湖北玉兰属两新种

描述了木兰科玉兰属两新种,湖北玉兰(Yulania verrucata D.L.Fu,T.B.Zhao et S.S.Chen,sp.nov.)和楔叶玉兰(Y.cuneatofolia T.B.Chao,Z.X.Chen et D.L.Fu,sp.nov.)。湖北玉兰的独特特征是:枝、叶背面、叶柄、托叶、花梗和果梗均无毛;幼枝皮孔疣状突起,棕色,狭长椭圆体形。楔叶玉兰的独特特征是:叶楔形;花被片皱曲。     

A Study on the Genus Gynostemma Bl. (Cucurbitaceae) from China

The genus Gynostemma B1. consists of 13 species and 2 varieties in the whole world, among which 11 species and 2 varieties occur in China. They are distributed in S. Shaanxi and the southern part of the Yangtze River (including Taiwan province) in China and also in Korea, Japan, Sri Lanka, India and Malesia. Based on the characters and dehiscence of fruit, the genus Gynostemma B1. may be divided into two subgenera, i.e. Subgen. I. Gynostemma and Subgen. II. Trirostllum (Z. P. Wang et Q. Z. Xie) C. Y. Wu ct S. K. Chen, comb. nov. 1. Subgenus Gynostemma. The fruits are baccate, globose, 3-umbonate and incorni culate on the apical side, indehiscent when mature. The style apex in female flower is bifid. Type of subgenus: Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Mak. This subgenus contains 8 species and 2 varieties in the world, among which 6 species and 2 varieties occur in China, i.e.1.G. simplicifolium B1. (Yunnan, Hainan of Guangdong); 2. G. laxum (Wall.) Cogn. (S. Yunnan, Hainan of Guangdong and Guangxi); 3. G. burmanicum King ex Chakr. (Yunnan), 3a. G. burmanicum var. molle C. Y. Wu (Yunnan); 4. G. pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Mak. (S. Shaanxi and the soutern area of the Yangtze River of China), 4a. G. pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Mak. var. dasycarpum C. V. Wu (Yunnan); 5. G. pubescens (Gagnep.) C. Y. Wu, st. nov. (Yunnan); 6. G. longipes C. Y. Wu, sp. nov. (endemic to China: Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Shaanxi and Guangxi). 2. Subgenus Trirostellum (Z. P. Wang et Q. Z. Xie) C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen, comb. nov.——Trirostellum Z. P. Wang et Q. Z. Xie in Acta Phytotaxonomia Sinica 19 (4): 483. 1981, syn. nov. The fruit are capsules, subcampanulate, 3-corniculate on the apical side, dehiscent when mature. The style apex in female flower is luniform and irregularly denticulate at margin, rarely bifid. Type of subgenus: Gynostemma cardiospermum Cogn. ex Oliv. This subgenus comprises 5 species, which are all endemic to China. 1. G. yixingense (Z. P. Wang et Q. Z. Xie) C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen (Jiangsu and Zhejiang); 2. G. cardio spermum Cogn. ex Oliv. (Hubei, Shaanxi and Sichuan); 3. G. microspermum C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen (S. Yunnan); 4. G. aggregatum C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen (NW. Yunnan); 5. G.laxiflorum C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen (Anhui).     

中国玉兰属两新种

描述了中国木兰科玉兰属两新种,奇叶玉兰(Yulania mirifolia D.L.Fu,T B Zhao etZ.X.Chen,sp.nov.)和青皮玉兰(Yulania viridula D.L.Fu,T B Zhao et G.H.Tian,sp.nov.)的形态特征和分布情况,并与近缘种进行了比较。     

