Palynological Analysis of the Late Cenozoic and Its Significance in Fulaerji,Heilongjiang Province

The pollen analytical investigation of 226.07 m,, deep QH70 core from Fulaerji district in the city of Qiqihar, Heilongjiang province have been carried out. Based on the characteristics of QH70 core sporo-pollen assemblages, seven pollen zones may be subdivided in the order as follows: The first zone (Ⅰ) belongs to early period of the Late Cretaceous. When the flora was mainly composed of gymnosperm, the next was fern and a little original angisperm. Here the climate was hot and wet and the vegetation showed tropical-subtropical in aspects. In this core the author didn't find the Palaeogene flora. The Ⅱ–Ⅲ zones belonging to the Late Tertiary are characterized by predominance of arboreal pollens, mainly consisting of Amentiferae and some conifers. The flora of the Neogene was mainly composed of Pinus, Betula, Castanea, Ulmus, Corylus, Alnus, ,Juglans, Quercus, Carya, Fagus, Tsuga etc. some subtropical species of Hamamelis, Liquidambar, Castanopsis, Melia. Myrica and Taxodiaceae which still existed. The climate was warm and humid with the annual temperature higher than that of the present. As to the last period of the third zone (Ⅲ) the assemblage of herbaceous plants and semi-shrub were predominant. The climate was changed into cool and less dry. The fouth pollen zone (Ⅳ) is represented by herbaceous plants such as Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Gramineae, Polygonaceae etc. indicating the Fulaerji was covered by cold-temperature grassland with a cold and dry climate. According:to temperature decreasing at this zone, magnetostratigraphy and thermoluminescence dating we may take the start of the Ⅳ zone as the mark of the beginning of Quaternary in this region. The age of the boundary between Pliocene and Pleistocene might be 2.4 million years or so. The geological age of pollen zones Ⅳ–Ⅶ, is assigned to Pleistocene. The characteritics of the sporo-pollen assemblage at these zones are quite different from one another. In the fifth pollen zone (Ⅴ), the vegetation was represented by a steppe or tundra with a cold and dry climate at its initial stage, but in the late stage the flora was characterized by a deciduous broadleaved forest and steppe, indicating the climate was warm and less humid. Pollen zones Ⅵ–Ⅶ, the herbaceous plants, such as Artemisia, Gramineae, Chenopodiaceae etc. were predominant. The climate was rather dry and cold. The plants of the boreal conifers as Picea, ilbices, Larix, Pinus and the subpolor plants such as Betula were thriving in the low land and plain on the last glacial stage demonstrating that time the climate was humid and cold. Judging from the pollen analyses of core QH70, the vegetational development and climatic changes in Fulaerji had been rapid since the Late Tertiary. It is more or less significance to use pollen analysis in hydrogeology and engineering geology.     

Characteristics of the Later Hoocene Epoch Sporo-pollen Assemblage and Their Significance in Dabusu Lake,Qianan County,Jilin Province

According to the sporo-pollen analysis of the ten localities in Dabusu lake, it could be divided into two sporo-pollen assemblage zones from bottom to top: the lower series (1–2 bed) of Equisetum, lsoites sporo-pollen zone and upper series (3–6 bed) of Ranunculaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Aritemisia sporo-pollen zone. This paper deals also with the course that in the middle later period of the later Holocene Epoch the obvious change of paleogeographic environment is no less than twice in the area surounding Dabusu lake. As for the vegetation, the wet grassy marshland of temperate zone in which the pteridophyta Predominated turned towards meadow -steppe in which herbs predominated. While the wet climate turned towards arid climate and the fresh water lake turned towards salt lake.     

