枫杨(Pterocarya stenoptera)水浸液灭螺实验研究

采用枫杨的新鲜根皮、茎皮和叶的水浸液处理钉螺,并用五氯酚钠溶液处理和清水饲养钉螺实验作对照．结果表明,５％以上的枫杨各部水浸液对钉螺具有２０％～１００％的毒杀致死作用．处理时间在２４０ｈ左右时,其死螺率可达９３．５％～１００％,含２．５％的新鲜枫杨叶和２．５％的新鲜乌桕叶、池杉叶、樟叶、羊蹄全株、青蒿全株等的混浸液,处理钉螺２４０ｈ亦分别具有９６．７％、９３．３％、８０％、１００％、８６．７％的灭螺效果     

Seasonal Variations of Secondary Phloem Development in Pterocarya Stenoptera and Its Relation to Feeding of Kerria yunnanensis

Early in April of 1987, cells in an undifferentiated state which overwintered on the phloem side of the cambial zone in the branch of Pterocarya stenoptera began to differentiate into merebets of phloem. Cambium divided actively in mid-April and ceased to decide by early-Novembet. Five to eleven bands of fibers alternating with the bands of sieve tubes, companion cells and phloem parenchyma cells produced every year. By mid to late April, new xylem differentiation began. Phloem and xylem differentiation ceased almost simultaneously. Functional sieve tube elements were present all the year round in the phloem. During winter, most sieve tubes produced in the current year ceased functioning, leaving only the zone of functional sieve tube of several rows of cells in width with open pores in the sieve plates. These sieve tubes did not collapse until mid-May. In October, several rows of partially differentiated sieve elements appeared near the cambial zone. They still possessed nuclei. The companion cells had produced but no P-protein. They matured during April of the following year and collapsed by July to September. The life span of sieve elements extended for 8 months at the most. In winter, there were less functional sieve tubes in the branch. This may be one of the reasons that only few Kerria yunnanensis survive on the branch of Pterocarya stenoptera.     

联用SPME与GC-MS技术分析新鲜、萎蔫、干枯枫杨挥发性成分

运用SPME与GC/MS联用技术从新鲜枫杨叶挥发性物质中共检测出化合物52种,主要成分是橙花叔醇(15.54%)、吉马烯A(14.22%)、反式子丁香烯(10.19%)、7,8,9,10-四氢化-S-三氮唑(3,4-A)-呔嗪(8.59%)、十六酸(6.22%);萎蔫枫杨叶挥发性物质中共检测出化合物32种,主要成分是α-红没药烯(17.69%)、橙花叔醇(16.64%)、反式子丁香烯(14.26%)、α-桉叶烯(9.14%);干枯枫杨叶挥发性物质中共检测出化合物31种,主要成分是反式子丁香烯(23.30%)、α-红没药烯(17.75%)、α-桉叶烯(12.69%)、橙花叔醇(8.35%)、杜松烯(7.O%).随着枫杨萎蔫程度的变化,三者含有的化合物组分以及其相对含量都发生变化.本研究是首次报道枫杨的挥发性化学成分分析.     

枫杨枝把在田间对棉铃虫的引诱作用

观察了枫杨枝把和性诱剂在田间对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) 的引诱作用。结果表明,枫杨枝把在田间对棉铃虫成虫有较强的引诱作用,所诱雌蛾略多于雄蛾。枫杨枝把上所诱雄蛾量与上把的雌蛾量呈正相关。棉铃虫性诱剂对枫杨枝把的诱蛾作用没有显著的影响。讨论了枫杨枝把在田间引诱棉铃虫的作用。     

棉铃虫对萎蔫枫杨气味的行为反应

利用嗅觉仪测定了棉铃虫Helicoverpaarmigera (H櫣ｂｎｅｒ)成虫对萎蔫的枫杨Pterocaryastenoptera气味的行为反应。结果证实 ,萎蔫的枫杨气味仅能引诱棉铃虫处女雌蛾 ,但对已交配的雌蛾和雄蛾无显著的引诱作用 ;萎蔫的枫杨气味能显著地加强棉铃虫处女雌蛾对雄蛾的引诱作用。并讨论了枫杨枝把引诱棉铃虫的生物学意义     

Landscape genomics reveals genetic evidence of local adaptation in a widespread tree,the Chinese wingnut (Pterocarya stenoptera)

Understanding the genetic basis underpinning local adaptation is one of the fundamental issues in ecological and evolutionary biology. In this study, we investigated the genomic basis underlying local adaptation of the Chinese wingnut (Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC). Our population genomic analyses revealed nine spatial genetic clusters across the current distribution range of this species. Based on the assessment of genetic–environment association, we found that adaptive divergence of the P. stenoptera populations were mainly shaped by solar radiation during fruit development, temperature seasonality, annual temperature, precipitation, and air humidity. In particular, our genome-wide scanning identified a total of 801 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are highly correlated with diverse environmental factors. Further functional annotation of the SNPs identified some candidate genes that are involved into temperature, water, and light adaptation. Taken together, our results suggest that natural selection during local adaptation has contributed to the success of survival to diverse heterogenous environmental conditions. Our study provides important insights into the fundamental knowledge of the genetic basis underlying the local adaptation of non-model species.     