荩草属的新分类等级

本文报导荩草属Arthraxon Beauv.中4新组,4新种,2新变种,即小叶荩草组Sect.Microarthraxon S.L.Chen et Y.X.Jin,三蕊荩草组Sect.Triandroarthraxon S.L.Chen et Y.X.Jin,无篦齿组Sect.Monostrichi S.L.Chen et Y.X.Jin,篦齿组Sect.Tristrichi S.L.Chenet Y.X.Jin,多脉荩草A.multinervus S.L.Chen et Y.X.Jin,茅坪荩草A.maopingensis S.L.Chen et Y.X.Jin,贵州荩草A.guizhouensisS.L.Chen et Y.X.Jin,西南荩草A.xinanensis S.L.Chen et Y.X.Jin,疏序荩草A.xinanensis var.laxiflorus S.L.Chen et Y.X.Jin及光轴荩草A.lanceolatus var.glabrous S.L.Chen et Y.X.Jin.     

中国清风藤属Sabia Colebr.(清风藤科)的订正

归并了清风藤属5个名称,Sabia campanulata Wall.ex Roxb.var,kingiana Nayar et Majumder处理为S.campanulata Wall.ex Roxb。的异名,S.metcalfiana L.Chen处理为S.leptandra Hook.f.et Thoms.的异名,S.longruiensis X.X.Chen et D.R,Ling和S.swinhoei Hemsl.ex Forbes et Hemsl.ex FOrb.et Hemsl。的异名,S.nervosa Chun ex Y.F.Wu处理为S.coriacea Rehd.et Wils.的异名,订正了缅甸清风藤S.burmania L.chen在中国有分布的错误报道。     

ORDOVICIAN NAUTILOID FAUNA FROM LUNSHAN, JURONG, JIANGSU

The fossil nautiloids described in this paper were collected in 1984 and 1985 from Lunshan, Jurong in Jiangsu; there the Ordovician strata are well developed and may be divided in descending order into seven formations as follows:Upper Ordovician: Wufeng Formation Tangtou FormationMiddle Ordovician Pagoda Formation Lower OrdovicianKuniutan FormationDawan FormationHunghuayuan FormationLunshan FormationThese nautiloids comprise 36 species belonging to 13 genera (including one new genus and 11 new species), namely,Middle OrdovicianPagoda FormationSinoceras chinense (Foord), Michelinoceras changjiangense Chen, densn (Y), M. paraelongatum Chang.Lower OrdovicianKuniutan FormationRhynchorthoceras jurongense sp. nov., R. lunshanense sp. nov., Dideroceras wahlenbergi (Foord), D. holmi Flower, Michlinoceras irregulare sp. nov., Kotoceras gaoluncunense sp. nov.Dawan Formation.Cochlioceras yantzeense Chang, Chisiloceras ichangense Wang, C. yaoshanense Qi, C. changyangense (Chang), Protocycloceras deprati Reed, P. hupehcnse (Shimizu and Obata), P. sichuanense Wang, P. remotum Lai, P. gangshanense sp. nov., P. siphosedimentum Pan, P. chaoi sp. nov., P.shishantouense sp. nov., P. gaojiabianense sp. nov., Changyangoceras gaojiabianense sp. nov., Gangshanoceras jurongense gen. et sp. nov., G. densum gen. et sp. nov., Michelinoceras cf. dayongense Lai, Troedssonella lunshanensis sp. nov., Mesosendoceras leei (Y), Vaginoceras peiyangense malukonense Chen, Dideroceras mui (Chang), D. gaoluncunense sp. nov.     

中国冬青属一些种的确认

ＩｎｔｈｅｃｏｕｒｓｅｏｆｐｒｅｐａｒｉｎｇａｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＡｑｕｉｆｏｌｉａｃｅａｅｆｏｒＦｌｏｒａＲｅｉｐｕｂｌｉｃａｅＰｏｐｕｌａｒｉｓＳｉｎｉｃａｅ,ｗｅｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔｖａｌｉｄｐｕｂｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｉｇｈｔｎａｍｅ...     

Validation of some Chinese species of Ilex L. (Aquifoliaceae)

Eight species, Ilex ficifolia C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng, I. huiana C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng, I. hirsuta C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng, I. zhejiangensis C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng, I. wugongshanensis C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng, I. robustinervosa C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng, I. syzygiophylla C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng and I. verisimilis Chun ex C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng, are valid- ly published here by the designation of holotypes.     

中国及周边国家的伏绕眼果蝇属叶芒绕眼果蝇复合种组研究(双翅目,果蝇科)

叶芒伏绕眼果蝇复合种组是Tsacas and Okada,1983建立的,已报告有6种,均出自于东洋区.记述了采自于中国及周边国家的伏绕眼果蝇属叶芒伏绕眼果蝇复合种组的10个种,并附有分种检索表.端尖叶芒伏绕眼果蝇Phortica foliacea(Tsacas et Okada,1983);叶芒伏绕眼果蝇Phortica foliiseta Duda,1923;侦测伏绕眼果蝇Phortica speculum(Máca et Lin,1993);异叶芒伏绕眼果蝇Phortica afoliolata Chen etToda,sp.nov.;短毛伏绕眼果蝇Phrtica brachychaeta Chen etToda,sP.nov.;拟叶芒伏绕眼果蝇Phortica foliisetoides Chenet Toda,sp.nov.;缺毛伏绕眼果蝇Phortica glabra Chen etToda,sp.nov.;刺伏绕眼果蝇Phortica spinosa Chen et Gao,sp.nov.;对称伏绕眼果蝇Phortica symmetria Chen et Toda,sp nov.;田边氏伏绕眼果蝇Phortica tanabei Chen et Toda,sp nov.     

中国二叉蚜属研究及三新种记述 (同翅目:蚜科)(英)

本文记述中国二叉蚜属SchizaphisBruer6种,其中包括3新种：贴梗海棠二叉蚜Schizaphis（Schizaphis）chaenometicolaZhang,sp．nov．香草二叉蚜Schizaphis（Schizaphis）hierochlophagaZhangetChen,sp．nov．和长管二叉蚜Schizophis（Schizaphis）longituberclataZhangetQiao,sp．nov,并附亚属、种检索表。模式标本存放中国科学院动物研究所标本馆。贴梗海棠二叉蚜Schizapais（Schizaphis）chaenometicolaZhang,新种（图1）正模：无翅孤雌蚜,No．8101－1－11,甘肃：天水（北纬34．6°,东经105.7°）1580m,贴梗海棠Chaenomelesspeciosa（Sweet）,1985－VII－7,23,张广学、钟铁森;副模：7无翅孤雌蚜,其它同上。该种触角约为体长的0．50～0．70倍,腹管略长于尾片,与香草二叉蚜相近,但腹部各节无缘瘤,中胸腹盆两臂分离,寄主贴梗海棠和山丁子,使其不同于本属内任何种。香草二叉蚜Schizaphis（Schizaphis）hierochlophagaZhangetChen,新种（图2）正模：有翅孤雌蚜,No．Y2690－1－1－3,北京（北纬39．3°,东经116．4°）100m,香茅草Cymbopogonspp,1983－VI－2,张向才。副模：1有翅孤雌蚜,1无翅孤雌蚜,No．Y2690－11－2,其它同上。该种触角约为体长的0．64倍,有翅孤雌蚜触角3～5     

On the taxonomy of Phlegmariurus (Herter) Holub sect. Huperzioides H. S. Kung et L. B. Zhang (sect. nov.) with notes on the infrageneric classification of the genus Phlegmariurus in China

