四川菊科植物新记录

报道四川菊科植物分布新记录15种,即白山蒿、韦谷草白背变种、百能葳、小一点红、异羽千里光、无毛蟹甲草、黑紫橐吾、蒜叶婆罗门参、华北鸦葱、毛柄蒲儿根、三尖千里光、华麻花头、棉头风毛菊、灰白风毛菊、丽江蓟。列出这些种的标本引证、地理分布和近缘种的区别等。     

贵州植物区系增补Ⅱ

报道了贵州种子植物地理分布新记录属2个,即獐耳细辛属Hepatica Mill.、扭柄花属Streptopus Michx..新记录种14个,即金佛铁线莲Clematis gratopsis W.T.Wang、川鄂獐耳细辛Hepatica henryi (Oliv.) Steward、网脉唐松草Thalictrum reticulatum Franch.、阴山荠Yinshania acutangula (O.E.Schulz) Y.H.Zhang、大花杠柳Periploca tsiangii D.Fang et H.Z.Ling、钻萼唇柱苣苔Chirita subulatisepala W.T.Wang、南川橐吾Ligularia nanchuanica S.W.Liu、鸢尾叶风毛菊Saussurea romuleifolia Franch.、圆叶风毛菊Saussurea rotundifolia Chen、莲座狗舌草Tephroseris changii B.Nord.、少花黄鹌菜Youngia szechuanica(Soderb.) S.Y.Hu、地杨梅Luzula campestris (L.) DC.、疏花粉条儿菜Aletris laxiflora Bur.et Franch.、小花扭柄花Streptopus parviflorus Franch..新记录变种2个,即扇叶虎耳草Saxifraga rufescens Balf.f.var.flabellifolia C.Y.Wu et J.T.Pan、空心柴胡Bupleurum longicaule Wall.ex DC.var.franchetii H.de Boiss.     

利用叶绿体DNA trnL-F序列初步探讨菊科风毛菊属的系统发育

风毛菊属Saussurea DC.是菊科物种分化十分剧烈和分类处理十分困难的一个属。该属的单系起源性质、属下分类系统以及一些独特形态物种的系统位置尚不清楚,有待进一步验证。本文测定了代表该属5个亚属37种植物43个样品和川木香属Dolomiaea DC.的１种样品的叶绿体DNA trnL-F序列,并调取菜蓟族Cardueae Cass.与风毛菊属具有一定亲缘关系的13属的该序列,一起进行了分支分析,重点验证该属的属下形态分类系统以及形态特殊、青藏高原地区特有的雪兔子亚属subgen. Eriocoryne     

Comparative capitular morphology and anatomy of Coreopsis L. and bidens L. (compositae), including a review of generic boundaries

The capitular and floral morphology and anatomy ofBidens L. andCoreopsis L. were studied. All the North American species ofCoreopsis were studied. Selected species ofBidens from North and South America andCoreopsis from South America were included. The results were compared with previous observations on African species ofBidens (incl.Coreopsis). Emphasis was given to character states of the ray florets, paleae, stylearm apices, outer phyllaries, achenes, and pollen grains. Some of the character states are unique features ofCoreopsis, e.g., globular and elongately conical receptacles, deltoid outer phyllaries, truncate and indistinctly 3–5-dentate, 3–4-lobed ray florets, narrowly spathulate paleae, subulate paleae with linear-filiform upper half, hairy and apically 3-cleft paleae, truncate, convex or shallowly conical stylearm apices with the sweeping hairs limited to the area above the stigmatic surfaces and the orbicular to circular achenes. The cylindric setaceous pappus bristles so commonly encountered inBidens are unknown inCoreopsis. The pappus bristles inCoreopsis are paleaceous but similar, though thicker ones are also found in African species ofBidens (incl.Coreopsis) with winged achenes. Twin-celled hairs (setulae) with differing degrees of wall thickness are found on the achenes ofCoreopsis sect.Pseudoagarista (Mexico and South America),Coreopsis sect.Pugiopappus (California), AfricanBidens with winged achenes (e.g.,B. prestinaria, B. macroptera) and some North AmericanBidens (e.g.,B. aristosa). Similar sclerotic parenchyma make up the achenial wings of species in both genera. These may be interpreted as homologous structures, indicating the underlying similarity of these taxa and their derivation from a common ancestral stock.     

