ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ－ＰａｋＴＭ１２５柱测定其分子量为２４．６４ｋＤ．ＩＥＦ－ＨＰＣＥ显示其等电点为９．２７．氨基酸分析表明ＳＳｍｐ－ｄ含较多的Ａｒｇ、Ｌｙｓ等碱性氨基酸,另外还含有较多的Ａｌａ、Ｌｅｕ．使用蛋白质自动序列分析仪测定了ＳＳｍｐ－ｄＮ端的１１个氨基酸,序列为ＮＨ３＋－Ａｓｐ－Ｖａｌ－Ａｓｎ－Ｐｈｅ－Ａｒｇ－Ｌｅｕ－Ｓｅｒ－Ｇｌｙ－Ａｌａ－Ａｓｐ－Ｐｒｏ．     

Changes in distribution of actin mRNA in different polysome fractions following stimulation of MPC-11 cells

Individual mRNA species have been shown to differ both with respect to localization in the cell, and in their distribution upon stimulation of cells with different signals. In this study we have examined the distribution of actin mRNA in the free, cytoskeletal-bound, and membrane-bound RNA fractions, both in starved cells, and in response to stimulation by feeding. These results were then compared with mRNAs for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and histone H4. The results we obtained showed that actin mRNA was located in the free RNA fraction in starved cells, while upon stimulation it was located both in the free, and in the cytoskeletal fraction; no redistribution of GAPDH mRNA occurred between the three RNA fractions, while H4 mRNA showed a different localization upon stimulation. Incubation with the drugs actinomycin-D and cycloheximide showed that an altered localization of actin mRNA from free in starved cells to free and cytoskeletal mRNA fractions following stimulation, was dependent on RNA synthesis, and not on protein synthesis.     

Purification and Characterization of a Novel Anti-Proliferative Lectin from Morus alba L. Leaves

A novel anti-proliferative lectin was purified from Morus alba L. (Mulberry) leaves by a two step chromatographic procedure namely, immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) and convective interaction media (CIM) based anion exchange chromatography. The purified mulberry leaf lectin (MLL) was specific to galactose, galactosamine and N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc). MLL was homogenous with a molecular weight of ~56kDa in silver stained SDS-PAGE. The lectin showed RBC agglutination activity up to 40°C and was independent of pH above pH 6. Haemagglutination activity of purified MLL was not dependent on any metal ions. However, with high concentration of trivalent metal ions, Fe3+ and Al3+ and the divalent metal ion Fe2+, a three fold increase in agglutination activity was observed. The purified MLL showed an anti-proliferative activity towards human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and colon cancer cells (HCT-15) with a higher potency towards MCF-7 cells. This is the first report on the anti-proliferative activity of a GalNAc specific lectin from M. alba.     

土壤微生物总DNA的提取和纯化

本文建立了从土壤中提取总DNA的方法,并通过改进使适合于对革兰氏阳性菌的提取。用9种性质不同的土壤进行验证,均提取到了DNA,每克干土的DNA提取量从3.30μg～13.41μg,通过透析袋回收进行纯化,纯化回收率达到65.34%,纯化后的土壤DNA可以直接扩增出16S rDNA。9种土壤的提取率从60.51%～93.45%,可以从每g干土添加362个菌体的土壤中扩增到目的条带。     

香灰菌凝集素的纯化及其部分性质

香灰菌菌丝体经磷酸缓冲液抽提、20%-70%饱和浓度的硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-Cellulose和SephadexG-100柱层析纯化得到香灰菌凝集素(Hypoxylonsp.lectin,简称HSL)。HSL经PAGE检测为单一蛋白条带,SDS-PAGE测得其亚基分子量为15.9kD。过碘酸-Schiff染色法表明HSL为一种糖蛋白,糖基的含量为15.5%,β-消去反应测得其糖和蛋白质的连接键为O-型糖肽键。HSL能凝集多种动物红细胞和人的红细胞,在所测试的红细胞中,对兔红细胞的凝集作用最强。HSL对热较敏感,经50°C处理10min,其凝集活性明显降低,其在碱性环境中较稳定,而在酸性环境中较不稳定。HSL的凝集活性受Al3+、Fe3+、Ca2+和Zn2+等阳离子的影响。对鼠红细胞的凝集作用可被半乳糖和乳糖所抑制。     

Isolation of Escherichia coli mRNA and Comparison of Expression Using mRNA and Total RNA on DNA Microarrays

Bacterial messenger RNA (mRNA) is not coherently polyadenylated, whereas mRNA of Eukarya can be separated from stable RNAs by virtue of polyadenylated 3′-termini. We have developed a method to isolate Escherichia coli mRNA by polyadenylating it in crude cell extracts with E. coli poly(A) polymerase I and purifying it by oligo(dT) chromatography. Differences in lacZRNA levels were similar with purified mRNA and total RNA in dot blot hydridizations for cultures grown with or without gratuitous induction of the lactose operon. More broadly, changes in gene expression upon induction were similar when cDNAs primed from mRNA or total RNA with random hexanucleotides were hydridized to DNA microarrays for the E. coli genome. Comparable signal intensities were obtained with only 1% as much oligo(dT)-purified mRNA as total RNA, and hence in vitro poly(A) tailing appears to be selective for mRNA. These and additional studies of genome-wide expression with DNA microarrays provide evidence that in vitro poly(A) tailing works universally for E. coli mRNAs.     