Palynoflora of the Qarhan Saline Lake and Its Significance in Geography and Botany The S poro-Poilen Assemblages from CK2022 Drilling Core at the Bieletan

The pollen analytical investigations of a 101 m deep CK2022 drilling core from Bieletan of the Qarhan saline lake have been carried out. The Qarhan saline lake is situated at the Qaidam Basin. The climate is cold and dry. Annual mean temperature is about 0.1 ℃, and annual precipitation is 28–40 mm. The vegetation is of desert type, mainly composed of Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Tamaricaceac, Cruciferae, Zygophyllaceae, Leguminosae and Gramineae. Gymnospermae are very poorly represented e. g. Ephedra and Sabina. Ferns are even scanty. Based on the characteristics of CK2022 drilling core sporopollen assemblages 32,000 4,000 years ago five zones may be subdivided in ascending order as follows: 1. In the first zone, the vegetation during the past 31, 000–25, 600 years was represented by a temperate shrub and semi-shrub desert plants, such as Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia and Nitraria were predominant. The hydrophytes, such as Typha and Pediastrum boryanum, apparently increased. The climate was wet and rather warm. By this time, lakes and bogs were better developed in this area. 2. In the second zone (Ⅱ), green algae was very flourishing, which indicates a shallow, stagnant and more or less mesotrophic fresh water habitat. The climate was wet and cold, The lakes and bogs were better developed. 3 . In the third zone (Ⅲ), the vegetation consisted of Ephedra, Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia and Nitraria. At the same time subalpine conifer and Betula may have grown by rivers. The climate was warmer and drier than before. 4. In the fourth zone (Ⅳ), Shrubby and semi-shrubby deserts were better developed, but trees, ferns and algae were obviously reduced 18, 000–11, 000 years ago. The climate was very dry and cold. 5. In the fifth zone (Ⅴ), Ephedra, Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia and Nitratia were still flourishing. Hydrophytes, some trees and mesophytes plants and Polypodiaceae appeared again. Due to the increased temperature at this zone, the Pleistocene Holocene boundary should be demarcated at about 11000 years. BP Since 30000 years age there were alternation of dilution and salinization once and again.     

A Preliminary investigation on the Vegetational and Climatic Changes Since 11, 000 Years in Qinghai Lake An Analysis Based on Palynology in Core QH85-14C

Qinghai Lake is the largest inland saline lake in China. it is situated in the northeastern part of the Qinghai Xizang Plateau. This paper is based on the information of the sporo-pollen assemblages of 47 samples from the drill core and surface samples. The general treads of vegetational and climatic changes since 11,000 years B. P. may be subdivided in ascending order as follows: In the first stage which corresponds to zone Ⅰ of the sporo-pollen assemlage, the vegetation during the past of 11,000–10,000 years was represented by a temperate shrub, semi-shrub and steppe, consisting of Chenopodiaceae. Artemisia, Nitraria, Ephedra and Gramineae were predominant. At the same time, some subalpine conifers, Pinus, Picea and Betula, would grow by the side of rivers and lakes, the climate was warmer and wetter than that of the Late Pleistocene. Due to the rising temperature in this zone, the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary might be estimated at about 11,000 years B. P.. The vegetation of the first stage belonges to temperate steppe with a few trees: In the second stage (ZoneⅡ of pollen), the vegetation was characterized by a temperate forest steppe during this period of 10,000 to 8,000 years B. P. Forest area apparently increased and some broadleaf deciduous and need leaf evergretn trees, such as Quercus, Betula, Pinus and Picea, grew by lakes and on mountains. At this time, the climate was warmer and wetter than that of the first stage. In the third stage (Zone Ⅲ) between B,000 and 3,500 years B. P, The vegetation was composed of a temperate mixed broad-leaf deciduous and needle-leaf evtrgreen forest. The needle-leaf evergreen forest consisting of Picea, Pinus, Abies, Betula grew in temperate zone mountains. The climate was relatively warm and wet. The fouth stage (zone IV), the vegetation was dominated by shrub semishrub, dwarf semishrubs, steppe and semi-arbors. Some trees consisting of Betula, Picea, and Pinus decreased in number in the lake regions. Some subalpine cold temperature evergreen trees, such as Abies and picea disappeared from the lake region. This indicated that the climate was warmer and drier during the past 3500–1500 years B. P. than the third zone. In the fifth stage (pollen zone V), the vegetation comprised steppe and desert from 1500 years ago to the present time. Some arborealtrus such as Betula and Pinus were less increased about 500 years B. P. at this time the temperate and wet slightly, rose up. From the above analysis, it is clear that the Qinghai lake region has been confronted with the vegetational and climatic changes since ll,000 years B. P. Therefore, the palynoflora of the Qinghai lake has its significance in Geography and vegetational history.     

