中国木兰科11属40种植物的核形态研究

为了探讨木兰科属间系统学关系和一些种的分类学地位,对中国木兰科11属40种进行了核形态研究。所研究的20种木莲属植物都为二倍体,表明木莲属植物主要是在二倍体水平上进化的,不同的种类具有各自的遗传组成,细微的染色体结构变异可能导致种间形态发生了明显的变化。木兰属的染色体数目具多样性,表明属内存在着不同倍性水平上的进化,说明木兰属分布广泛、形态复杂多样有其细胞学基础。细胞学证据支持木莲属应为独立的属,不宜于归并到木兰属。已观察的含笑属都为二倍体,而木兰属玉兰亚属的大多数种类为多倍体。我们认为维持现有的含笑属的分类地位和范围是恰当的,不支持将含笑属和玉兰亚属合并为一属。拟单性木兰属都是多倍体。木兰科植物形态特征重叠,性状呈网状进化,细胞学证据在探讨一些大属属下种的分类地位时具有一定价值,但论及整个科的分类系统和属间亲缘关系时,作用比较微弱。本文在细胞学基础上,结合形态和地理分布,重点对木莲属一些种类的分类地位进行了讨论。     

中国木兰科植物修订

对中国产的木兰科植物３个大属即木莲,木兰和含笑进行了分类修订工作,共提出新组合５个,新异名８个,澄清２种和１亚种。     

Phylogenetic relationships in family Magnoliaceae inferred from ndhF sequences

The ndhF sequences of 99 taxa, representing all sections in extant Magnoliaceae, were analyzed to address phylogenetic questions in the family. Magnolia macrophylla and M. dealbata, North American species of Magnolia section Rytidospermum, are placed at the base in the subfamily Magnolioideae although its supporting value is low. In the remaining taxa, several distinctive lineages are recognized: (1) Magnolia, the biggest genus in the family, is not monophyletic; (2) Michelia, including section Maingola of Magnolia subgenus Magnolia, is closely related with Elmerrillia and sections Alcimandra and Aromadendron of Magnolia subgenus Magnolia; (3) the associates of Michelia are grouped with Magnolia subgenus Yulania and section Gynopodium of Magnolia subgenus Magnolia; (4) Pachylarnax forms a clade with sections Manglietiastrum and Gynopodium of Magnolia; (5) a well-supported Manglietia clade is recognized; (6) Caribbean species of section Theorhodon of Magnolia subgenus Magnolia, which are section Splendentes sensu Vázquez-Garcia, are closely allied with New World members of Magnolia subgenus Talauma; and (7) section Rytidospermum of Magnolia subgenus Magnolia and subgenus Talauma are polyphyletic. The separated clades in the molecular tree are considerably different from traditional taxonomic dispositions in the family. The molecular data strongly suggest that a taxonomic realignment of infrafamilial delimitations and compositions should be considered.     

Sclerotesta morphology and its systematic implications in magnoliaceous seeds

Seeds of 101 species from 14 genera were observed using stereoscopic and scanning electron microscopy. Sclerotesta morphology is stable within the genera of Magnoliaceae. Two different morphological types are described according to features of the chalazal region, which have great value in classification and have been found only in Magnoliaceae. One is the pore type, characterized by being simple, observed in the relatively primitive taxa of this family, including Manglietia, Pachylarnax, Magnolia (19 species), Aromadendron, Talauma (eight species), Parakmeria (one species), Kmeria (one species), Elmerrillia and Liriodendron . The other one is the tube type, which is characterized by having a more complex structure consisting of a central hollow tube contained within a hole. This type was observed in relatively advanced taxa, including Manglietiastrum, Magnolia (15 species), Talauma (three species), Parakmeria (four species), Kmeria (one species), Alcimandra, Michelia, Paramichelia and Tsoongiodendron . Transitional types between these two were observed in some species of Magnolia . Chalazal region morphology, together with other useful sclerotesta characters, including seed size, shape, the raphal sinus and the external surface of the sclerotesta, may be used as diagnostic characteristics of genera, and even species in Magnoliaceae. A key to identify the different genera is supplied.  © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2003, 142 , 407–424.     

Vascular systems in the magnoliaceae

Journal of Plant Research - The vascular anatomy of seven genera of Magnoliaceae:Elmerrillia, Liriodendron, Magnolia, Manglietia, Michelia, Paramichelia andTalauma, was examined. Based on the...     

