Pollen Morphology of Dioscorea in China

This paper deals with pollen morphology of 33 species belonging to 5 sections of Dioscorea in China. They were examined under both LM and SEM. The pollen grains of Sect. Stenophora are monocolpate with the size of 17-25.5×26.8-39.1μm, the exine is reticulate, striate, parforate-reticulate or cerebro-reticulate, while those of the other sections are bicolpate, reticulate or cerebro- reticulate with the size of 19.2-26.7×13.9-23.1μm. Based on palynological data Sect. Stenophora may be considered primitive and Sect. Enantiophyllum the most advanced in Dioscorea.     

豹子花属的研究

豹子花属(Nomccharis Franch.)是百合科百合族(Lilieae)中的一个属,分布于青藏高原东南缘。该属作为一个独立的属,虽被普遍承认,但关于属的范围,即其中与百合属(Lilium L.)及贝母属(Fritillaria L.)有密切关系的种的归属问题,则是一直有争议的。本文仅就这一方面以及在地理分布上的一些问题进行简要讨论。     

Pollen Morphology of Parnassia L. （Parnassiaceae） and Its Systematic Implications

The pollen morphology of 28 species of Parnassia L. was investigated with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shape of pollen grains in this genus varies from subspheroidal to prolate in equatorial view and is three-lobed circular in the polar view. Pollen grains are usually radially symmetrical, isopolar, tricolporate or syntricolporate, with reticulate sculpture. The pollen characteristics among species are fairly similar to each other. Morphological information regarding the pollen grains shows that Parnassia is a natural genus. Based on exine ornamentation observed under SEM, three types of pollen grains were recognized: (i) type I, with foveolate-reticulate sculpture; (ii) type II, with a finely reticulate sculpture; and (iii) type III, with a coarsely reticulate sculpture. Most sections of this genus have one type of sculpture of pollen morphology, but Sect. Nectarotrilobos has three types of sculpture and Sect.Saxifragastrum has two types of sculpture. All three types of sculpture can be found in Southwest China,with species with the longest (Parnassia delavayi Franch.) and shortest (Parnassiafaberi Oliv.) colpi,implying that Southwest China is the center of diversification of the genus.     

Pollen Morphology of Parnassia L. (Parnassiaceae) and Its Systematic Implications

The pollen morphology of 28 species of Parnassia L. was investigated with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shape of pollen grains in this genus varies from subspheroidal to prolate in equatorial view and is three-lobed circular in the polar view. Pollen grains are usually radially symmetrical, isopolar, tricolporate or syntricolporate, with reticulate sculpture. The pollen characteristics among species are fairly similar to each other. Morphological information regarding the pollen grains shows that Parnassia is a natural genus. Based on exine ornamentation observed under SEM, three types of pollen grains were recognized: (i) type Ⅰ, with foveolate-reticulate sculpture; (ii) type Ⅱ, with a finely reticulate sculpture; and (iii) type Ⅲ, with a coarsely reticulate sculpture. Most sections of this genus have one type of sculpture of pollen morphology, but Sect. Nectarotrilobos has three types of sculpture and Sect.Saxifragastrum has two types of sculpture. All three types of sculpture can be found in Southwest China,with species with the longest (Parnassia delavayi Franch.) and shortest (Parnassia faberi Oliv.) colpi,implying that Southwest China is the center of diversification of the genus.     

7种獐牙菜属植物花粉形态的研究

本文应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,对龙胆科(Gentianaceae)獐牙菜属(Swertia L.)7种植物(獐牙菜Swertia bimaculata(S.et z.)HK.f.Thoms.、水灵芝S.davidii Franch.、江浙獐牙菜S.hickinii Burkill.、贵州獐牙菜S.kouitchensisFranch.、大籽獐牙菜S.macrosperma C.B.Clarke.、翼梗獐牙菜S.nervosa Wall.、紫红獐牙菜S.punicea Hemsl.)的花粉形态作了比较观察,找出了它们的鉴别特征,阐明了獐牙菜属植物花粉的外壁外层表面纹饰的三种类型为条纹—网状、网状和瘤状雕纹。     

三种黄花石蒜植物的花粉形态比较

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对三种开黄花的石蒜属(Lycoris Herb.)植物的花粉形态进行观察和比较.结果表明:三种植物花粉均为两侧对称,赤道面观呈舟形或肾形,极面观为椭圆形或长椭圆形,萌发孔类型为远极单槽,槽长几达两端;三种植物花粉外壁具网状纹饰,且在网眼底壁及网脊多附有小乳突.通过花粉特征及其他性状的比较研究,对三种黄花石蒜植物的分类鉴定和系统演化关系进行了初步探讨.     

