Diterpene quinone of Salvia Linn. and their taxonomic significance

Abstract We have analysed diterpene quinone constituents of 79 species (containing variety and form) in the genus Salvia by different chemical methods, and found that 38 species of them contain diterpene quinone on this ground, as well as its morphologic, histological structure of root and geographical distribution, we come to a conclusion as follows: l. According to literatural and our analytical date, so far the diterpene quinone have mainly been found in the Labiatae plants that possess the fertile stamen 2 versatile namely in Salvia Linn., upon which a new subfamily Salvioideae is preliminarily proposed here. 2. Deterpene quinone, as a chemotaxonomic charater, is of phylogenetic significance and can be used for identifying the spicies of the genus. 3. A further rearrangement of some species of some series and sections in attribu-tion is needed.     

两种红树叶的几种酶的生理特性与海滩盐度的相关性初探

本文是福建九龙江口红树林研究的一部分,主要讨论两种红树植物(秋茄,桐花树)叶片中的几种酶对海滩盐度(3—12‰范围内)变化的反应,测定结果如下：1,桐花树叶片过氧化物酶同工酶和细胞色素氧化酶同工酶的含量对土壤盐度变化的反应表明：土壤盐度(3—12‰)提高,过氧化物酶和细胞色素氧化酶同工酶的谱带加深、加宽,而且谱带中出现新酶带。 2．当海滩盐度提高时,桐花树叶片的过氧化物酶的活性提高,秋茄叶片的乙醇酸氧化酶的活性减弱。 3．两种红树植物叶绿素含量与土壤盐度相关性显示出：当土壤盐度在3—8‰范围时,叶绿素含量变化不大;8—10‰时有一个高峰,大于10‰时又下降。可能红树植物对海滩盐度适应有一个临界值。     

A simple method for determining the relative activities of individual peroxidase isozymes in a tissue extract

A peroxidase specific zymogram staining procedure has been designed which not only locates peroxidase isozymes which have been resolved electrophoretically, but simultaneously estimates the relative activity of each peroxidase isozyme in the system under study. This quantitative assay of individual peroxidase isozymes is chronometric; the time required for the appearance of a peroxidase band is inversely proportional to its activity. By recording the time required for the appearance of each peroxidase isozyme in a tissue extract, the percent contribution each isozyme makes toward the total peroxidatic activity of that tissue can readily be determined.     

Analysis on Peroxidase Isozymes of Waxy Maize from South China

In this experiment, we have tried to make a comparison of analytical peroxidase isozyme of waxy maize from South China, using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic method. 70 cultivars (lines) of the waxy maize and other materials were examined. The main results were summarized as follows. 1. Eighteen of the nineteen waxy maize cultivars from the original region of "Menghai four-row Wax" showed the fifth band of peroxidase isozyme, and one showed mixed band having fourth and fifth band. 2 Among 15 tested waxy maize cultivars from Yunnan Sheng, eleven of them showed the fifth band of peroxidase isozyme, two showed the fourth band and two showed the mixed band. 3. Seventeen of the nineteen waxy maize cultivars from Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhi- qu showed the fifth band and two showed the mixed band of peroxidase isozyme. Accordingly, conclusion might be drawn that the most (86.8%) of waxy maize cultivars from South China showed the fifth band of peroxidase isozymc. That is similar to Coix which is originated from China. On the contrary, the dent maize from America showed the fourth band. The experimental results further demonstrated that Chinese waxy maize (Zea mays ) might be originated in South China. China is not only one of maize secondary origin centre, but also might be one of primery origin centre of maize.     

菊花不同生长阶段不同器官POD和EST同工酶比较

采用过氧化物酶(POD)、酯酶(EST)2个酶系统的12个同工酶位点,分析了4个菊花品种营养生长和生殖生长阶段不同器官(嫩叶、老叶、嫩茎、木质化茎)的同工酶变化.结果表明:(1)4个品种共有16种POD酶带,15种EST酶带;(2)菊花的POD和EST具有组织特异性和阶段特异性,其中以嫩叶的酶带最多,其次为老叶,再次为嫩茎,而木质化茎的酶带最少;(3)与生殖生长阶段相比,营养生长阶段的POD酶带更清晰,更整齐,分离更好,但生殖生长阶段的EST同工酶比营养生长阶段的更清晰;(4)营养生长阶段的嫩叶最适合用于菊花POD同工酶分析,而EST同工酶研究宜取生殖生长时期的嫩叶.     