用matK序列分析探讨木兰属植物的系统发育关系

用木兰科Magnoliaceae 57种植物的matK基因序列构建了该科的系统发育分支图。结果表明: (1)木兰属Magnolia L.是一个因为性状的趋同演化而建立的多系类群; (2)木兰亚属subgen. Magnolia和玉兰亚属subgen. Yulania (Spach) Reichenb.亲缘关系较远, 支持将后者从该属中分出建立玉兰属Yulania Spach, 木兰亚属作为木兰属保留; (3)木兰亚属的sect. Splendentes Dandy ex Vazquez组与皱种组sect. Rytidospermum Spach的两个美洲种M. macrophylla Michaux和M. dealbata Zucc.亲缘关系较近, 荷花玉兰组sect. Theorhodon Spach与常绿组sect. Gwillimia DC.的亲缘关系较近; (4)盖裂木属Talauma Juss.可以成立, 而其分布于亚洲的Blumiana Blume组可归入木兰属; (5)拟单性木兰属Parakmeria Hu &; Cheng、华盖木属Manglietiastrum Law以及单性木兰属Kmeria (Pierre) Dandy形成一个单系群, 与玉兰亚属和含笑属Michelia L.的亲缘关系较近。花的着生位置不足以作为木兰科的分族依据, 含笑族Michelieae和木兰族Magnolieae的特征及其界定应做修改。将玉兰亚属从木兰属分出后, 木兰属与含笑属无性状交叉,成为两个区别明显的属。     

木兰科种子内种皮合点区形态及其系统学意义

在扫描电镜下系统研究了木兰科10属52种成熟种子内种皮合点区形态。该形态分为孔型和管型两大类。孔型为内种皮合点区具一小穿孔。木莲属Manglietia、香木兰属Aromadendron、盖裂木属Talauma(8种)、南洋含笑属Elmerrillia和鹅掌楸属Liriodendron具此类型。管型由内种皮合点区向下凹陷形成的小窝和由窝底向外伸出的小管组成。华盖木属Manglietiastrum、盖裂木属Talauma(3种)、长蕊木兰属Alcimandra、含笑属Michelia、合果木属Paramichelia和观光木属Tsoongiodendron具此类型。在木兰属部分种中还观察到两种形态之间的过渡类型。上述形态特征在属内稳定并为木兰科植物所特有,而且明显表现出原始类群的合点区形态大多为孔型,进化类群的合点区形态大多为管型的特点。     

Foliar sclereids in the Magnoliaceae

The foliar sclereids in 136 species representing 11 of the 12 genera of Magnoliaceae were studied and compared. Sclereids occur in four different cell assemblages within the leaf: diffuse idioblasts, mesophyll, dermal system, and the vein sheath including terminal elements. Tropical members tend to have the most highly sclerified leaves. In species of Manglietia the leaves have sclerified spongy mesophyll and either sclerified epidermis or hypodermis. In Talauma , sclerification affects the vein sheath and terminal cells of veinlets, with a specialized thick marginal vein in the Asian taxa but not in the American ones. Liriodendron and the magnolias native to the north temperate zone have only minimal sclerification, which usually is confined to the vein sheath of the midrib and the main lateral veins, and as idioblastic sclereids in the petiole and the midrib near the base of the blade. The two largest genera Magnolia and Michelia are heterogeneous and include species which vary as to their combinations of sclerified elements among the four possible types.     

滇东南木兰科木莲属植物一新种

描述了云南东南部木莲属(木兰科) 一新种,即红河木莲。     

The Determination of Nuclear DNA Content (2C value) on Some Representative Genus and Species of Magnoliaceae

The plant nuclear DNA content (2C value) is a principal characteristic parmeter to describe biodiversity of species,which has important significance on the study of plant resources. In this study, we choosed 23 species from 10 representative genera (Magnolia、Michelia、Manglietia、Liriodendron、Talauma、 Paramichelia、Tsoongiodendron、Manglietiastrum、Kmeria、Parakmeria) of Magnoliaceae in China. All samples were determined using a flow cytometry technique with a standard of Zea mays (545pg/2C). The amount of nuclear DNA among these species ranged from 325pg (317850Mbp) to 1361pg (1331058Mbp) for Pgrandiflora, Mofficinalis subsp. biloba respectively, and the coefficient of variation (CV) were less than 5%. The results of the study will not only provide references for determination of the nuclear DNA content of Magnoliaceae and other plants, but also lay the foundation for the utilization and conservation of Magnoliaceae plant resources.     

木兰科上的两个星盾炱属新种

作者在研究木兰科植物叶面寄生真菌时,发现了星盾炱属两个新种。它们是木莲星盾炱Asterina manglietiae和含笑生星盾炱Asterina micheliicola。它们分别寄生在毛桃木莲Manglietia moto 和深山含笑Michelia maudiae的叶上。模式标本保存在广东省微生物研究所标本室(HMIGD)。     

江西木兰科植物修订

通过野外采集及标本的整理鉴定,对江西木兰科植物进行了修订,归并了3个学名,即将落叶木莲组(Manglietia Sect.Decidua Q.Y.Zheng)并入华木莲属(Sinomanglietia Z.X.Yu),将Manglietia Decidua Q.Y.Zheng并入Sinomanglietia glauca Z.X.Yu et Q.Y.Zheng,将江西含笑(Michelia jiangxiensis Chang et B.L.Chen)并入乐昌含笑(Michelia chapensis Dandy)。至此,确认江西产木兰科植物7属22种1亚种。     