Pollen morphology of the tribe Ruellieae (Acanthaceae) from

Pollen morphology of seven species in two genera in the Ruelliinae, three species in one genus in the Barlerinae and 34 species in 16 genera in the Strobilanthinae (Ruellieae, Acanthaceae), were observed under SEM. Pollen grains in Ruellieae, particularly in Strobilanthinae (including Strobilanthes s.l.) exhibit great diversity and are most eurypalynous in the family. In light of the aperture types and exine ornamentation patterns, pollen grains of the genera examined fall into three major types: 1. 3-porate pollen, which includes, (1) pollen with reticulate exine ornamentation (Pararuellia); (2) pollen with gemmate exine ornamentation (Championella); (3) pollen with echinate exine ornamentation (Paragutzlaffia, Diflugossa and Pteroptychia). 2. 3-colporate pollen or 3-colporate pollen with pseudocolpi, which includes, (1) 3-colporate pollen with reticulate exine ornamentation (Eranthemum and Barleria); (2) 3-colporate pollen with pseudocolpi and ribbed or banded, and septate exine ornamentation, the lumina rounded, finely reticulate inside and arranged in longitudinal rows (Perilepta, Pteracanthus, Goldfussia, Sympagis and some species of Strobilanthes); (3) 3-colporate pollen with ribbed or banded yet not septate exine ornamentation, the lumina neither distinctly rounded and finely reticulate inside, nor conspicuously arranged in longitudinal rows (Aechmanthera, Baphicacanthus, Semnostachya and some species of Pteracanthus); and (4) 3-colporate pollen with ribbed and finely reticulate exine ornamentation but with broader bands, each band with two ridges (Strobilanthes cycla). 3. (4-)5-colporate pollen with pseudocolpi and reticulate or ornate exine ornamentation (Adenacanthus). No distinct apertures were observed in three genera, Parachampionella, Gutzlaffia and Tarphochlamys. Pollen morphological characters in the Acanthaceae can be used not only to distinguish taxa of higher ranks (subfamily, tribe and subtribe) and elucidate their relationships, but sometimes can also be used to distinguish genera and species.     

国产淫羊藿属花粉形态研究

本文用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对我国淫羊藿属Epimedium 14种花粉进行比较深入的研究,试图通过花粉形态的研究为该属的植物分类和原植物鉴定提供参考依据。     

Pollen morphology inParis and its related genera

Pollen grains ofParis, Medeola, andScoliopus have been examined with light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopies.P. quadrifolia L.,P. verticillata Bieb.,P. delavayi Franch. andP. polyphylla Smith have monosulcate pollen characterized by psilate, foveolate or reticulate exine sculpture. In contrast to the former species,P. japonica (Fr. et Sav.) Franch. andP. tetraphylla A. Gray have monosulcate pollen with gemmate (rarely rugulate) exine.Medeola has monosulcate pollen with reticulate exine that is distinct from that ofParis. Scoliopus has monosulcate pollen characterized by a peculiar reticulate exine pattern. The palynological evidence suggests thatParis andTrillium are closely related to each other, andMedeola andScoliopus should be separated fromParis andTrillium.     