7个品种变叶木过氧化物酶同工酶分析

本试验对7个品种变叶木的形态特征进行比较,并利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,对各品种过氧化物酶同工酶进行分析。结果表明,各品种的过氧化物酶同工酶谱不一;7个品种变叶木共有14条谱带,2号谱带最多为11条,5号谱带最少为6条;其谱带分为3个区(A=0~0.18,B=0.18~0.35,C=0.35~0.5);并对7个品种的亲缘关系进行聚类分析。     

The Role of Peroxidase and Polyphenol Oxidase Isozymes in Wheat Resistance to Alternaria triticina

Polyphenol oxidase activity was higher in resistant wheat cultivar ACC-8226 than in susceptible cultivar MP-845 in control sets and after inoculation of Alternaria triticina. However, similar polyphenol oxidase isozyme pattern was found in control and inoculated sets of both the cultivars, but the band intensity was higher after inoculation. Three and four peroxidase isozymes were found in ACC-8226 and MP-845, respectively. An extra peroxidase isozyme band was observed in both the cultivars after inoculation. The results suggest an active role of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in defence mechanism of wheat plants.     

Purification, cloning and characterization of a novel peroxidase isozyme from sweetpotatoes (Ipomoea batatas)

An anionic peroxidase from sweetpotato tubers is purified and characterized. The isozyme ibPrx15 is purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography using a concanavalin A column. The isoelectric point was determined to pI 4.9. MALDI-MS detected a singly charged molecule with a mass of 42029 Da. Absorption spectra of ibPrx15 compounds I, II and III were obtained after treatment with H(2)O(2) at room temperature. Comparative data of ibPrx15 on substrate specificity to tobacco anionic peroxidase (TOP) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reveal similar specific activity towards a series of conventional substrates except for iodide, which is a two-electron donor interacting directly with the compound I derivative in the catalytic cycle. ibPrx15 exhibits a high specific activity towards iodide about 10(3)-fold to that of tobacco peroxidase. The amino acid sequence of the main isozyme ibPrx15 was determined by Edman degradation and by sequencing the amplified cDNA fragments. ibPrx15 has 86% identity to another Ipomoea sequence ibPrx05 and 72% identity with a sequence from Populus trichocarpa (PtPrx72).     

杉木不同无性系过氧化物酶同工酶的研究

本文对杉木（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｌｏａｔａ（Ｌａｍｂ．）Ｈｏｏｋ．）不同无性系及其不同株龄的叶和不同发育时期的雄球花进行了过氧化物酶同工酶检测。结果表明：杉木４１４号无性系叶和雄球花的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱与其它无性系都具明显差异;同－无性系叶与雄球花的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱存在显著差异;不同发育时期的雄球花的过氧化物酶同工酶存在顺序表达。作者认为：过氧化物酶同工酶作为种内分类的鉴定性状较为合适,而科、属、种的分类依据则应更侧重于形态特征。根据杉木４１４号无性系的过氧化物酶同工酶的特异性及其短叶、叶端钝圆和多雄花等特点,可以把它定为杉科杉属杉木物种的一个变型：多雄花杉木。     

Studies on the Molecular Weights of Esterase and Peroxidase Isozymes of Maize

The molecular weights of esterase and peroxidase isozymes of maize seedlings were directly determined by improved polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. The different isozyme bands developed in polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis (uniform gel) were identified in polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis by means of isozyme variants. The molecular weights of esterase isozymes E1, E2, E3F, E3S, a, b, c, named according to isozyme patterns in uniform gel, are <20000, 35200, 33000, 38500, 29900, 28500, 34000 doltons respectively. The molecular weights of peroxidase isozymes PX4F and PX4S are 131000 and 149000 doltons respectively. According to the band location in uniform gel and in gradient gel, some biochemical properties of the isozyme bands and relationships between the isozyme bands were analyzed. The possible errors in the determination of smaller molecular weight isozymes are discussed.     