After the genus Phlegmariurus (Herter)Holub was proposed by J. Holub 1964, the repercussions are different, with some botanists accepting it, while others refusing. We take it as a separate genus since the related species from China are distinctly different from those of Huperzia Bernh. The plants of this genus in China are classified into three sections: Sect. Huperzioides H. S. Kung et L. B. Zhang, sect. nov.; Sect. Carinaturus (Herter)H. S. Kung et L. B. Zhang, comb. nov. and Sect. Phlegmariurus. A key to sections is given. The taxonomy on the new section, Sect. Huperzioides, is presented. Thirteen species are reported in China, involving 4 new combinations: Ph. petiolatus (Clarke)H. S. Kung et L. B. Zhang, Ph. cryptomerianus (Maxim.)Ching, Ph. ovatifolius (Ching)W. M. Chu, Ph. nylamensis (Ching et S. K. Wu)H. S. Kung et L. B. Zhang; and 7 names are considered for the first time as synonyms: Huperzia formosana Holub [ = Ph. taiwanensis Ching ], H. austrosinica Ching [ = Ph. petiolatus ], Lycopodium mingchgense Ching [ = Ph. mincheensis Ching ], Ph. mincheensis var. angustifolius C. Y. Ma [ = Ph. mincheensis ], Ph. longyangensis C. Y. Ma [ = Ph. fordii ], Ph. nanus C. Y. Ma [ ＝ Ph. fordii ], Ph. yandongensis Ching et C. F. Zhang [ ＝ Ph.fordii]. One new record in China is found: Ph.hamiltonii.     

绿僵菌属的三个新种

作者从广东、贵州、北京等地收集的虫生真菌中,发现在我国具有绿僵菌属特征的真菌可分为四个种。根据菌落颜色、分生孢子团块大小、紧密和牢固程度、孢子链连接方式、分生孢子形状等,将我们收集的属于本属的菌株分为四个种。本文报道绿僵菌属三个新种的描述。金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae(Metsch.)Sorokin为最常见的甘蔗金龟子致病菌,是本属的模式种。平沙绿僵菌Metarhizium pingshaense Chen et Guo sp.nov.、柱孢绿僵菌Metarhizium cylindrosporae Chen et Guo sp.nov.和贵州绿僵菌Metarhizium guizhouense Chen et Guo sp.nov.是三个新种。     

飞虱科一新属二新种

记述飞虱科一新属,即沟茎飞虱属Sulculus Ding et Chen, gen.nov.,二新种,即沟茎飞虱S. sulcatus Ding,sp.nov.和荔波沟茎飞虱S. liboensis Chen, sp. Nov.。模式标本分别保存于南京农业大学植物保护系和贵州大学昆虫研究所。     

Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Clusiaceae). 1 Section 9. Hypericum sensu lato (part 3): Subsection 1. Hypericum series 2. Senanensia,subsection 2. Erecta and section 9b. Graveolentia

Abstract

Part 4(3) of this monographic series of papers on the genus Hypericum is prefaced by an introduction to the genus and a summary of the aims and methods of the project. This is followed by treatments of the remaining parts of sect. 9. Hypericum sensu stricto and the last segregate section from the original sect. Hypericum, sect. 9b. Graveolentia. Both hitherto untreated parts of the reduced sect. Hypericum are mainly Japanese, but some species extend in distribution as far as Kamchatka, eastern Siberia, central China, and Sabah (Mt. Kinabalu). Sect. Graveolentia is North and Central American. Sect. Hypericum subsect. Hypericum series Senanensia contains seven species from northern Japan and adjacent areas, including H. pibairense (Miyabe & Y. Kimura) N. Robson, stat. nov., H. nakaii subsp. miyabei (Y. Kimura) N. Robson, comb. et stat. nov., H. nakaii subsp. tatewakii (S. Watanabe) N. Robson, comb. et stat. nov. and H. senanense subsp. mutiloides (R. Keller) N. Robson, comb. et stat. nov. Sect. Hypericum subsect. Erecta contains 23 species and one hybrid from Japan, Korea, central China, Taiwan, Luzon, Sabah and Sumatera, including H. kawaranum N. Robson, stat. et nom. nov., H. watanabei N. Robson, stat. et nom. nov., H. kimurae N. Robson, stat. et nom. nov., H. pseudoerectum stat. et nom. nov., H. kitamense (Y. Kimura) N. Robson, stat. nov., H. kurodakeanum N. Robson, stat. et nom. nov., H. furusei N. Robson, sp. nov., H. nuporoense N. Robson, sp. nov. and H. ovalifolium subsp. hisauchii (Y. Kimura) N. Robson, stat. nov. Sect. Graveolentia contains nine species and one hybrid from southeastern Canada, the eastern half of the United States, Mexico and western Guatemala, including H. oaxacanum subsp. veracrucense N. Robson, subsp. nov. and H. macvaughii N. Robson, sp. nov.     

