甜椒花药绒毡层的二型性及其组织化学研究

在甜椒（Capsicum annuum L.)中,靠近花粉中部的绒毡层自药隔产生,由较大的细胞组成,而花药外部区域的其余的绒毡层细胞较小,来自于初生壁层,前者的细胞具有大液泡和较大的细胞核,甲基绿－派罗宁和汞－溴酚蓝染色反应较后者弱,在造孢组织时期,二者液泡内都含有较大的球形的酸性磷酸酶颗粒,在以后的发育中,这种颗粒消失,在减数分裂时期,两种绒毡层的DNA,RNA和蛋白质合成活动增强,来自药隔的绒毡层积累了更多的DNA,绒毡层在解体时酸性磷本酶活性很高,两种不同的绒毡层退化过程相似,在全部发育过程中绒毡层内无淀粉粒。     

4种(变种)辣椒的核型研究

本文研究了辣椒属4种(变种)的核型,各个种的核型可简式为小米辣2n=24=23m+1sm:簇生辣2n=24=20m+2sm+2st:樱桃辣2n=24=20m+4sm(2SAT):“印度辣”2n=24=22m+2st。按照Stebbins的核型分类,小米辣为2A型;簇生辣和樱桃辣为2A型,印度辣为2B型。     

Structure Determination of Fatty Acids from Tunicamycin Complex

The structures of ten fatty acids, which were obtained by the hydrolysis of tunicamycin complex, were determined. GLC-mass, ¹H NMR and IR spectra showed that the major acids were trans-α, β-unsaturated iso acids with the formula C₁₄H₂₈O₂, C₁₆H₂₈O₂, C₁₆H₃₀O₂ and C₁₇H₃₂O₂. The minor acids were α, β-unsaturated normal acids and saturated normal and iso acids.     

自控玻璃温室环境气象条件对甜椒叶龄和果实生长的影响

根据在自控玻璃温室内甜椒试验资料和同期的环境气象资料 ,运用数理统计分析方法 ,建立了甜椒叶龄模式、果实生长和果重模式。叶龄生长符合植物生长模型 ,影响叶龄生长的主要环境气象因子在打顶前是日平均气温 13～ 2 2℃的有效积温 ,打顶后是日平均气温 13～2 5℃的有效积温。影响甜椒果实膨大的主要环境气象因子是座果后的日平均气温 16～ 2 3℃的有效积温、日照、温度日较差和CO2 浓度 ,甜椒果实膨大与环境气象因子间的关系呈对数形式。果实生长期的长短与日平均气温 14～ 2 3℃的有效积温、日照、温度日较差和CO2 浓度有关。果实的重量与日平均气温 14～ 2 3℃的有效积温、温度日较差和CO2 浓度有关。开花前 2d至开花后 3d的日平均光照小于 1 5× 10 41x ,开花后 3～ 12d日较差小于 6 5℃ ,开花前 18d至开花后 3d日平均相对湿度大于 82 %时阴果明显增多     

辣椒素的荧光分析方法研究

荧光分光光度法可用于辣椒及高纯度辣椒素样品中辣椒素的定量分析。在Ex为278 nm,Em为312 nm荧光条件下,辣椒素在0.58-5.8μg/mL浓度范围内其浓度C(μg/mL)与荧光强度I具有良好线性关系,回归方程c=1.0377×10-3I-0.3667,R=0.9994,精密度RSD=0.08%(n=5)。平均回收率95.39%。     

聚乙二醇、赤霉素、磷酸氢二钾和低温处理种子后的甜椒幼苗生长

聚乙二醇(PEG)、KH2PO4、赤霉素(GA3)和低温处理可以不同程度上提高甜椒二叶一心、四叶一心和六叶一心期的壮苗指数、根系活力、根系吸收面积和叶绿素含量,改善甜椒幼苗的生长;甜椒壮苗指数、根系活力和根系活跃吸收面积与种子活力指数相关性显著,种子活力指数与甜椒苗龄的相关性大小依次为:二叶一心＞六叶一心＞四叶一心期.     