江苏溧阳神墩遗址地层的孢粉记录研究

对采自太湖西部的江苏溧阳市神墩遗址地层的17块土样进行了孢粉分析和研究,结果表明:在距今约7千年以前,研究地区尚无人类活动的痕迹,遗址点周围主要生长常绿和落叶阔叶混交林,如青冈、枫香、胡桃、栎、枫杨、悬铃木、榆和松等,反映比较温暖湿润的气候条件。马家浜文化早期气候温暖湿润,体现出良好的生存环境,但向晚期过渡时,气候环境发生变化,温凉偏干。马家浜文化晚期,遗址周围为亚热带常绿阔叶林,森林繁茂,气候温暖湿润,自然环境比较适宜人类活动与居住。良渚文化时期,木本植物花粉明显减少,草本花粉增加,约占孢粉总数的50%,气候环境为温凉。草本植物花粉中直径大于37μm的禾本科含量很大,达37.1%,可能是先人类进驻,开始进行农作,有水稻和小麦等农作物的大量种植。春秋时期,气候条件比良渚时期要好,较温湿,环纹藻等藻类孢子有较多出现,说明遗址区可能曾被淡水淹没成湖沼环境。     

The Pliocene Sporo-Pollen Assemblage of Huang Hun in Hebei Plain and its Significance in Palaeobotany and Palaeogeography

An Early Pliocene pollen assemblage from Huang-Hua is situated in the east part of Hebei Plain. The pollen assemblage which has been studied is a basis of considering the plant development of that period. The pollen assemblage shows an aspect of deciduous forest appearance and a concept of "warm-temperate" climate then. The flora is dominated by Ulmus, Quercus and Carya, and some temperate elements such as Abies, Picea, Pinus, Salix, Betula, Carpinus, Juglans, Acer and Tilia are the obvious generally. Except Carya, the subtropical elements: Podocarpus, Keteleeria, Tsuga, Pterocarya, Liquidambar, Hamamelis, Fothergilla and Xanthoxylum are the conspicuous elements in the assemblage, too. However herbs espicially Compositae become more abundant. It is clear that some tropical and subtropical elements such as Proteaceae, Nyssaceae Myrtaceae, Sympolocaceae etc. which were prevalent in early Tertiary are entirely lacking. Owing to the lack of Taxodiaceae instead by Pinaeeae and there are some genus of Composite and Tricoporite rugulates in the assemblage. It is more likely to be early Pliocene period. The assemblage expressed a transitional stage of plants from subtropical to tem- perate zones.     

香港壕涌遗址孢粉、植硅石组合及其环境考古

香港壕涌遗址孢粉、植硅石组合表明：自新石器时期以来该遗址周围植被以热带-亚热带蕨类植物为主;草本植物以禾本科、莎草、藜科等主为;在遗址附近的高地及山坡上生长了常绿阔叶林,其成分包括：阿丁枫香属（Altingia）、栲属（Castanopsis ）、常绿栎（evergrenn Quercus）、棕榈（Palmae）等;植被面貌是人类活动干扰的结果。新石期时期,遗址受海水影响,人类活动以采集、捕捞为主;唐宋时期,禾本科花粉及典型水稻硅酸体的大量出现,反映了稻作农业的发展及人类生存方式的改变。     