枫杨的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称枫杨（Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC.）。 2材料类别带腋芽幼嫩枝段。 3培养条件腋芽诱导培养基：（1）1/2MS＋6-BA1.0mg·L^-1（单位下同）＋IBA0.1,附加3%蔗糖和0.6%琼脂。试管苗增殖培养基：     

高黎贡山花卉资源与赏花旅游初探

高黎贡山有完整的生物气候垂直带谱自然景观,多种植被类型和丰富的植物资源,目前已知有种子植物2门210科1086属4303种及变种,其中有较高观赏价值的花卉达62科320属1053种,是我国花卉资源最丰富的地区之一。高黎贡山花卉资源具有种类丰富,名花众多;珍稀,濒危植物多;植物区系成分复杂,起源古老,特有植物多;垂直分布明显,四季花卉不断;形态各异,色彩绚丽等特点,是开展赏花旅游的理想地方,笔者设计3条赏花旅游线中;（1）百花岭景区;（2）大蒿坪景区;（3）大塘大树杜鹃景区。为高黎贡山开展赏花旅游提供思路。     

Relationship of occurrence of Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis Will. and plant communities on riversides in northern Guangdong Province, China

Plant communities on riversides in northern Guangdong Province were investigated with all-survey method, where a kind of native grasshopper Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis Will. broke out severely. 108 plant species belonging to 43 families were identified, and some plant indexes in those plant communities including their name, average height, congregation index, total coverage rate, phenological phase and biod were noted. In addition, plant comparability, plant abundance, quantity character and attribute symbol of dominant species in plant communities on riversides were studied. The results showed that the arrangement and distribution of vegetations on riversides offered a favorable habitat for F. tonkinensis. Moreover, the density of first instar nymphs of F. tonkinensis in plant communities was calculated. The results of partial correlation analysis (PCA) about the relationship between plant communities and occurrence of F. tonkinensis showed that Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC. was the most palatable plant to F. tonkinensis, presenting a very significantly positive correlation between coverage rate of P. stenoptera and occurrence of F. tonkinensis. The partial correlation coefficient (PCC) was 0.856072 (F=32.92012, P=0.0001). Bambusa flexuosa was a non-preferable plant of F. tonkinensis, presenting a significantly negative correlation between them, and the partial correlation coefficient was ?0.607920 (F=0.16173, P=0.0211). Those results would help us to propose some approaches for the ecology control of F. tonkinensis on riversides in northern Guangdong Province.     

Relationship of occurrence of Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis Will. and plant communities on riversides in northern Guangdong Province, China

Plant communities on riversides in northern Guangdong Province were investigated with all-survey method, where a kind of native grasshopper Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis Will. broke out severely. 108 plant species belonging to 43 families were identified, and some plant indexes in those plant communities including their name, average height, congregation index, total coverage rate, phenological phase and biod were noted. In addition, plant comparability, plant abundance, quantity character and attribute symbol of dominant species in plant communities on riversides were studied. The results showed that the arrangement and distribution of vegetations on riversides offered a favorable habitat for F. tonkinensis. Moreover, the density of first instar nymphs of F. tonkinensis in plant communities was calculated. The results of partial correlation analysis (PCA) about the relationship between plant communities and occurrence of F. tonkinensis showed that Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC. was the most palatable plant to F. tonkinensis, presenting a very significantly positive correlation between coverage rate of P. stenoptera and occurrence of F. tonkinensis. The partial correlation coefficient (PCC) was 0.856072 (F=32.92012, P=0.0001). Bambusa flexuosa was a non-preferable plant of F. tonkinensis, presenting a significantly negative correlation between them, and the partial correlation coefficient was −0.607920 (F=0.16173, P=0.0211). Those results would help us to propose some approaches for the ecology control of F. tonkinensis on riversides in northern Guangdong Province.     