延龄草科四属花粉形态的研究

对延龄草科重楼属Paris L.延龄草属Trillium L.Medeola L.属和Scoliopus Torr.属以及百合科百合属Ｌilium L.和萱草属Ｈemerocallis L.花粉进行了光镜和电镜的观察和比较。结果表明,在延龄草科中,重楼属,Medeola属和Scoliopus属花粉具有较多的相似性：具单一远极沟,极面观椭圆形,外壁为网状纹饰或皱波－网状纹饰。而延龄草属花粉与它们的差异则较大,为圆形,无萌发孔,外壁非网状纹饰,而是颗粒状,疣状,芽孢状,星状和微刺状等纹饰。百合属中的Lilium michauxii和萱草属中的金针菜Hemerocallis citrina花粉均为单一远极沟,外壁表面为网状纹饰。但其网脊特别粗,具不规则突起并形成棱角（H.citina)或由许多排列成念珠状的、形状不一的分子组成（Lilium michauxii),结构特别复杂。就其萌发孔类型和纹饰特征看,它们与延龄草科中的重楼属,Medeola属和Scoliopus属花粉具有较多的性。花粉外壁的层次结构在延龄草科各属之间（延龄草属除外）,甚至在延龄草科与百合科之间均没有多大的差异。     

中国石蒜属植物花粉形态的研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对我国石蒜属ＬｙｃｏｒｉｓＨｅｒｂ．１１种植物花粉形态进行系统地研究,并对其中６种具有代表性植物花粉进行了透射电镜观察。该属植物花粉舟形或肾形;萌发孔为远极单槽;在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察,外壁具网状纹饰;在透射电镜下观察,外壁包括外壁－１和外壁－２两层,外壁－１是由半覆盖层、柱状层和基层组成,外壁－２很薄。根据花粉形态及其他器官特征,对本属植物分类地位也进行了一些讨论。     

Taxonomy of the Genus Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae)

The genus Oreocharis as circumscribed here consists of 27 species including 5 varieties, of which 5 species and 4 varieties are described as new in the present paper. In the work analysed were the external morphology and geographic distribution and examined under SEM were pollen exine of 22 species and seed coat of 16 species. As a result, three types of the corolla, two types of the anther, three types of the pollen exine and three types of the seed coat are distinguished here in the paper. It is discovered that the corolla in the genus is relatively stable, though diverse, and highly correlated with the characters of pollen grains and seeds. The corolla clearly bilabiate but constricted at the throat, occurring in O. auricula, O. cordatula, O. aurantiaca, etc., for an example, is correlated with smooth, reticulate pollen exine and partial tectum and the reticulate and smooth seed coat. For this reason the subdivision of the genus in the paper is mainly based on the characters of the corolla, but combined with those of the anther, pollen and seed coat. The genus is divided into four sections in the present classification. Dasydesmus Craib, based on a single species. O. bodinieri, is reduced here, and the reasons are given. The genus is distributed mainly in the subtropics, and less frequently in the tropics, of China south of 32.5°N and east of 98.5°E, with only two species beyond the border, O. hirsuta in Thailand (only a single locality in Chiengmai) and O. aurea also found in north Vietnam (see Fig. 1, Table 3). Sect. 1. Stomactin (Clarke) Fritsch. Corolla urceolate-tubular, constricted at the throat, with limb distinctly bilabiate; anthers broad-oblong; seed coat reticulate, smooth, rarely minutely tuberculate; pollen exine fine-reticulate, tectum partial and smooth, luminae slightly unequal in size. Sect. 2. Orthanthera K. Y. Pan Corolla campanulate or campanulate-tubular; anthers broad-oblong; seed coat reticulate, muri smooth, rarely spiny-processed; pollen exine fine-reticulate, with partial and smooth tectum and luminae slightly unequal in size, rarely exine insular and fine-tuberculate, tectum perforate. Setc. 3. Oreocharis Corolla thin-tubular; anthers broad-oblong; seed coat densely spinyprocessed, rarely fine-tuberculate; pollen exine insular, densely spiny-processed, rarely finereticulate and smooth, luminae unequal in size. Sect. 4. Platyanthera K. Y. Pan Corolla campanulate; anthers hippocrepiform; seed coat densely spiny-processed; pollen exine fine-reticulate, tectum perforate, luminae small, nearly equal in size. In the section Stomactin, although the constriction of corolla at its throat is a specialized character, the characters of seed coat, pollen grains and anthers are apparently primitive. Therefore it may be said at least that more primitive characters are preserved in the section. In the section Oreocharis, on the contrary, the characters of corolla, seed coat and pollen exine are all advanced. And in the section Platyanthera, the seed coat, pollen (with perforate tectum) and anthers have developed rather specialized characters.     