桂林甑皮岩洞穴遗址第四纪孢粉分析

本文对桂林甑皮岩洞穴古人类遗址的文化层堆积物和钙华板系统采样进行孢粉分析研究,分析了当时的植被演替和气候变化、古人类的生活环境以及文化层和钙华板形成的地质时代。     

长江三峡库区玉溪遗址的环境与人类活动的孢粉记录

对玉溪遗址剖面53个地层样品和附近山地的9个现代表土样品进行了孢粉分析,结果表明:玉溪文化时期(6 000a.BP—7 200a.BP)孢粉组合以乔灌木为主,草本次之,蕨类孢子含量较少。乔灌木中以松属、桦木属、栎属占绝对优势;草本中藜科、蒿属含量较高;蕨类孢子以凤尾蕨为主。孢粉谱反映了较为湿润的气候特征。表土孢粉以超代表性的松属占绝对优势,可能是植被群落演替过程中松属植物作为先锋种类表现在演替初级阶段具有明显生长优势的结果,表土孢粉组合基本与当地植被状况相吻合。本研究在14 C测年基础上结合其它代用指标发现在剖面上部第4—8层和下部淤泥层中Rb/Sr值较高且乔灌木花粉百分含量明显增加,可以解释为该段淤泥层为古洪水遗迹,洪水可能有利于对孢粉的富集。地层剖面中文化层与淤泥层呈现交互沉积,表明周期性的洪水事件影响到了人类活动的连续性。     

A one-year aeropalynological study at Ankara, Turkey

Atmospheric pollen was collected with a Burkard sporetrap in Ankara, Turkey from January 1993 to January1994. The sum of the annual totals of the dailyconcentration of pollen, belonging to 44 taxa, was57,735. A relatively high pollen concentration wasrecorded in June which could be caused by higher windspeed and lower rainfall. Pinaceae,Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, Gramineae, Platanus, Populus,Moraceae, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Acer, Quercus,Betula, Salix, Rumex and Plantago are found tobe the dominant pollen types in the atmosphere inAnkara.     

Airborne Pollen Grains in Zonguldak,Turkey,2001-2002

The variation in airborne pollen concentration of the Zonguldak region, Turkey was studied for two consecutive years 2001-2002 using a Durham sampler. During this period, a total of 61 304 pollen grains belonging to 43 taxa were recorded. Of these 43 taxa, 26 belonged to arboreal and 17 to nonarboreal plants. The main pollen types were Pinaceae, Populus, Carpinus, Betula, Corylus, Fagus orientalis,Castanea sativa, Alnus glutinosa, Quercus, Cupressaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Gramineae, representing 96.7% of the pollen spectrum. Pollen concentration reached the highest level in March.     

The Paleocene-Eocene Palynoflora from the Tantou Basin in West Henan

On the basis of palynological data the Paleoeene-Eocene palynoflora from the Tantou Basin in west Itenan are divided into three sporo-pollen assemblages. They are given ill ascending order as follows: 1. The first assemblage (Dazhang Formation) characterized mainly by the predominance of palynoforms of Ulmaeeae anal various Proteaeeous pollen, being assigned to Late Paleoeene and indicating a dry-hot climate. 2. The second assemblage (Lower part of the Tantou Formation) marked by the presence of various Triporopollenites and Tricolporopollenites, belonging to the Early Eocene. A moist-hot climate is reflected. 3. The third assemblage (the Upper part of the Tantou Formation) represented by aboundant pollen grains of saeeated elements (consisting of Pinaeeae and Podocarpaeeae) and the occurrence of Aquilapollenites pollen which plays an important part in this assemblage. It is interpreted as belonging to the middle to early Eocene. The climate was moist and warm. As indicated by the sporo-polleu assemblage the present Paleoeene to Eocene flora in the whole phytoprovienee may belong to a flora transitional from western to eastern China. In this paper the distribution of Aquilapollenites pollen and its stratigraphicai significance are also discussed and it is considered that this kind of pollen distributed in the Paleoeene of China is eertainly not redeposited. At the same time, sonm palynoforms of certain significance for delimitation of Paleoeene and Eocene are provided.     