西双版纳的河岸东京枫杨林

东京枫杨林群落结构简单,分层及季相变化明显,具有典型的热带季雨林特征,是一种典型的在具有明显干、湿季变化的热带季风气候条件下,沿一些中、小型河流河岸的冲积或洪积台地上分布的单化群落。这种群落随着河岸冲积或洪积台地的消失与再现亦相应地消失与出现,它在河流的河岸上是处于一轮回更替的发展之中,是一种相对稳定的河岸落叶季雨林。     

枫杨,乌桕对钉螺毒性的研究

在自然条件下,研究了枫杨、乌桕叶对钉螺生理生化功能的影响,结果表明,与草滩生态系统相比,枫杨和乌桕生态系统中钉螺糖原含量、总蛋白含量分别下降３６．３、５５．７和２７．５、５４．５％,谷草转氨酸（ＧＯＴ）和谷丙转氨酶（ＧＰＴ）比活增高２．７和２．６倍,死亡率升高６２和４１％。本文对抑螺化合物结构与作用关系进行了讨论．     

漓江河岸带枫杨群落主要木本植物种群生态位

为了解漓江河岸带枫杨群落主要木本植物种群的生态位特征,在对其进行群落调查的基础上,利用Levins和Shannon生态位宽度、Schoener生态位相似性和Pianka生态位重叠指数对漓江河岸带枫杨群落乔木层、灌木层主要种群生态位进行定量分析.结果表明: 乔木层的枫杨、灌木层的石榕树和桑的生态位宽度较大;重要值较大的物种,其生态位宽度一般较大,但两者排名顺序并不完全一致.乔木层主要种群生态位相似性普遍小于灌木层,平均值分别为0.151和0.236,主要种群间的生态位相似性较小,各种群对资源利用的相似程度不高;乔木层主要种群生态位重叠普遍小于灌木层,它们的平均值分别为0.217和0.273,主要种群间的生态位重叠程度较低;生态位宽度与生态位相似性之间无显著相关关系,生态位宽度大的物种与其他物种发生重叠的概率更大,但生态位重叠值不一定大,生态位相似性大的物种,其生态位重叠值一般较大.漓江河岸带枫杨群落属于地带性顶极群落,种间关系相对稳定,种群更新缓慢,在发展中有衰退趋势.     

玫瑰花的化学成分研究(英文)

从玫瑰花中分离了7个化合物,通过波谱法和理化性质分别鉴定为没食子酸(1)、咖啡酸(2)、木犀草素(3)、槲皮素(4)、乔松素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)、槲皮素-4’-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)、刺槐苷(7)。化合物2、3、5、6、7为首次从该植物中分得。     

木薯两性花及其种子的形态特征

以前期发明的一种木薯(Manihot esculenta)调控开花技术为基础, 成功研发出木薯两性花诱导技术, 并发现诱导出的木薯两性花能自花授粉结实。该文报道了木薯两性花、两性花自花授粉发育的蒴果及其种子的形态特征。木薯两性花同时具有雌蕊和雄蕊, 而单性花只具有雌蕊或雄蕊; 两性花蒴果卵圆形且长宽比大, 单性花蒴果阔椭圆形且长宽比小; 两性花种子种脊不隆起, 单性花种子种脊隆起明显。两性花和两性花种子是珍贵的木薯育种材料, 对揭示木薯的遗传特性及培育木薯新种质具有重要意义。     

洋紫荆(Bauhinia variegata L.)花的化学成分研究

民间用药洋紫荆(Bauhinia variegata L.)为豆科羊蹄甲属植物,广泛分布于我国南部省份。基于前人的研究,并未发现对洋紫荆花化学成分研究的相关报道,本文以采自云南德宏地区的洋紫荆(B.variegata)花为研究对象,运用各种柱色谱分离手段,从其乙酸乙酯部分中分离得到了8个化合物,经核磁共振波谱及质谱解析,分别鉴定为Isoliquiritigenin(1)、Naringenin(2)、Kaempferol(3)、Kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4)、Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5)、Caffeic acid(6)、(-)-Catechin(7)及Kaempferol-3-O-L-rhamnopyranoside(8)。化合物1和4为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

Shifts in potential geographical distribution of Pterocarya stenoptera under climate change scenarios in China

Climate change poses a serious threat to biodiversity. Predicting the effects of climate change on the distribution of a species' habitat can help humans address the potential threats which may change the scope and distribution of species. Pterocarya stenoptera is a common fast‐growing tree species often used in the ecological restoration of riverbanks and alpine forests in central and eastern China. Until now, the characteristics of the distribution of this species' habitat are poorly known as are the environmental factors that influence its preferred habitat. In the present study, the Maximum Entropy Modeling (Maxent) algorithm and the Genetic Algorithm for Ruleset Production (GARP) were used to establish the models for the potential distribution of this species by selecting 236 sites with known occurrences and 14 environmental variables. The results indicate that both models have good predictive power. Minimum temperature of coldest month (Bio6), mean temperature of warmest quarter (Bio10), annual precipitation (Bio12), and precipitation of driest month (Bio14) were important environmental variables influencing the prediction of the Maxent model. According to the models, the temperate and subtropical regions of eastern China had high environmental suitability for this species, where the species had been recorded. Under each climate change scenario, climatic suitability of the existing range of this species increased, and its climatic niche expanded geographically to the north and higher elevation. GARP predicted a more conservative expansion. The projected spatial and temporal patterns of P. stenoptera can provide reference for the development of forest management and protection strategies.