番茄属(Lycopersicon)四个种的过氧化物酶同工酶分析

本文报告了应用连续浓度梯度聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对番茄属Lyco-persicon的四个种:秘鲁番茄L.peruviaunm Mill.,多毛番茄L.hirsutum Humb.et Bonp,醋栗番茄L.pimpinellifolium(Jusl)Mill和普通番茄L.esculentum Mill.的86份材料,15个不同生育时期,不同器官以及同一器官的不同部位的过氧化物酶同工酶的分析结果。结果表明:L.Peruvianum的各个生育期和不同器官的过氧化物酶同工酶谱带叠加共有28条带,L.hirsutum有29条带,L.pimpinellifolium有28条带,L.esculentum有27条带。种间过氧化物酶同工酶谱型差异明显,种内不同生育期叠加总酶谱基本一致。在根、茎和叶中,这四个种的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱和活性具有相似的生育期变化规律和器官分布规律.在果实发育过程中,种间过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱、活性及变化律规都不相同。本文还就同工酶谱型相似值的意义,野生资源及同工酶分析技术在番茄育种中的应用等问题进行了讨论。     

罗汉果雌雄株同工酶性别鉴定研究

采用电泳技术结合同工酶染色,分析了罗汉果雌雄株叶片的过氧化物酶同工酶、酯酶同工酶、超氧化物歧化酶同工酶、多酚氧化酶同工酶和过氧化氢酶同工酶。结果表明:罗汉果雌雄叶片在同工酶谱上,存在着与性别性状相关的酶带;雌雄间的差异酶带在每一种同工酶中均有一条以上,可作为罗汉果雌雄株间的性别鉴定。此外,还比较了高产、低产、不结果雌株之间同工酶的酶带和活性差别。     

Peroxidase-mediated in vitro metabolism of diethylstilbestrol and structural analogs with different biological activities

The comparative peroxidative metabolism of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and structurally related compounds of different biological activity was investigated in vitro with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a model peroxidase system: UV spectroscopy revealed the formation of p-quinone intermediates in HRP-H2O2 catalyzed incubations of DES, 3',3",5',5"-tetrafluoro-DES (TF-DES) and dimethylstilbestrol (DMS) and the tautomerization of the quinones to their dien compounds, Z,Z-dienestrol (Z,Z-DIES), tetrafluoro-dienestrol (TF-DIES) and dienmestrol (DIMS) respectively, which were characterized by HPLC and GC/MS. Z,Z-DIES, E,E-DIES, TF-DIES and DIMS were subject to further peroxidative metabolism; however, quinone intermediates were not formed in the HRP-H2O2 containing incubations according to UV spectroscopy. Similarly, hexestrol (HES), 4'-O-methyl-DES (M-DES) and 4',4"-O-dimethyl-DES (DM-DES) did not form quinone intermediates; moreover, they showed little or no apparent metabolic conversion under conditions where DES, TF-DES and DMS were readily peroxidized. However, at a 20-fold higher peroxidase concentration HES and M-DES showed metabolic conversion whereas DM-DES did not.     

赖草属七个种同工酶研究

用聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳法对赖草属７个种的幼根、幼叶进行了酯酶、过氧化物酶同工酶分析,结果表明：无论从相同器官进行不同的同工酶分析,还是从不同器官进行相同的同工酶分析,这７个种的酶谱在各带区存在相似酶带,但更多的是相异酶带。从酯酶、过氧化物酶这两种酶分析结果来看,酯酶比过氧化物酶分离效果好些;从幼根和幼叶这两个器官的酶谱来看,幼根比幼叶酶带多些,分离效果也好些。同时也表明这７个种的酶谱变化与染色体倍性变化无关     