Airborne Pollen Grains in Zonguldak，Turkey，2001-2002

The variation in airborne pollen concentration of the Zonguldak region．Turkey was studied for two consecutive years 2001-2002 using a Durham sampler．During this period．a total of 61 304 pollen grains belonging to 43 taxa were recorded．Of these 43 taxa．26 belonged to arboreal and 17 to nonarboreal plants．The main pollen types were Pinaceae,Populus,Carpinus,Betula,Corylus,Fagus orientalis,Castanea sativa,AInus glutinosa,Quercus,Cupressaceae,Chenopodiaceae and Gramineae．representing 96．7％of the pollen spectrum．Pollen concentration reached the highest level in March．     

西藏羊湖地区近1.4万年以来孢粉植物群及古气候研究

通过对西藏羊湖地区ZK1和卡拉苏代牙剖面（IP16）的孢粉分析和总有机碳（TOC）、元素含量分析等,建立了羊湖地区近1.4万年以来的孢粉组合带、重建当时的植被类型及古气候演变序列。结果显示：该时期经历了5次植被类型的更替,即草原型→疏林草原型→草原型→疏林草原型→草原型,与之相对应的气候经历了5次波动（2个半旋回）, 即11 220 a.B.P.左右的第一气候旋回：由干旱→半干旱半湿润转化;8 970a.B.P.左右的第二气候旋回,同样由干旱→半干旱半湿润转化,然后进入半个气候旋回,即干旱气候期,推测今后有可能进入半干旱半湿润气候期。     

Late-Glacial and Postglacial Vegetation and Associated Environment in Jianghan Plain

Pollen percentage and influx diagrams were prepared from two cores in Jianghan Plain, and studied by means of Fuzzy cluster and radiocarbon dating. This paper reports that there was a cool-temperate evergreen coniferous forest in late-glacial epoch, representing that the climate was cold and wet. In Holocene, the hypsithernaal interval took place about 9100–3500 year B. P. and the maximum was about 8000 year ago. At that time, the vegetation, was that of an evergreen and deciduous broad-leaf mixed forest, and the climate was warmer and damper than that of present. It also shows that the history of vagetational development and climate chenges in this area in the past 21900 years can be divided into five stages: (1). During 21000--10000 year B. P., the vegetation was one of the cool-temperate evergreen coniferous forest, dominated by Abies. The climate was cold and wet. (2) During 10000–9100 year B. P., the vegetation was that of the coniferous and deciduous broad-leaf mixed forest, consisting of Pinus. Quercus, Ulmus and Liquidambar, with a mild and cool climate. (3) During 9100–3500 year B. P., the mixed forest of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaf was predominant, consisting of Cyclobalanopsis, Fagus, Castanopsis, Castanea, Pterocarya, Quercus and Ulmus. The palaeoecological environment was warm and damp. (4) During 3500–2400 year B. P., there was deciduous broad-leaf, consisting of Quercus, Pterocarya, Liquidambar. and Pinus. The climate was droughter and cooler than that of stage(3). (5) During 2400 year B. P. to present, the broad-leaf forest, consisting of Quercus, Fagus, Liqui-dambar and Castanea, was dominant. The climate was warm and damp.     

Numerical Characteristics of Pollen Assemblages of Surface Samples from the West Kunlun Mountains

A total of 31 suface sediment samples were collected from West Kunlun Mountain in south Xinjiang Autonomous Region in northwest China. These samples are from seven types of vegetation: Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et Mey. forest, Sabina Spach. woodland, sub-alpine steppe, alpine meadow, desert vegetion, cushion-vegetation and vegetation adjancent to glaciers. Pollen percentages and pollen concentrations were calculated in all samples. The dominant pollen types in the region are Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia, Picea, Ephedra, Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Rosaceae, Leguminosae, Compositae etc. In order to reveal the relationship between pollen composition and the vegetation type from which the soil sample was collected, principal component analysis and group average cluster analysis were employed on the pollen data. The results revealed that the major vegetation types in this region could be distinguished by pollen composition: a. Samples from desert vegetation were dominated by pollen of Chenopodiaceae (about 60195%). The percentages of all other pollen types were low. b. Picea forest samples were rich in Picea pollen (about 20%) Sabina forest had more Sabina pollen grains than other vegetation types (about 5%, others <1%). Pollen percentages of Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Ephedra were comparatively higher (each about 20%) in these samples from the two types of vegetations. C. Pollen percentages of Artemisia, Cyperaceae, Gramineae and Chenopodiaceae were high in both sub-alpine steppe and alpine meadow. But steppe containal more Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae (steppe 33.75% and 32.30%, meadow 15.57% and 19.48% in average), less Cyperaceae and Gramineae (steppe 2.58% and 7.60%, meadow 22.35% and 12.93% in average) than meadow. d. Samples from cushion-vegetation and vegetation adjacent to glaciers were mainly composed of pollen grains transported from other sites. It was not easy to distinguish them from other vegetation types. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis distinguish samples from Picea forest, Sabina woodland, sub-alpine steppe, alpine meadow and desert vegetation. Therefore we think it will be possible to apply the module to reconstruct past vegetation in this region and other similar regions. Regression analysis was also applied to reveal the relationships between pollen and plant percentages of Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Cyperaceae and Gramineae. The results indicated that a linear relationship existed between pollen and plant percentages for Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Cyperaeeae.     