Partial Purification and Characterization of d-Ribose-5-phosphate Reductase from Adonis vernalis L. Leaves

This study presents evidence for a new enzyme, d-ribose-5-P reductase, which catalyzes the reaction: d-ribose-5-P + NADPH + H⁺ → d-ribitol-5-P + NADP⁺. The enzyme was isolated from Adonis vernalis L. leaves in 38% yield and was purified 71-fold. The reductase was NADPH specific and had a pH optimum in the range of 5.5 to 6.0. The Michaelis constant value for d-ribose-5-P reduction was 1.35 millimolar. The enzyme also reduced d-erythrose-4-P, d-erythrose, dl-glyceraldehyde, and the aromatic aldehyde 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde. Hexoses, hexose phosphates, pentoses, and dihydroxyacetone did not serve as substrates. d-Ribose-5-P reductase is distinct from the other known ribitol synthesizing enzymes detected in bacteria and yeast, and may be responsible for ribitol synthesis in Adonis vernalis.     

豆薯种子中两种蛋白质的分离纯化及其性质研究

豆薯（Ｐａｃｈｙｒｒｈｉｚｕｓｅｒｏｓｕｓ）种子经磷酸盐缓冲液抽提,Ｓ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＦａｓｔＦｌｏｗ柱,ＤＥ－５２纤维素柱和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－７５柱层析,提取出两种高纯度的蛋白成分,命名为ＰａｃｈｙｒｉｎⅠ和Ⅱ．ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测得其分子量分别为３３ｋＤ和１４．５ｋＤ,但ＨＰＬＣ分子筛的结果显示ＰａｃｈｙｒｉｎⅡ的分子量为２８ｋＤ,无论在还原条件下,还是在非还原条件下,ＰａｃｈｙｒｉｎⅡ电泳的结果都完全相同,表明该蛋白的亚基不是以二硫键相连。两种蛋白的等电点分别为４．５和６．５．用酸解法测定了它们的氨基酸组成。在无细胞体系中,它们对蛋白合成有较弱的抑制活性,显示它们可能是核糖体失活蛋白（ＲＩＰｓ）家族中的新成员。     

解木聚糖类芽孢杆菌木葡聚糖酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

解木聚糖类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus xylanilyticus)发酵液经硫酸铵分级沉淀、HiPrep26/10 Desalting柱脱盐、HiPrepDEAE FF16/10阴离子交换柱、HiPrep 16/60 Sephacryl S-100凝胶柱、HiPrep 16/10 Source 30S阳离子交换柱等,最终纯化出单一组分的木葡聚糖酶,经过SDS-PAGE电泳分析,此木葡聚糖酶相对分子量约为39 kD。该菌所产木葡聚糖酶的最适反应温度是50℃,在60℃以下较稳定;最适反应pH是7.0,在pH5.0-10.0范围内酶活力较为稳定。酶的动力学研究显示Km为65 g/L,Vmax为6.49μmol/min,kcat=10.86 s-1。底物特异性研究表明对木葡聚糖具有较高比活力。酶蛋白经质谱分析,比对结果显示与来源于Paenibacillus pabuli的木葡聚糖酶有较高同源性。本研究为首次报道解木聚糖类芽孢杆菌(P.xylanilyticus)产木葡聚糖酶。     

桑寄生凝集素的纯化及部分性质研究

利用DEAE一纤维素柱盐离子浓度梯度洗脱,再经猪胃粘蛋白-Sepharose 4 B亲和柱可以从中药桑寄生中分离纯化出桑寄生凝集素。经pH8.9,Tris-EDTAN_2a-borate的PACE和SDS-PAGE测定均呈现单一蛋白带,测得其分子量为67 500,中性糖含量为14.6％,DNS法测得N-末端氨基酸为缬氨酸。氨基酸组成分析表明,该凝集素富含酸性氨基酸,而碱性氨基酸含量较少,不含精氨酸。当凝集素浓度为15.6μg/mL时,即可凝集兔红细胞,而对人的A、B、O型血细胞,凝集素浓度高达1000μg/mL,也不发生凝集反应。Gal、GalNAc、山梨糖、岩藻糖和松三糖对凝集兔红细胞的能力有抑制作用。桑寄生凝集素是一种促有丝分裂原,对猪血淋巴细胞的转化率达78％,细胞分裂比率为11.2％。     