Pollen Morphology of Guttiferae in China

The present paper deals with the pollen morphology of 23 species belonging to 6 genera of Guttiferae occurred in China. All pollen grains have been observed under light microscope, and those of 11 species in 5 genera have been examined with SEM as well. The pollen grains of Guttiferae are subspheroidal, spheroidal or prolate, (17–43) × (15–26)μ in size. Mostly 3-eolporate, less frequently 4-colporate or 5-colporate. The exine is 2-layered, but the occassionally demarcation of these layers is generally indistinct. The exine is 0.8–2.6 μ in thickness. The oramentations of all the pollen grains is generlly finely reticulate under the light microscope. Pollen morphology of the 11 species of 5 genera observed under the SEM is stressed. Their exine oramentations may be classified into four major groups, ie. reticulate, finely reticulate, baculate and perforate. Calophyllum: pollen grains reticulate and rugulo-reticulate. Cratoxylon: pollen grains reticulate, with finely and densely granulate over entire muri. Gareinia: pollen grains baculate, reticulate, and exine with perforate oramentation; in reticulate grains, muri with spinulation. Hypericum: pollen grains reticulate, perforate and finely reticulate. Mesua: pollen grains finely reticulate. From the comparison of pollen morphology, Hypericaceae has much connection with Guttiferae (sensu stricto). Because their pollen grains are all 3-eolporate and the exine is reticulate or oerforate under light mieroseope, but it is different between the pollen grains of Hypericum and those of Guttiferae.     

栝楼属花粉形态研究及其在分类学上的意义

本文收集了国内外栝楼属Trichosanthes 31种1变种,在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下,进行了花粉粒形态的比较观察。该属花粉粒为3孔沟型,外壁表面纹饰可分为四个类型,即：疣状或皱波状(小苞组),粗网状(大苞组),细网状或光滑(叶苞组),近光滑或皱波状(王瓜组)。这四个类型的划分与植物形态分类基本一致,可作为分组及分种的依据之一。花粉特征支持将叶苞组分为叶苞亚组和柔毛亚组,如叶苞亚组有明显的沟,而柔毛亚组没有。     

Studies On the Pollen Morphology of the Genus Iris in China

In this paper, pollen grains of 32 species of the genus Iris in China were examined under light microscope and scanning elrctron microscope. Pollen grains in Iris of China are navicular or subspheroidal. According to the characters of aperture and shape, pollen grains may be divided into four types: (1) Monocolpate (distal): pollen grains navicular or subspheroidal, exine reticulate. (2) Monocolpate-colpoidal: pollen grains subspheroidal, exine pilate. (3) 2-syncolpate: polen grains subspheroidal or navicular, exine reticulate. (4) No aperture: pollen grains subspheroidal; exine verrucate. The evolutional trends of aperture and exine ornamentation are traced and systematic po-sitions of some species are discussed based on characteristics of pollen grains and other organs.     

Pollen Morphology of the Family Zingiberaceae in China—Pollen Types and Their Significance in the Taxonomy