A Study on the Genus Rubus of China

The genus Rubus is one of the largest genera in the Rosaceae, consisting of more than 750 species in many parts of the world, of which 194 species have been recorded in China. In the present paper the Rubus is understood in its broad sense, including all the blackberries, dewberries and raspberries, comprising the woody and herbaceous kinds. So it is botanically a polymorphic, variable and very complicated group of plants. The detailed analysis and investigation of the evolutionary trends of the main organs in this genus have indicated the passage from shrubs to herbs in an evolutionary line, although there is no obvious discontinuity of morphological characters in various taxa. From a phylogenetic point of view, the Sect. Idaeobatus Focke is the most primitive group, characterized by its shrub habit armed with sharp prickles, aciculae or setae, stipules attached to the petioles, flowers hermaphrodite and often in terminal or axillary inflorescences, very rarely solitary, druplets separated from receptacles. Whereas the herbaceous Sect. Chamaemorus L. is the most advanced group, which is usually unarmed, rarely with aciculae or setae, stipules free, flowers dieocious, solitary, druplets adhering to the receptacles and with high chromosome numbers (2n = 56). Basing upon the evolutionary tendency of morphological features, chromosome numbers of certain species recorded in literature and the distribution patterns of species, a new systematic arrangement of Chinese Rubus has been suggested by the present authors. Focke in his well-known monograph divided the species of Rubus into 12 subgenera, while in the Flora of China 8 sections of Focke were adapted, but some important revisions have been made in some taxa and Sect. Dalibarda Focke has been reduced to Sect. Cylactis Focke. In addition, the arrangement of sections is presented in a reverse order to those of Focke’s system. The species of Rubus in China are classified into 8 sections with 24 subsections (tab. 3) as follows: 1. Sect. Idaeobatus, emend. Yü et Lu(11 subsect. 83 sp.); 2. Sect. Lampobatus Focke (1 sp.); 3. Sect. Rubus (1 sp.); 4. Sect. Malachobatus Focke, emend. Yü et Lu (13 subsect. 85 sp.); 5. Sect. Dalibardastrus (Focke)Yü et Lu (10 sp.); 6. Sect. Chaemaebatus Focke (5 sp.); 7. Sect. Cylactis Focke, emend. Yü et Lu (8 sp.); 8. Sect. Chamaemorus Focke (1 sp.). In respect to the geographical distribution the genus Rubus occurs throughout the world as shown in tab. 2, particularly abundant in the Northern Hemisphere, while the greatest concentration of species appears in North America and E. Asia. Of the more than 750 species in the world, 470 or more species (64%) distributed in North America. It is clearly showm that the center of distribution lies in North America at present time. There are about 200 species recorded in E. Asia, of which the species in China (194) amount to 97% of the total number. By analysis of the distribution of species in China the great majority of them inhabit the southern parts of the Yangtze River where exist the greatest number of species and endemics, especially in southwestern parts of China, namely Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou (tab. 3. 4.). It is interesting to note that the centre of distribution of Rubus in China ranges From northwestern Yunnan to south-western Sichuan (tab. 5), where the genus also reaches its highest morphological diversity. In this region the characteristics of floristic elements of Rubus can be summarized as follows: it is very rich in composition, contaning 6 sections and 94 species, about 66% of the total number of Chinese species; there are also various complex groups, including primitive, intermediate and advanced taxa of phylogenetic importance; the proportion of endemic plants is rather high, reaching 61 species, up to 44% of the total endemics in China. It is noteworthy to note that the most primitive Subsect. Thyrsidaei (Focke) Yü et Lu, consisting of 9 endemic species, distributed in southern slopes of the Mts. Qin Ling and Taihang Shan (Fig. 4). From the above facts we may concluded that the south-western part of China is now not only the center of distribution and differentiation of Rubus in China, but it may also be the center of origin ofthis genus.     