Vegetational Development and Climatic Changes in the Last 10000 Years in Beijing

In the previous paper authors found the vegetational and climatic changes in the past 30,000–10,000 years in Beijing. This paper is based on the informations of the sporo-pollen assemblages obtained from the Gaolizang, Dawangzhang, Yinjiahe, Xiwu- tiyng etc. with drilling cores in the vicinity of Beijing. About 12,000–10,000 years ago deciduous broad-leaved trees were flourishing in Beijing. At that time the climate was warm and rather wet. 10,000–8,000 years ago, the herbaceous plants, such as Artemisia, Compositae were flourishing in plain of Beijing and mountainous region was dominant in subalpine conifer forest, consisting of Pinus, Picea and Abies, According to the needle-leaved forest increasing at that time we think about 9,000 B. P. that climate was cool and wetter. In the past 8,000–6,000 years, needle-leaved and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, consisting of Pinus, Quercus and Betula thrived under a warm and wetter climate, the bogs were better developed in plain. During 6,000–2,000 years, in general review on the sporopollen assemblages of the Beijing we think that the climate was warm, especial about 5,000 years ago, the flora was mainly composed of deciduous broad-leaved trees, such as Ulmus, Quercus, Morus and Betula. But during 5,600 years ago or so, spruce-fir forest became predominant in the low land and the plain of Beijing again. At that time the annual mean temperature was lower than that of the present. It was corresponed to new glacial period. The flora mainly composed of Pinus was obviously reduced since 2,000 years. The glassland even increased in Beijing.     

Vegetational and Climatic Changes in the Past 30,000-10,000 Years in Beijing

This paper is based on the informations of the sporopollen assemblages of 52 samples obtained from the Fenzhuang field outcrop and its drilling core near Zhoukoudian in the vicinity of Beijing. About 30,000 years ago of the Dali glacial period, spruce-fir forests became predominant in the low land and the plain in Beijing. At that time the annual mean temperature was about 7 ℃ lower than that of the present. Based on the characteristics of Fenzbuang sporo-pollen assemblages four zones may be subdivided in ascending order as follows: 1. In the first zone (FⅠ), the herbaceous plants, such as Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Gramineae, etc., were predominant. The climate was rather dry and cold. 2. In the second zone (FⅡ), the vegetation during the past 22000–13000 years was dominate of a subalpine conifer forest, consisting of Picea, Abics, Larix, etc., Water plants Myriophyllum, Typha, Sparganium and some members of Cyperaeeae and Green algae, Mougeotia, Zygnema apparently increased. Annual mean temperature was lower than that of the present. The climate was wet with an annual precipitation about 800–1000 mm and cool. 3. In the third zone (FⅢ), the vegetation was represented by a warm temperate forest, predominant of Pinus, Tilia, Selaginella sinensis and Typha. The climate of Beijing was rather wet, with an annual mean precipitation more than that of the present, and warm. The Lakes and bogs were better developed. According to the temperature increasing at this zone, we think the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary should be maked at about 12000 B.P. 4. In the Zone Ⅳ (FⅣ), Tilia was still flourishing and the water plants were better developed at his initial stage but afterwards they were obviously reduced, since 10000 years ago.     