木兰科植物的人工杂交

采用常规人工杂交方法,在木兰科中进行了68个组合杂交试验。结果表明：花粉活力随种类不同有很大差异,人工授粉后结实率很高,小孢子败育不是木兰科植物自然结实率普遍低的主要原因。木兰亚属种间杂交均表现为亲和,含笑属有些种间杂交不亲和;属间杂交多不亲和,但红元宝二乔玉兰与金叶含笑和云南含笑的杂交完全亲和,结实率高达80％～100％,表明玉兰亚属和含笑属间有较近的亲缘关系;观光木与金叶含笑、云南含笑虽有较高的杂交结实率,但杂交种子不能萌发,支持观光木属成立。     

Phyllotaxis of vegetative shoots, lamina rotation and their systematic implication in Magnoliaceae

Phyllotaxis in vegetative shoots and lamina rotation of Magnoliaceae are described. Most genera in Magnoliaceae investigated (except Parakmeria , Manglietiastrum and Pachylarnax ) show lamina rotation. Paraphoric, a new type of lamina rotation differing from four other types depicted by Charlton is clarified. Manglietia , Parakmeria , Manglietiastrum , Talauma , section Gwillimia and Rytidospermum in subgenus Magnolia , shoots of Woonyoungia , section Theorhodon and Liriodendron have spiral phyllotaxis, however Magnolia section Oyama and Maingol a, Alcimandra , Michelia , Paramichelia , Tsoogiodendron , buds of Woonyoungia , section Theorhodon and Liriodendron have distichous phyllotaxis. The systematic implication of vegetative shoot phyllotaxis and lamina rotation in Magnoliaceae is discussed in this paper.     

Chromosome Numbers of Some Species in the Family Magnoliaceae in China

The present work reports the chromosome numbers of 30 species of 7 genera of Magnoliaceae in China. The chromosome numbers of Liridendron chinense, Magnolia officinalis, M. liliflora, Michelia rigo and M. champaca are consistent with those previously reported Magnolia denudata was reported 2n=114, but our result shows 2n= 76; M. grandiflora was reported 2n=112, 114, but here 2n=114. Chromosome numbers of the other 23 species are reported for the first time. Vouchers for experimental materials have been preserved in Herbarium of the Department of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin.     

广西木兰属一新种

描述了广西木兰属(木兰科)一新种, 即木论木兰。     

国产木兰科6属植物柱头表面形态比较

用扫描电镜对中国产木兰科单性木兰属、木兰属、木莲属、含笑属、拟单性木兰属和观光木属的42种植物柱头表面形态进行观察.结果表明,42种木兰科植物的柱头均为干柱头,包含单细胞乳突型和多细胞乳突型两类.单性木兰属和观光木属植物是单细胞乳突型;木莲属、含笑属和拟单性木兰属植物是多细胞乳突型;木兰属中木兰亚属植物两型均有,而玉兰亚属则均为多细胞乳突型.结合其他证据,本文支持单性木兰属、木莲属、含笑属、拟单性木兰属和观光木属的建立,并认为在系统学问题较复杂的木兰属中,玉兰亚属是一个相对独立的单系类群,将其独立成属也不无道理,而木兰亚属可能不是一个单系类群,还需要进一步的深入研究,积累更多的性状数据.     

木兰科的分支分析

主要以形态学、解剖学、细胞学为依据,以德坚木属为外类群,用分支分析的方法探讨了木兰科属间的系统发育关系。有２３个分支单位,选取３２个性状,根据外类群比较原则和化石地层学资料,确定了性状的祖征和衍征。对数据矩阵的分支分析使用ＰＡＵＰ３．１．１和Ｈｅｎｎｉｇ ８６ ｖ．１．５分别在Ｍａｃｉｎｔｏｓｈ和ＩＢＭ机上运行,前者以启发法,后者以ＢＢ命令运算,经严格一致化处理,得到一致化分支图。结果表明：１）木     

THE TERMINAL IDIOBLASTS IN MAGNOLIACEOUS LEAVES

The idioblasts terminating the foliar veinlets were studied in 152 species of the following magnoliaccous genera: Alcimandra, Aromadendron, Elmerrillia, Kmeria, Liriodendron, Magnolia, Manglietia, Michelia, Paramichelia, and Talauma. In all genera, except Liriodendron, some of the veinlets in mature leaves terminate in enlarged, nonliving cells called tracheoidal elements. Only one wall-facet (rarely 2) in such elements is differentially thickened; this wall lies adjacent to a conventional tracheary element. Ultimate cells of other veinlets in the Magnoliaceae differentiate as thick-walled sclereids, conventional tracheids, clavate tracheids, reticulate-walled dilated tracheids, or secretory cells. The terminal elements differentiate relatively late during leaf enlargement. In the Magnoliaceae, foliar structure is frequently characteristic at the generic level, and in some cases at the species level.     

福建木兰科植物资源及其观赏特性研究

系统调查表明,福建木兰科植物共有9属,35种,其中含笑属所占的种类最多,而福建整个木兰科植物以热带分布类型为主。福建省木兰科植物以中型革质叶为主,其花相多为单生,花期多在夏季,花色以白色系列为主,多数花具有香味,果期较多在秋季,果色相对较艳,以红色系为主。福建省木兰科植物多乔木,少灌木,具备多种园林绿化用途。