湖南的新记录植物(四)

报道了湖南植物分布新记录,其中新记录科1个,即无叶莲科Petrosaviaceae;新记录属2个,即无叶莲属Petrosavia Becc.和鸢尾兰属Oberonia Lindl.;新记录种11个,即小药八旦子Corydalis caudata(Lam.) Pers、韫珍金腰Chrysosplenium wuwenchenii Jien、桂林乌桕Sapium chihsinianum S.K.Lee、蛛毛苣苔Paraboea sinensis(Oliv.) Burtt、扁穗牛鞭草Hemarthria compressa(Linn.f.) R.Br.、曲轴黑三棱Sparganium fallax Graebn、无叶莲Petrosavia sakuraii(Makino) J.J.Smith ex Steenis、北重楼Paris verticillata M.-Bieb.、大叶仙茅Curculigo capitulata(Lour.) O.Kuntze、狭叶鸢尾兰Oberonia caulescens Lindl.、无距虾脊兰Calanthe tsoongiana T.Tang et F.T.Wang;新记录变种1个,即峨嵋金腰Chrysosplenium hydrocotylifolium Lévl.et Vant.var.emeiense J.T.Pan。     

新疆米短柄泥蜂属二新种记述(膜翅目,蜜蜂总科,方头泥蜂科)(英文)

记述了采自新疆2新种,四齿米短柄泥蜂M.quadridentata Ma,Liet Chen,sp.nov.和散点米短柄泥蜂M.sparsipunctulata Ma,Liet Chen,sp.nov.,对米短柄泥蜂属中国已知种类检索表进行了部分修订。模式标本分别保存在浙江大学寄生蜂标本室和中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆。     