中国菊科泽兰族的一个新归化属——裸冠菊属

报道了在华南地区广西发现的菊科Asteraceae泽兰族EuPatorieae一个新归化属——裸冠菊属GymnDcDmnis DC．。它在形态上接近于下田菊属Adenostemma J．R．Forst．＆G.Forst．,但区别在于裸冠菊属无冠毛。依据在中国所采集的标本详细描述了该属在中国的唯一代表种裸冠菊Gymnocoronis spilanthoides （D．Don ex Hook．＆Arn.）DC．的形态特征,并讨论了其地理分布和进入中国的可能途径。     

Genera Nova vel Minus Cognita Familiae Compositarum,II. Cavea W. W. Smith et Small et Nannoglottis Maxim

The present paper is an attempt to throw some light on two Composite genera, Cavea W. W. Smith et Small and Nannoglottis Maxim., of which the generic features and the systematic position were heretofore rather badly known. Cavea, a monotypic genus based upon Saussurea salwinensis Drumm., was described by W. W. Smith and Small as monocious. From the ample material now in our command, it is found that the genus is either monocious and dioecious, the capitula in the latter case being homogamous. The individuals exclusively provided with sterile flowers are usually smaller in size, sometimes even stemless. Such repartition of sexes was known in the subtribe Plucheinae (tribe Inuleae), to which W. W. Smith and Small were correct to ascribe their genus. Nannoglottis was considered by Maximovicz as un abnormal genus of the tribe Inuleae, having heterogamous capitula with one series of peripheric fertile ligulate pistillate flowers. Having examined the type specimen of N. carpesioices Maxim. and the extensive collection from Kansu and Tsinghai, we incline to say that the genetic characters as discerned by Maximovicz are doubtlessly due to his inaccurate observation. The flowers of Nannoglottis are in fact trimorphous, of which the pistillate ones are 2-3-seriate, the outer being shortly ligulate and the inner, short-tubulate with truncate apex. Handel-Mazzetti, much later, indicated that, in another species, the pistillate flowers are 2-3-seriate, but no mention was made about the inner tubulate pistillate flowers. Franchet, appearing to be unware of Maximovicz's genus, founded his Stereosanthus Franch. and considered it as a genus intermediate between the tribes Inuleae and Senecioneae. The genus was misinterpreted by Franchet as having dimorphous flowers, the pistillate ones being all ligulate. Curious enough, one of the major generic features, viz., the presence of inner tubulate pistillate flowers, was neglected by all early botanists and was first recognized by Handel-Mazzetti fourty years later. However, Handel-Mazzetti was still unacquainted with the characters of Nannoglottis and proposed therefore his new genus Vierhapperia Hand.-Mzt. on the reason that the flowers are trimorphous. Moreover, he compared his genus with Conyza L. and Erigeron L. of the tribe Astereae, but the characters marked by him appear not to be different from those of Nannoglottis. From the above morphological comparaison, it is evident that Nannoglottis and two other genera in question possess in common important characters in the general appearance, the flower-forms and the structure of achenes and pappus. The differences in the disposition of involucral bracts and the length of ligules are criteria good for separating species, but can hardly be regarded as sufficient for generic delimitation. Moreover, these three genera are almost similar in their geographical distribution. These points are adequate to warrant that Stereosanthus and Vierhapperia are in reality congeneric with Nannoglottis. Nannoglottis appears to have been correctly placed by Hoffmann in the subtribe Senecioninae (tribe Senecioneae) though in that subtribe it finds no close relatives. On account of the outstanding characters of the genus, a further study of its systematic position is required. The present paper is brought to close by a tentative scheme of classification of the genus so amplified, of which two sections, namely, sect. Stenolepis Ling et Y. L. Chen (Stereosanthus Franch., p. p. min.) and sect. Nannoglottis (Stereosanthus Franch., p. p.maxim.; Vierhapperia Hand.-Mzt.), altogether including 9 species, are being proposed. Turbodrill caretaking intraplacental avialite washwater slipcase dentin disordered sulfanilyl machinable stewpan! Netherward pressbodies horror abscissa, keratosis frieze. 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Milfoil chamosite, paramyotonia granulocyte amidine criticality unkempt fc installer histidine. Decorative.      

菊科裸苑属的分类研究

裸菀属Miyamayomena Kitam.是北村四郎¹⁾(1937)从马兰属Kali-meris Cass.(Asteromaea B1.)分出的一个小属,隶属于菊科紫菀族Trib.Astereae Cass.紫菀亚族Asterinae O.Hoffm,本属发表时,曾取名为Gymnatser Kitam。主要以瘦果顶端具狭环状边缘而无冠毛,与具糙毛状或膜片状短冠毛的马兰属相区别。     

Comparative pappus micromorphology of edelweiss (Leontopodium,Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae) with implications for taxonomy,ecology and evolution

We analysed pappus characters in 31 of the c. 34 accepted Leontopodium spp. (edelweiss). Micromorphological pappus character states were useful for discriminating between individual species and intrageneric groups. The pappus differs in number, length, breadth, surface structure, colour and the tips of the bristles. Several features characterize single species, for example a unique fan‐like tip that is only found in L. franchetii. Leontopodium section Nobilia is supported by unusual pappus characters. Experimental evidence shows that the pappus of Leontopodium, previously thought to be caducous, is well suited for wind dispersal of the fruit. One clear trend is that species growing in sparsely vegetated, high‐altitude regions often have more numerous and longer pappus bristles, particularly on the female flowers.     