紫苏、白苏的抑菌实验

用不同溶剂浸泡或处理紫苏后,进行抑菌实验,结果表明：１０％以上浓度的紫苏水浸液,１２．５％水煎液和乙醇提取液对白色念球菌、新型隐球菌以及红色毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子癣菌、絮状表皮癣菌有较好的抑菌效果。紫苏、皱紫共、白苏对真菌均有抑菌作用,但皱紫苏对绿脓杆菌、白苏对克柔氏念球菌、白色念球菌以及绿脓杆菌效果更为明显。     

大麦核质互作型雄性不育系花粉败育过程的细胞学研究(简报)

雄性不育系在作物的杂种优势利用中具有重要的价值。研究其花粉败育过程有利于了解败育机理,并为化学杀雄和化学保雄提供理论     

Localization of ubiquitin in anthers and pistils of Nicotiana

Ubiquitin-conjugated compounds were localized in anthers and pistils of Nicotiana alata by immuno-cytochemistry. In young anthers, antibodies to ubiquitin bound to callose cell walls surrounding pollen mother cells and to organelles in the endothecium. At the freespore stage, antibodies bound to circular-cell cluster cells subtending the stomium and to organelles and cell walls of endothecial cells. Near anther dehiscence, locular material was labeled. In pistils, cell walls of stylar transmitting tissue were labeled in a beaded pattern. Antibodies bound to a thin layer surrounding ovules, to the lining of embryo sacs, to cytoplasm of eggs and synergids, and to starch grains in central cells. Sites of localization were tissue- and time-specific, suggesting a regulatory role for ubiquitin in development of reproductive structures in flowering plants.     

The PELPIII glycoproteins in Solanaceae: stylar expression and transfer into pollen tube walls

The class III pistil-specific extensin-like proteins (PELPIII) of Nicotiana tabacum accumulate in the intercellular matrix (IM) of the style transmitting tissue (TT). After pollination, the 110–140 kDa PELPIII is translocated from the IM into the pollen tube walls. PELPIII-like sequences have been found in several solanaceous species. These sequences are expressed in mature non-pollinated styles at both RNA and protein level. Of the genus Nicotiana, the species N. alata, N. x sanderae and N. sylvestris (section Alatae), and N. tomentosiformis and N. otophora (section Tomentosae) showed an expression level of PELPIII homologues similar to that in mature styles of N. tabacum. PELPIII genes were absent in the most ancient species studied, namely N. trigonophylla (section Trigonophyllae). To study the species dependence of the translocation of PELPIII into the pollen tube wall in tobacco, interspecific pollinations on N. tabacum pistils were carried out with pollen from the incongruous species N. rustica, N. trigonophylla and Petunia hybrida, where PELPIII homologues are absent in the style. Immunocytological tests showed that the N. tabacum PELPIII is translocated into the pollen tube walls of all three species. Thus, the pollen tube walls of these species do not form a barrier for IM compounds such as the 110–140 kDa PELPIII and the absence of any possible effect of PELPIII on pollen tube growth cannot be due to failure of PELPIII transport through the wall. The importance of these findings is discussed with respect to the evolutionary origin of PELPIII, the pollen pistil interaction, the function of style TT-specific proteins and the physical properties of pollen tube walls.     

辣椒资源及其加工利用

综述了辣椒的起源、传播、栽培种分类、生产和加工利用的概况,介绍了辣椒的化学组成、辣椒红色素和辣椒碱的药理作用及其开发利用价值。     

荷兰鸢尾(Iris xiphium L. var. hybridum)的组织培养

取荷兰鸢尾（ＩｒｉｓｘｉｐｈｉｕｍＬ．ｖａｒ．ｈｙｂｒｉｄｕｍ）鳞茎片不同部位外植体块,接种于附加不同激素配比的基本培养基上,其中取自鳞茎片基部外植体块２ｍｍ×２ｍｍ×２ｍｍ,培养基为ＭＳ＋ＢＡ１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ的不定芽诱导率为最高（７０％）;最理想的增殖培养基为ＭＳ＋ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ。不定芽直径４～５ｍｍ,培养基为ＭＳ＋ＢＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ有利于不定根的发生,诱导生根率达８３３％。试管苗不经练苗可直接出瓶,移栽于泥炭∶田土∶河沙＝１∶１∶１（Ｖ／Ｖ）的基质中。     