A Taxonomic Study on the Genus Polygala L. in China

The present paper deals with the history of taxonomy, groos morphology, pollen morphology, distribution, system and taxonomic treatment of the genus Polygala L. from China. Three subgenera, 4 sections, 41 species and 8 varieties are recognized in this treatment, of which 2 sections are described as new. The system of Chinese species of Polygala L. is proposed as follow: Subgen. 1. Chamaebuxus (DC.)Duchartre (Typus: Polygala chamaebuxus L.) Sect. 1. Arillus S. K. Chen, sect. nov. (Typus: Polygala arillata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don). This section consists of about 20 species, distributed in the tropics and subtropics of Asia and Africa, with 7 species found in South China. Subgen. 2. Pseudosemeiocardium (Adema) J. Chetek et B. Krisa( Typus: Polygala furcata Royle). Sect. 1. Villososperma C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen (Typus: Polygala wattersii Hance ). There are 3 species in this section, distributed in S. China and N. Vietnam. Sect. 2. Saxicola S. K. Chen, sect.nov. (Typus: Polygala saxicola Dunn). This section consists of 8 species, among which P. tricornis Gagnep. and P. saxicola Dunn are distributed in both Vietnam and China, and the other 6 species are endemic to China. Sect. 3. Pseudosemeiocardium ( Typus: Polygala furcata Royle). This section consists of about 7 species, distributed in SW China, extending from Indo-China Peninsula, southward to Malay, the Philippines, Indonesia and New Guinea, westward to the southern slope of the Himalayas and N. India, northward to Japan. Subgen. 3. Polygala (Typus: Polygala vulgaris L. ). 400 species or more belong to this cosmopolitan subgenus. Most species are found in America and Africa, with 18 species discovered in China. Taxonomic evidence: The characters of flowers, fruits and seeds, the indumentum of seeds and presence or absence of caruncles are stable and also correlated with one another. There is a certain combination of the above-mentioned characters in a given group, which provide reliable evidence for the infrageneric division. A good example is the Polygala arillata group, grown under the tropical and subtropical forests, which has large, yellow flowers, with sepals fallen after blossom. The flower has carinas with a cristate appendix, which is of 2-9 long narrow pieces. The seeds are spherical, with a hooded caruncle. Its fruits are of annuloid stripes. (Fig. 1). The Polygala tenuifolia Willd. group, cosmopolitan in distribution, has a middle-sized, purple or yellow flower with persistent sepals. Cristate appendix of carina is usually fimbricate. The seed in the group is oblong or subovoid, with a trilobate caruncle. Carpels of the fruits of this group are without annuloid stripes(Fig. 3). The third group, Polygala saxicola group, is between the two as indicated above. The group has a small, yellow or occasionally purplecolored flower, with sepals fallen after blossom or sometimes with a persistent outer sepal. The cristate appendix of carina is lamellar or cucullate. The seed of the group is sometimes with pubescences and hooded caruncles sometimes with hirtoselike villoses and no caruncle (Fig. 2) pollen morphology and systematic treatments: The pollen morphology of the domestic Polygala seems to support division of Polygala L. into three groups as follows: A. Pollen grains subspheroidal, 10-19-colpate, colpi usually rather wide, relatively psilate in the polar area; B. Pollen grains reniform, 22-26-colpate, sculptural in the polar area; C. Pollen grains long-spheroidal or subspheroidal, 9- 23-colpate, with long and deep colpi, which usually extend to the relatively psilate polar area. The pollen morphology is naturally correlated with the morphology of flowers, fruits and seeds. Based on these, three subgenera and four sections no subdivision in Subgen. Polygala)are recognized.     

The column types of Neottia and Archineottia of the family Orchidaceae and their taxonomic and phylogenetic significance