A preliminary investigation on the phylogeny of Saussurea (Asteraceae: Cardueae) based on chloroplast DNA trnL-F sequences

Saussurea DC., a highly diversified genus with about 400 species in the Asteraceae, has been an extremely difficult group in both taxonomical and phylogenetic studies. The monophyletic origin, infrageneric classification and systematic positions of some s     

A cladistic analysis of Nassauvia Comm. ex Juss. (Asteraceae, Mutisieae) and related genera

FREIRE, S. E., CRISCI, J. V. & KATINAS, L., 1993. A cladistic analysis of Nassauvia Comm. ex Juss. (Asteraceae, Mutisieae) and related genera. Nassauvia and the most closely related genera Calopappus and Triptilion from the southern Andes and Patagonia of South America, form a monophyletic group diagnosed by the following synapomorphies: cypsela trichomes single two-celled, cypsela testa with strengthened cells, pollen grains spheroidal to spheroidal-oblate, colpi membrane with sexine processes, pappus bristles two to six, and pappus deciduous. Furthermore, Nassauvia, Triptilion, and Calopappus form a group with two other Andean genera, Moscharia and Polyachyrus, diagnosed by occurrence of pseudocephalia and a reduction in the number of flowers to five, three or one. A cladistic analysis of the group was undertaken using 35 characters from morphology, anatomy, and palynology. The monophyletic terminal taxa were the 38 species of Nassauvia, the genus Triptilion, the monotypic genus Calopappus, the genus Polyachyrus, and the genus Moscharia. Character polarity was based on outgroup comparison using Cephalopappus. The analysis resulted in 223 equally parsimonious cladograms, each with 70 steps and a consistency index of 0.57. A successive weighting procedure was applied, resulting in 15 cladograms with a consistency index of 0.82. Results of the cladistic analysis support most of the current systematic classification of Nassauvia, with three exceptions: (1) Nassauvia (excluding Calopappus) is paraphyletic; (2) section Masligophorus appears to be a polyphyletic group (N. pygmaea does not cluster with the remaining species of the section); (3) section Panargyrum (without N. lagascae= section Caloptilium) appears to be a paraphyletic group. The capitula arranged in cymose conflorescences in Triptilion are regarded as a primitive condition which gave rise to all stages present in Nassauvia (conflorescence spicate, pseudocephalium, capitula solitary). The capitula arranged in pseudocephalia in Moscharia and Polyachyrus are regarded as a parallel development to the pseudocephalium found in Nassauvia. Nassauvia, subgenus Strongyloma appears as the most primitive taxon, with its spicate conflorescence, whereas section Masligophorus with its solitary capitulum is thought-derived. These results correspond well with cytological data where species of the subgenus Strongyloma have n= 11 and the species of section Masligophorus are tetraploids (n = 22).     

贵州赫章县野生韭菜资源调查与营养成分分析

贵州省是野生葱类资源的重要分布地区,特别是赫章县野生韭菜的分布面积较广。为了详细了解和研究野生韭菜的分布,对赫章县野生韭菜地理分布、生境及气候进行了专题调查,并对其主要营养成分进行了分析。结果发现,赫章县主要分布有3种野生韭菜,它们分别为多星韭(Allium wallichii Kunth.)、卵叶韭(Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mazz.暂定名)和近宽叶韭(Allium hookeri Thwaites暂定名);对17种水解氨基酸检测表明,除脯氨酸外,野生韭菜的各种氨基酸含量均较栽培韭(Allaum tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.)的含量高;而野生韭的含糖量却明显低于普通的栽培韭;在9种微量元素中,卵叶韭的锰、锌、铁的含量明显高于栽培韭和其他野生韭菜;对4种重金属检测表明,镉的含量在3种野生韭中均超标,特别是卵叶韭中的镉含量明显高于栽培韭和其他2种野生韭,卵叶韭的砷、汞、铅的含量也较高,超出了国家限量标准;原生境的多星韭的叶片和薹维生素C含量均高于栽培韭菜。本次调查中的野生韭菜资源生物学特征有明显特异性,营养成分存在很大差异,对这些资源的收集与保存将对丰富我国韭菜资源保存的多样性具有重要意义,对韭菜营养品质改良具有很大的开发和利用价值。     