花粉管微丝骨架的研究

用PHEM缓冲液对萌发花粉进行吸胀处理,经0.15%Tritonx-100提取,0.2%考马斯亮兰R250染色后,在光学显微镜下观察到具有蛋白质性质的骨架结构。对从花粉管吸胀出的凝胶状物质进行临界点干燥,电子显微镜扫描??结果表明,花粉管原生质中镶嵌着大量相互交错的丝状物质。兔肌重酶解肌球蛋白标记结果证明,这些丝状物质主要为F-肌动蛋白,其直径为5—7nm,半螺距为370A。本实验结果表明,花粉管原生质中存在着大量微丝骨架结构,这些微丝骨架是由F-肌动蛋白组成的。     

小毛茛雌蕊群的授粉率及花粉管生长途径

为探讨毛茛属中是否具有与慈姑属中类似的花粉管再分配现象,对小毛茛开花后不同时期柱头的授粉率和花粉量进行了统计,并采用荧光显微术观察了其花粉在雌蕊群中的萌发及花粉管生长过程。该种的每朵花中含有39.2±9.9个离生心皮,开花过程常持续4~6d,开花2d后,柱头授粉率就可达到100%,平均每柱头的花粉量在3d后达到17.0±2.4粒。虽然开花的当天即有少数柱头落置有花粉粒,但花粉萌发常自开花的次日开始。花粉管先沿各雌蕊之向心一侧的组织中穿行至子房基部后部分花粉管转向胚珠,由珠孔进入珠心。从花粉粒落置于柱头到花粉管进入珠心大约需要24h。尽管毛茛属有着与慈姑属类似的多心皮雌蕊群,但大量的荧光显微观察表明,与慈姑属植物中不同的是,小毛茛的花粉管生长均局限于每一雌蕊中而不能穿过子房向其他雌蕊生长。雌蕊群的比较解剖发现野慈姑的子房基部有一条通向花托表面的孔道,这正是花粉管由一个雌蕊到另一个雌蕊的通路,但小毛茛的子房基部不存在此孔道。     

Structural studies of pollen tube growth in the pistil ofStrelitzia reginae

Summary For this work we have used various microscopical methods (LM, SEM, and TEM) to study pollen tube growth and interaction with the transmitting tisse inStrelitzia reginae, which has an open style. By the use of SEM it was possible to trace the exact route of the pollen tubes in the ovary of this plant and demonstrate that they exclusively follow the outlines of the transmitting tissue. The average rate of pollen tube growth through the style was 1.8 mm h^–1. The most significant effect of the pollination was a thickening of the distal wall of the subepithelial cells in the style. A secretion covers the stigma and the ovarian transmitting tissue and fills the stylar canal. This exudate contains lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins.     

烟草雌蕊的花粉管生长途径中几种植物激素的免疫金电镜观察

用免疫金电镜法观察了大叶国花柱、珠孔及助细胞内玉米素（ｔ－Ｚ）、吲哚乙酸（ＩＡＡ）、赤霉素（ＧＡ７一ＧＡ４）和脱落酸〖（＋）ＡＢＡ〗的分布。刚授粉地的花柱引导组织细胞内与胞间基质中ｔ－Ｚ较多、ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ７／４、（＋）ＡＢＡ较少;授粉后２４ｈ（此时花粉管已穿过花柱中部）,该部位ｔ－Ｚ显著减少,ＩＡＡ略增加,ＧＡ７／４显著增加,而（＋）ＡＢＡ仍较少。授粉后２４ｈ,花柱中段薄壁组织细胞与胞间基质中ＩＡ