The column is the most characteristic part of an orchid flower. It is considered to be formed by the union of stamens with a central style and stigma. In the Apostasieae, for example, the column is rather primitive in the stamens and style only partially united, whereas in the majority of higher orchids it becomes more advanced through a eomplete union of them into a single organ. Within the family, indeed, the column structure is greatly diversified and of great taxonomic significance. It is interesting to note that a great range of diversity of column structure is bund in Neottia (sensu lato), a small but widespread genus consisting of 14 species, about two thirds of which, however, are of local occurance and seem to be little known to many botanists. In some speeies of this genus we find a very primitive column structure which is quite unique in the family, while in the others it is much more complicated. In all, five types of their column structure can be distinguished as fol- lows: (1) column rather longer; anther erect with a short filament attached to the back of the column near the apex; stigma terminal; neither clinandrium nor rostellure; (f. 2, 4) (2) as the preceding, 'except for the stigma more or less curved foreward and filament longer; (f. 6, 8) (3) column rather longer with a clinandrium at its summit, upon which a sessile and incumbent anther sits; rostellum large, horizontally projecting out over the concave stigma situated in the front of the column; (f. 10, 13, 15, 17) (4) as the preceding, except, for the anther and rostellum almost erect, and the stigma more or less bilabiate; (f. 19,21) (5) column very short; anther and rostellum erect; stigma lamellate, erect; reflexed and almost clasping the rostellum. (f.,2g) In these .five types, with the exception of the first one in which the labellum (the median petal) is very similar to the lateral: petals, they all possess zygomorphic perianth with labellum bilobed or entire which is quite different from the two lateral petals. Here, we see a great change in the column structure from one form with stamen and style not fully united to another form in which they have been well fused. Speaking strictly, these are two sorts of entirely different column structure. The former one, represented by (1) and (2) as stated above, is, in fact, an incomplete or s very primitive column in having a terminal stigma and an erect stamen with its free filament attached to the back of the column; and the absence of clinandrium and rostellum. Furthermore, there exists on the back of the column a thick ridge with its upper end joined to the filament, with which it is of the same texture and appearance. In Neottia pantlingii (=Arohineottia pantlingii) the free filament is even rather longer than the ridge, (f. 6) while in the other three species (f. 2, 4, 8) they are shorter. It is in my opinion the lower part of the filament adnate to the compound style or column. This is another fact of interest perhaps not occuring in any other living orchids. On the other hand, the latter one, represented by (3), (4) and (5), is a more advanced column structure, in which a higher level of specialisation with well-developed clinandrium and rostellum is reached. The stigma becomes shallow depressed on the anterior side of the column, or sometimes in the form of somewhat a bilabiate lip projecting out before or under the long rostellum. This is apparently a complete column both in structure and function quite different from the former and, contrarily, much like that of Listera. Basing upon the facts just mentioned, we may subdivided Neottia (sensu lato) into two distinct genera, with two and three sections respectively. They are as follows: 1. Archineottia S. C. Chen, gen. nov. (1) Sect. Archineottia 1) A. gaudissartii (Hand.-Mzt.) S. C. Chen, comb. nov. (China) 2) A. microglottis (Duthie) S. C. Chen, comb. nov. (India) (2) Sect. Furciila S. C. Chen, sect. nov. 3) A. pantlingii (W. W. Smith) S. C. Chen, comb. nov. (Sikkim) 4) A. smithiana (Schltr.) S. C. Chen, comb. nov. (China) 2. Neottia Guett. (1) Sect. Listeroides S.C. Chen, sect. nov. 1) N. listeroides (L.) Rchb. f. (China, Sikkim, Kashmir) 2) N. camtschatea (L.) Rchb. f, (China, Soviet Union) 3) N. megalochila S. C. Chen, nom. nov. (China) 4) N. inayatii (I)uthie) Schltr. (Pakistan, Kashmir) 5) N. tenii Schltr; (China) (2) Sect. Neottia 6) N. papilligera Schltr. (Chinas: Japan, Korea, Soviet Union, Sikkim) 7) N. nidus-avis (L.) L. C. Rich. (Europe, Iran, Western Siberia) 8) N. brevilabris Tang et Wang: (China) (3) Sect. Hologlossa S. C. Chen, sect. nov. 9) N. acuminata Schltr. (China, Japan, Korea, Soviet Union, Sikkim) Inperfeetly known species: 10) N. ussuriensis (Kom. et Nevski) S6o (Soviet Union) Thus, the subtribe Neottiinae are composed of four genera, namely, Diplandrorchis, Archineottia, Neottia and Listera. The new genus Archineottia, as one of the most primitive genera in the family, is of great interest from a phylogenetic point of view. It shows dose similarity to Diplandrorchis and Neottia in habit, but sharply distinct from them in column structure. These genera, as indicated By some authors, also show affinity in some respects with the subtribe Limodorinae, especially to Tangtsinia and Sinorchis, the other two quite primitive genera in the family. There is, indeed, a great need of further study of these interesting or relic genera and this, I think, would go a long way towards solving the problems concerning the origin ofthe Orchidaceae.     

广西金花茶花粉形态

<正> 本文报道广西金花茶(Camellia Sect.Chrysanthae)8个种1个变种花粉在光学显微镜和电子扫描显微镜下观察的结果。 材料和方法 材料取自在广西采集的腊叶标本上的花粉。制片方法采用G.Erdtman的醋酸酐分解法,在光学显微镜下测量其大小。扫描电镜观察材料采用醋酸酐分解,后用蒸馏水洗净,再用纯酒精脱水,上铜台,喷金,在扫描电子显微镜下观察并照相。