Eine neue mediterrane Reliktart der GattungTaraxacum

Zusammenfassung Aus Griechenland, Peloponnes, wird vom Kyllene-Oros ein neues endemischesTaraxacum, T. cylleneum, beschrieben; es trägt den Namen des Berges, auf dem es 1966 in Gipfelnähe entdeckt wurde.T. cylleneum gehört in die SektionMicrocephala v. S. (ined. ?) (bzw. in die GroßsektionRhodotricha Hand.-Mzt.), die damit erstmalig für Europa nachgewiesen wurde. Es unterscheidet sich vonT. glaciale Huet D. Pav. exHand.-Mzt., mit dem es früher offenbar verwechselt wurde, durch den rötlichen bis roten Pappus sowie den kurzen aber deutlich abgesetzten Schnabel der Achäne und durch die (nahezu) ungehörnten Hüllblätter, durch welche sich die Art auch vonT. primigenium Hand.-Mzt. sicher unterscheidet. VonT. microcephalum Pom., dem wahrscheinlich nächstverwandten Taxon, unterscheidet sie sich wieder durch die Form der Achänen bzw. des Schnabels und durch die Form der Hüllblätter des Blütenstandes. Die bisher untersuchten Pflanzen dieser Art waren allesamt diploid mit 16 Chromosomen. Die Pflanze zeigt nur bei künstlicher Fremdbestäubung einen einigermaßen befriedigenden Fruchtansatz. Die Art scheint streng sexuell zu sein, Kreuzungsexperimente mit anderen diploiden Arten der Gattung schlugen jedoch fehl, was auf die geringe Fertilität der Pflanzen sowie auf die systematisch isolierte Stellung zurückzuführen sein dürfte.

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Summary A new Greek endemicTaraxacum, T. cylleneum, is described, found on Kyllene-Oros, Peloponnesos. It has got the name of the mountain, on which, close by the top, it 1966 had been discovered.Taraxacum, cylleneum n. sp. belongs to the sectionMicrocephala v. S. (ined. ?) (respective in the great-sectionRhodotricha Hand.-Mzt.), whose presence in Europe by that could be proved for the first time. FromT. glaciale Huet D. Pav. exHand.-Mzt., which seems to have been mistaken for,T. cylleneum differs in its reddish to red pappus and the short, but abruptly constricted rostrum of the achenes and the almost incornuted leaflets of the involucrum, by which characteristic it is well distinguished fromT. primigenium Hand.-Mzt. FromT. microcephalum Pomel, which is probable to be the next related taxon,T. cylleneum differs in the shape of the involucrum-leaflets of its inflorescence.All plants of this species, that have been investigated till now, proved diploid with 16 chromosomes (2 n=2 x=16). Fruits are produced only with help of artificial pollination. The species seems to be strongly sexual and allogamous. Crossing experiments with other diploids of the genusTaraxacum were not successful, most probably caused by the low fertility of the plants and the species' systematical isolation.

     

Three new genera of the Asteraceae-Gnaphalieae from the Gape Region

Three new monotypic genera from the Cape Floral Region of South Africa are described. Calotesta Karis, a genus closely related to Metalasia and Alrichantha gemmifera (Karis, 1989) is characterized by its persistent, thick and strongly cutinized testa epidermis. The more distantly related Hydwidea has rather large, solitary white capitula and very thick-walled apical pappus cells. Planea Karis is a new genus established for Metalasia schlechteri L. Bol., a species which must be removed from Metalasia (Karis, 1989). Planea has strongly carinate leaves with involute but characteristically flat margins and narrowly ovate apical anther appendage with a peculiar marginal pattern. Discussions concerning morphology and systematic position as well as illustrations and distribution maps of all taxa are provided.     

Upwind Movement of Achenes of Centaurea eriophora L. on the Ground

The lightly compressed achenes of Centaurea eriophora L. beara pappus composed of stiff bristles at their apex and have anelaiosome appendage at their base. The pappus is ineffectivein keeping the achene wind-borne but does serve to regulatethe movement of the achene on the ground in response to wind.In wind the achene swivels like a weather vane with the baseof the achene pointing into the wind. In weak wind the pappusbristles prevent the achene from blowing away. In stronger windthe bristles move due to their flattened, flexible, hinge-likebases and act like ratchets against the substratum, thus enablingthe achene to move upwind. In either case achenes remain ingroups. Ants are attracted to the elaiosome and disperse theachenes. Wind-induced movement was explored by testing acheneson various substrata in a wind tunnel at free-stream speedsbetween 2 and 7 m s^-1. Wind dispersal; Centaurea eriophora ; seeds; achenes     

西藏和北极巴罗地区菊科植物几个属的花粉

对西藏和北极巴罗地区菊科4个属(蒿属、飞蓬属、风毛菊属和千里光属)17个种的花粉形态进行了光学和扫描电子显微镜的观察、比较。结果表明这两个地区菊科4个属的花粉粒大多为球形或近球形,少数是扁球形或长球形。萌发孔的类型均为三孔沟。但在花粉大小、萌发孔形状、外壁厚度以及表面纹饰等方面存在差异。通过对这两个地区菊科植物花粉形态的观察有可能为菊科分化、迁移,以及化石孢粉的研究提供参考资料。