荞麦属种质资源发芽种子过氧化物酶同工酶研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对荞麦属9个种(含大粒组8个和小粒组1个)32个收集系栽培及野生荞麦种子的过氧化物酶同工酶进行了研究。结果表明:过氧化物酶同工酶酶带23条,不同物种的酶带数4到8条。其中,甜荞有7条带,而苦荞为4条。酶带分析及聚类分析表明:大粒组荞麦种的谱带与F.gracilipes等小粒组荞麦种间差异极大,甜荞和苦荞酶带分别与F.megaspartanium和F.pilus相似,并分别与F.megas-partanium和F.pilus聚类最近,支持F.megaspartanium和F.pilus可能分别是甜荞和苦荞祖先种的假说。     

玉米酯酶同工酶和过氧化物酶同工酶的分子量研究

本试验利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶梯度电泳分步染色法直接对玉米苗期酯酶同工酶和过氧化物酶同工酶各酶带的分子量进行了比较测定。酯酶同工酶 E_1、E_2、E_3~F、E_3~S、a、b、c 各酶带的分子量分别为<20000,35200、33000、38500、29900、28500、34000道尔顿过氧化物酶同工酶 PX_4~F和 PX_4~S酶带的分子量分别为131000和149000道尔顿。根据酶带在均匀胶和梯度胶中的位置变化对各酶带的生化性质作了初步分析,发现 E_3~F和 E_3~S、PX_4~F 和 PX_4~S 在迁移率上的差异主要是分子量的差异。本文为同工酶的分子量测定提供了一个简便的方法。     

POD同工酶在酸枣、枣分类中的应用

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）技术,对来自不同产地的８３个酸枣类型（品种）,及３６个枣品种的叶片过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）同工酶扫描数据,进行了主因子分析和聚类分析研究。结果表明,运用距离系统的类平均法（ＵＰＧＭＡ）可将全部试材划分为六大类群和３个特殊型,且聚类结果与地理位置直接相关。此外,依同工酶带的有无,可将全部供试枣品种叶片ＰＯＤ同工酶合并为５种谱型,全部酸枣类型（品种）合并为２２种谱型。大马     

Multiple molecular forms of serum α1-antitrypsin

Total soluble proteins, peroxidase, and peroxidase isozymes were examined in polyploid series of fern gametophytes and sporophytes. A distinctive pattern of protein bands was associated with gametophytes and sporophytes and the pattern did not vary within each phenotype with increases in the genome. Peroxidase activity per cell increased in direct proportion to increases in the genome and was determined to be gene dosage related. Slight differences in the patterns of peroxidase isozyme bands were associated with increases in the chromosome complement in both series of plants, but major variations were found between gametophyte and sporophyte. Quantitative analysis of peroxidase activity in each band revealed both increases and decreases in individual isozymes as ploidy increased. These findings suggest the involvement of regulatory mechanisms controlling isozyme activity.     

Ethylene Production,Peroxidase Activity and the Change of Peroxidase Isozyme during the Ripening of Tomato Fruits

Climacteric rise, ethylene production, peroxidase activity and its isozyme and their interrelationships during the ripening of tomato fruits have been studied. It was found' that there was parallelism between ethylene production and climacteric rise. The climacteric rise of tomato fruits was hastened by ethylene applied at the mature green stage. The ethylene production was inhibited by low oxygen and high carbon dioxide partial pressure. The peroxidase activity in the tomato fruits appeared to be different at three stages, higher in the half red fruits and lower in both green mature and fully red fruits. This activity was increased by ethylene and decreased by lower partial pres- sure of oxygen. The peroxidase isozymes sppeared also different at different stages of ripening. There were 4 bands in young fruits, 3 in green mature fruits, 5 in half red fruits and 3 in fully red fruits. After the application of ethylene to the tomato fruits, there appear one new band of peroxidase isozyme.     

兔血清中过氧化物酶同工酶在兔分类中的研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法（PAGE）对中国白兔、新西兰兔、獭兔血清中的过氧化物酶同工酶进行研究。研究结果表明：这三种兔在血清中的过氧化物酶有着明显的区别,可以利用过氧化物酶的区别对兔种进行分类鉴定。本方法可为过氧化物酶同工酶在动物分类鉴定中提供参考依据。