Characteristics of Phytogeochemistry in Copper Mine Area of Hongtou Shan,Liaoning Province

The contents of copper, zinc, lead nickel and cadmium for 322 samples of 44 species growing on copper mine area of Hongtou Shoo were determined. The results showed that the average contents of zinc, nickel, lead, cadmium in dry matter are 51.313 ppm, 1.536 ppm, 0.361 ppm and 0.058 ppm respectively. The variable range of zinc and cad- mium contents is larger, difference between minimum and maximum value is about 30–40 times. Zinc, lead and nickel contents in leaves of xylophyta in dry matter are mostly higher than in branches, but cadmium content of branches in dry matter is higher than leaves. The contents of lead and zinc in plants of minerelization areas are higher than that in non-minerelization areas. The results of correlative analysis showed that the linear regression between the metal contents in plants and soils are significant, for example, Lespedeza bicolor Thalictrum thumbergii, Arundinella hirta et al. It is important in phytogeochemical methods of prospecting for mineral. However, the correlative coefficients between the elements contents in leaves and branches of Quercus liaotungensis and in soils are not obvious. The correlative coefficient of nickel in plants and zinc, lead, cadmium and organic matter contents in soils are mostly negative value, without significant correlation. The results of the principal component analysis showed that the correlation of cadmium and zinc is significant among five elements in the plants. The contributive rate of first principal component is 33.94%, the positive target of the main target constitute is cadmium and zinc.     

深圳市大南山地区铁榄群落研究

对深圳市大南山地区的主要植被进行调查研究。结果表明,铁榄(Sinosideroxylon wightianum)常生长在瘠薄坡地、陡峭沟谷中,是该地区最重要的天然林群落,常组成单优势群落,呈斑块状分布,也是该地区存留的少数次生常绿阔叶林群落之一;大南山地区的铁榄群落有10个主要类型,铁榄是常绿阔叶林植被的主要特征种;大南山地区铁榄群落结构简单,物种分布不均匀,物种多样性指数差异较大;铁榄以Ⅱ级小树为主,兼有Ⅰ级苗木和Ⅲ级壮树,表明铁榄在群落中的优势度仍将保持较长一段时间;铁榄与漆树等物种间的种间联结关系薄弱,表明群落处于群落演替的早期发育阶段。     

上海新江湾地区废弃地低干扰植物群落优势树种的光合生理生态特征

以上海市杨浦区原废弃地(新江湾地区)半自然群落的主要优势树种为对象,测定不同生活型植株在夏季不同生境下叶片的光合特性,从光合生理生态角度分析低干扰条件下上海城市废弃地的植物群落次生演替过程的特点,并结合环境因子分析并预测植物群落结构的动态变化。结果表明:(1)冠层树种光合作用日变化曲线呈双峰型,林窗树种呈单峰型,而林下树种呈不规则变化,体现出亚热带地区植物在夏季典型气候下的"光合午休"现象,而生境特点同时也影响植物光利用对策。(2)冠层成年树以落叶树种刺槐和朴树的日均净光合速率最高,且具有较高的光饱和点;在林下生境中,以强耐阴灌木植物胡颓子的日均净光合速率最高,其次为常绿树种香樟和女贞的幼树和幼苗,而林下落叶树种日均净光合速率均较低。(3)影响冠层树种的净光合速率因子中,生态因子是第一主成分,而对于林窗树种,第一主成分则是生理因子。(4)由于阳性落叶树种具有更高效的光合效率,能迅速占领上层空间,新江湾区域人为低干扰植物群落的演替早期均以扩散能力较强的先锋性树种为主;乔木群落形成后,林下更新苗则以光适应范围较宽的香樟、女贞为主,同时,上层落叶树种大规模自然衰退使得香樟和女贞逐步替代落叶树种。     

湖南德夯河谷特殊生境典型植物群落特征研究

对德夯河谷特殊生境区典型植物群落的研究表明:1)不同群落物种的组成、结构和多样性均存在较大差异,常绿落叶阔叶混交林的物种最多,达74种;常绿落叶阔叶林的乔木种类最为丰富,有20种;次生竹林的物种多样性指数最高,Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度分别为6.70、3.83;2)科层次上,各群落内热带分布科数量明显高于温带分布科;属层次上,温带分布成分进一步发展,各个群落内均以温带性质为主.除自然生境条件的差异外,人类不同强度的干扰可能是造成各群落特征变化的主要原因.     