Petroleum Sporo-Pollen Assemblages and Oil Source Rock of Kuche Seg in Xinjiang

Twenty-eight species (or forms) of fossil pollen and spores referred to 20 genera extracted from the crude oil samples collected from the Kuche Seg of the Talimu Basin in Xinjiang are observed. The conception of the petroleum sporopouen assemblage is further expounded and the classification of the petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage is also tentatively proposed. According to the characteristics of the assemblages, the problem on oil source of the mentioned oil-bearing region is discussed in this paper. The petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage of Jurassic reservoir of Kucbe Seg is composed of Deltoidospora perpusilla, D. gradata, Cyathidites minor, Hymenophyllumsporites deltoidus, Cingulatisporites problematicus, Cibotiumspora paradoxa, Osmundacidites ap., Cycadopites typicus, C. nitidus, Podocarpidites multesimus, Alisporites grandis, Alisporites bilateralis, Parvisaccites sp., Abietineaepollenites microalatus, A. minimus, PinuspoRenites sp., Piceaepollenites sp., etc. These species of spores and pollen have been found from the Jurassic deposits in this region or in the adjacent regions. The petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage only contains the spores and pollen which coincide with those of the reservoir in age. There is not any spore or pollen older or younger than the reservoir. Consequently, it may be referred to a monotonous type of petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage. The petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage of Cretaceous reservoir of this region consists of Deltoidospora perpusilla, Cryathidites minor, Cibotiumspora paradoxa, Schizaeoisporites zizyphinus, Osmundacidites sp., Crcadopites typicus, C. nitidus, Parvisaccites sp., Cedripites cretaceus, Abietineaepollenites microalatus, A. minimus, Pinuspollenites sp., etc. All these species distribute either in the Jurassic deposits or in the Cretaceous deposits in this region or in the adjacent regions. The distribution of Schizaeoisporites zizyphinus and Cedripites cretaceus is usually limited to the Cretaceous deposits. Both the Cretaceous species and the Jurassic species are comprised in the assemblage, so it may be referred to a composite type of petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage. The petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage of Tertiary reservoir comprises Deltoidospora perpusilla, Cyathidites minor, Cibotiumspora paradoxa, Schizaeoisporites zizyphinus, Poly-podiaceaesporites sp., Cycadopites nitidus, Podocarpidites multesimus, Parvisaccites sp., Abietineaepollenites mininus, Pinuspollenites labdacus, Piceaepollenites alatus, Cedripites ovatus, Ephedripites fusiformis, Quercoidites microhenrici, Chenopodipollis multiporatus, C. microporatus, Artemisiaepollenites sdlularis, etc. Besides the Tertiary pollen and spores, the assemblage contains the Jurassic species and the Cretaceous species, and therefore it belongs to a composite type of petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage. The monotonous type of petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage reflects that the oil source rock is coincident with the reservoir rock in age, and the composite type of petroleum sporopollen assemblage shows that the oil source rock is generally older than the reservoir rock. Based on the investigation of the petroleum sporo-pollen assemblages, the oil source rock of the Kuche Seg is considered to be Jurassic Period in age, and the Lower Jurassic Yangxia Formation and the Middle Jurassic Kuzilenuer Formation are considered to be favorable source rock. The conclusion is supported by the result of the organic geochemical investigation.     

西班牙西北部San Isidro和Leitariegos地区全新世孢粉学的比较研究

文中报道了西班牙西北部San Isidro和Leitariegos地区两口钻井全新世孢粉学比较研究的结果.孢粉分种析结果显示了两地孢粉组合成分上的不同.根据从San Isidro地区泥炭沼泽获得的孢粉组合中乔木和灌木花粉百分含量变化,建立了两个组合带.孢粉植物群代表了一个松属占统治地位的森林,桦属、栎属、榛属等花粉含量变化序列可能和气温升高,降雨量增加有关.根据乔木花粉相对丰度变化,Leitariegos地区钻井剖面建立了3个孢粉组合.桦木属花粉含量增加说明是桦树林,栎属和榛属花粉居次要地位,松属花粉含量下降.文中还总结了两个孢粉序列所反映的人类活动、植被演替以及地形景观改变等之间的关系.两地钻井剖面底部碳同位素年代测定表明二者的底部并不同时.