Purification and Characterization of Myosin from Calf Brain

Actomyosin complex was extracted from the brain cortex in a medium consisting of low salt, ATP, and EDTA, in the presence of protease inhibitors, followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation. Myosin was then purified from the actomyosin. Myosin obtained according to the procedure used was significantly contaminated with actin high (greater than 200,000 dalton) and low molecular weight proteins. Therefore, an alternative method based on affinity chromatography (Blue Dextran/Sepharose) and gel filtration (Sepharose 4B) was developed to purify myosin. This procedure yielded myosin that was greater than 95% pure as judged by electron microscopy and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The subunit composition of purified brain myosin was monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel also containing a urea gradient. A closely migrating triplet in the heavy chain and three light chains, LC1, LC2, and LC3, of Mr 21,000, 19,000, and 17,000, respectively, were observed. These findings raise the possibility of the existence of myosin isoenzymes in the brain. Brain myosin formed bipolar thick filaments in 0.075 M KCl and MgCl2. At low ionic strength, the Mg2+-ATPase activity of myosin was stimulated 3- to 3.5-fold in the presence of skeletal muscle f-actin. Brain myosin also hydrolyzed other nucleotides; the rate of hydrolysis was ITP greater than ATP approximately equal to CTP greater than GTP approximately equal to UTP. The substrate (ATP) saturation curve in the presence of 10 mM CaCl2 and 0.6 M KCl was complex and consisted of plateau regions. The Arrhenius plot of the Ca-ATPase data was linear, whereas with ITPase, it was biphasic with a break occurring around 20 degrees C.     

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌ATP硫酸化酶的表达、纯化及性质鉴定

ATP硫酸化酶是一种催化ATP和SO42-反应生成腺嘌呤-5’-磷酸硫酸(APS)和焦磷酸盐(PPi)的酶,它是硫酸根同化反应第一步的关键酶。以嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌(A.ferrooxidansATCC 23270)基因组为模板,用PCR扩增得到ATPS基因,并克隆到表达载体pLM1上。加入IPTG的诱导表达,用AKTA蛋白纯化仪的镍柱亲和层析纯化得到浓度和纯度都较高的ATPS蛋白。SDS-PAGE分析,证实其分子量大小为33 kD,并成功的测出了其活性,比活达3.0×103U/mg。     

固氮粪产碱菌谷氨酰胺合成酶的分离纯化及其特性

联合固氮细菌粪产碱菌（Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓｆａｅｃａｌｉｓ）Ａ１５０１菌体经超声破碎后,无细胞粗提液以ＰＥＧ－６０００分级沉淀,丙酮沉淀,再经蓝琼脂糖（ＢｌｕｅＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ－６８）亲和层析分离、纯化。获得的纯谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳ）在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和４－３０％梯度ＰＡＧＥ上均呈均一的一条带。ＧＳ亚基及整酶分子量分别为５５ｋＤ和６４５ｋＤ,亚基由４５６个氨基酸残基组成。ＧＳ的Ｋｍ值,在以Ｇｌｕ为氮源的介质中培养时分别为２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｇｌｕ）,５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＡＴＰ）和４５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＮＨ~＋_４）;在以ＮＨ~＋_４为氮源的介质中培养时则分别为７０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｇｌｕ）,４９ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＡＴＰ）和８０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＮＨ~＋_４）,表明ＮＨ~＋_４培养下形成高度腺苷化的ＧＳ对Ｇｌｕ及ＮＨ~＋_４的亲和力有所下降。     

Purification and Characterization of Four NADPH-Dependent Aldehyde Reductases from Pig Brain

By a procedure involving ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography, four aldehyde reductases (ALRs) were purified to enzymatic homogeneity from pig brain. These enzymes, designated ALR1, ALR2, ALR3, and succinic semialdehyde reductase were chemically and physically identical with, respectively, the high-Km aldehyde reductase, the low-Km aldehyde reductase, carbonyl reductase, and succinic semialdehyde reductase of other tissues and species. The purification procedure allows the purification of these enzymes from the same tissue homogenate in amounts sufficient for characterization and other enzymatic studies. This methodology should be applicable to the simultaneous and rapid purification of aldehyde reductases from other tissues.     

极耐热性阿拉伯糖苷酶基因的表达、纯化及酶学性质研究

采用PCR从海栖热袍菌(Thermotoga maritima)克隆出编码极耐热稳定性阿拉伯糖苷酶基因,以pET20b为表达质粒,与其C末端6个组氨酸标签序列融合,在大肠杆菌中得到高效表达。基因表达产物通过热处理和亲和层析柱纯化后,酶纯度达电泳均一。纯化重组酶稳定性检测表明,阿拉伯糖苷酶活性最适作用温度和最适作用pH分别为90～95℃和pH 5.0～5.5,在pH 4.2～8.2之间酶活力稳定,95℃的半衰期为4h;SDSPAGE测得酶的分子量为56.57 kD,与理论推算值相吻合。在所测定的底物中,阿拉伯糖苷酶仅对对硝基苯阿拉伯呋喃糖苷（pNPAF）有专一性水解作用,其动力学参数Km值为018mmol/L, Vmax为139μmol/min·mg。