Pollen morphology of 89 species and 3 varieties belonging to 18 genera (out of 150 spcies in 20 genera) of Zingiberaceae in China was studied under both light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Pollen grains of Zingiberaceae are spherical, subspherical, ovoid and prolate, 36-225 μm in size, nonaperturate or aperturate (spiraperturate, porate). Pollen grains are almost not resistant to acetolysis. The wall is composed of a very thin exine and a thick intine. The exine is psilate, spinate, cerebelloid-areolate, striate, verrucate and foveolate. According to the presence or the absence of aperture and differential ornamentations, two types and six subtypes are recognized: I. The type Nonaperturate: (85 species and 3 varieties in 18 genera). Four subtypes can be recognized within the type based on the characteristics of the exine sculpture. These are: (1) The subtype Psilate, in which, the exine is nearly smooth (including: Hedychium, Curcuma, Kaempferia, Caulokaempferia coenobilis, Boesenbergia rotunda, Stahlianthus, Amomum compactum, Etingera, Hornstedtis, Rhynchanthus). (2) The subtype Spinate, which comprises two groups: (A) The group Short-spinate, pollen grains with smaller spines (Globba), (B) The group Long-spinate, pollen grains with longer spines (Alpinia, Amomum, Plagiostachys, Roscoea, Cautleya, Boesenbergia fallax, Caulokaempferia yunnanensis). (3) The subtype Cereblloid-areolate, pollen grains of which are spherical or subspherical, with cerebelloid sculpture (Zingiber Sect. Zingiber). (4) The subtype Striate, pollen grains of which are prolate or oliveshaped, and striate (Zingiber Setc. Cryptanthium). II. The type Aperturate, in which pollen grains are acetilysis-resistant and possess distinct apertures (mixed colpate-porate or forate), including two subtypes: (1)The subtype Mixed colpate and Porate. Pollen grains are both 3-colpate and 1-3-porate, and usually with one long spiral, two short (straight or slightly curved) colpi and 1-3-poris. The exine is verrucate or not, nearly sinuolate (Costus speciosus, C. tonkinensis, C. lacerus). (2) The subtype porate, whose grains are 6-8-porate and exine is foveolate (Costus megalobractea). The taxonomic significance of the pollen types in the family Zingiberaceae is also discussed.     

皖南山区肖坑林场秋季植物花粉形态特征分析

应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对皖南山区肖坑林场10月开花的26科41属42种2变种的花粉形态特征进行了观察和描述.44种植物包含草本植物38种、木本植物6种,其中菊科(Compositae)植物有11种.花粉类型以萌发孔为3孔沟为主,占52.3％;还包含单沟、3沟、多沟、散沟、3孔和多孔等类型.外壁纹饰以细网状和具刺(包括刺状、微刺状、条纹-微刺状、微刺-穿孔状、长刺状和刺突状)为主,分别占27.3％和47.7％;还有粗网状、颗粒状、棒状和条纹状纹饰等.对这些种类花粉形态特征的观察和描述可为第四纪地层花粉研究提供基础资料,也可作为中低山暖湿气候环境的代用指标.     

中国贝母属花粉形态的研究

本文对分布于我国的贝母属(Fritillaria L.)27种(变种)植物的花粉形态进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜的观察,并对本属植物花粉的形态结构、类型、演化关系以及在分类学上的意义进行了讨论。     

中国紫草科破布木属花粉形态和外壁超微结构

为了深入探讨紫草科（Boraginaceae）的分类问题,用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了该科破布木属（CordiaL.) 10种植物的花粉形态和外壁超微结构。发现该属花粉具三孔、三孔沟、三拟孔沟和三合沟4种萌发孔类型。外壁表面具微刺状纹饰、刺状纹饰、网状纹饰和不规则的条纹网状纹状。破布木属的花粉特征表明,该属花粉在紫草科中既是独特的分类群,又是比较原始的属种。     

Pollen Morphology of Loxostemon (Cruciferae) in China

The present paper deals with the pollen morphology of 10 species and 1 variety of Loxostemon in China. The pollen grains were all examined under light microscope. The pollen grains of Loxostemon are subspheroidal, spheroidal or prolate, 18--33×11.8-28 μ in size, 3-colpate, colpi 15-21 μ long and 1-2 μ wide. The exine is 1.5-3 μ thick with two indistinct or distinct layers. All the pollen grains are generally reticulate under light microscope. They are distinctly or obscurely and finely reticulate. L. axillus and L. repens are generally similar in gross morphology, but the pollen grains of these two species are different. The pollen grains of L. axillus are regularly polygonally reticulate, colpi are acute-ended and the exine is about 3 μ thick, whereas those of L.repens are irregularly polygonally reticulate, colpi are enlarged at both ends and the exine is about 2.8 μ thick. L. incanus and L. stenolobus appear to have similar gross morphology, but the pollen grains of the former have exines with two distinct layers and a densely and finely reticulate ornamentation and those of the latter have exines with two indistinct layers and a flexuosely reticulate ornamentation.