陕北桥山林区主要木本植物群落种间联结性

该研究基于2×2联列表,分别应用种间联结系数(AC)、Ochai指数(OI)、Jaccard指数(JI)和χ2统计量对陕北南部黄土高原桥山林区16种乔木物种和32种灌木物种间的种间联结性的正负和显著程度进行计算和综合分析,并以半矩阵图表达分析结果。结果显示:(1)乔木中油松与青麸杨、辽东栎与漆树间表现出显著的正联结,而刺槐与其他乔木物种间则多表现为负联结。(2)灌木物种中,槲树和鼠李、水栒子和陕西荚蒾,虎榛子和黄蔷薇、鼠李和卫矛、兴安胡枝子和陕西荚蒾、兴安胡枝子和中华绣线菊有着显著的正联结,且茶条槭与大部分灌木物种有着较为显著的正联结关系。但酸枣、狼牙刺和延安小檗与大多数灌木物种表现出负联结关系。其他物种对之间的联结关系则不甚显著,表明了本区物种之间的联结性大都较为松散。(3)基于种间联结性,划定了本区木本植物的生态种组,其中16种乔木物种被划分为4个组,32种灌木物种被划分为5个组。研究种间联结,还可以为黄土高原区植被的保护和管理提供参考。     

澳门黑沙水库植物群落与主要种类物候特征研究

为探讨澳门路环黑沙水库植物群落与物候特征,采用群落生态学的方法,研究了黑沙水库植物群落种类组成、空间结构、多样性及重点植物物候期。结果表明,在1200 m2样地中有维管植物88种,隶属于47科80属。乔灌层无明显优势树种,草本层中淡竹叶(Lophatherum gracile)具有较显著优势,各层植物分布均匀程度差异小。群落外貌终年常绿,大部分种类各物候期存在重叠现象,萌芽展叶期持续时间长,开花期集中在5-6月,果熟期10-12月最盛。根据乡土植物群落和物候特征,筛选并推荐在澳门及邻近区域可开发的景观植物,为构建生态价值高的植被景观或植被恢复提供参考。     

粤北南方红豆杉植物群落的研究

粤北南方红豆杉珍稀植物群落的样地调查和群落分析表明：（1）种类组成以壳斗科,山茶科,樟科,木兰科,金缕梅科,生亚科,安息香科,山矾科,杜英科等为主,又以热带属占优势（57．9％）,但优势种,建群种以温带属为主（42．1％,个体总重要值之和为50．9％）。（2）种群生活型谱以高位芽占绝对优势（83．2％）,与南亚热带常绿阔叶林相似。（3）群落乔木三亚层结构明显,优势种,建群种的年龄结构以南方红豆杉,枫香,红栲,拟赤杨,甜楮栲,黄山木兰为衰退种群,深山含笑,荷木,亮叶杨桐,青皮木等为增长种群;群落中物种的分布极不均匀,频度小的物种占多数（A级占87．2％）,频度级大小为A＞B＞C＞D＞E,与Raunkiaer频度规律有差异。（4）该群落以南方红豆杉,红栲,枫香的重要值最高,分别为21．38,17．31,16．03,群落平均密度0．44,平均株距1．42,较南亚热带常绿阔叶林的密度小,而林距稍大。     

外源性铜对SD鼠脑内铜稳态与γ-氨基丁酸、谷氨酸含量影响的实验研究

目的：探讨脑内铜稳态与γ-氨基丁酸、谷氨酸含量之间的关联性,了解脑内铜代谢参与神经疾病的作用机制.方法：把实验动物分为8组：对照组,戊巴比妥组,腹腔注射CuCl2组（剂量分别为2 mg/kg、10 mg/kg、50 mg/kg）,CuCl2-戊巴比妥混合组（先腹腔注射CuCl2,再注射戊巴比妥）.检测SD鼠血清和海马内不同形态铜、γ-氨基丁酸和谷氨酸含量.结果：单一铜胁迫下发现随着外源铜升高血清和海马总铜及血清非蛋白结合铜和海马内谷氨酸含量显著升高,在50 mg/kg注射剂量下达到最高（P＜0.02）;海马非蛋白结合铜和神经递质γ-氨基丁酸含量在2 mg/kg注射剂量下达到最高（P＜0.02）,并随着外源铜浓度升高而降低.单一注射戊巴比妥后海马游离铜含量明显降低（P＜0.02）.铜胁迫1小时后注射1％戊巴比妥结果表明,戊巴比妥能明显降低铜胁迫下海马及血清总铜和游离铜含量（P＜0.05）.结论：外源铜能改变体内铜稳态;铜稳态失衡导致神经递质γ-氨基丁酸、谷氨酸含量变化,γ-氨基丁酸含量与非蛋白结合铜呈正相关.     

青海海北地区高山蒿草草甸植物群落生物量动态及能量分配

 对青海海北地区高山草甸主要植物群落小嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)草甸、矮嵩草(K．humilis)草甸、藏嵩草(K．tibetica)沼泽化草甸地上生物量动态和能量分配的研究结果表明,不同植物群落年地上净生产量及其年际动态和主要植物类群生物量季节动态具明显的差异,其生物量季节动态可由如下模型表示： Wi＝Ki/(1+exp(Ai-Bit)) 植物群落地上、地下生物量的垂直分布呈典型的金字塔和倒金字塔模式。小嵩草草甸、矮嵩草草甸和藏嵩草沼泽化草甸的地上净生产量依次为368.4g·m-2·a-1、418.5g·m-2·a-1和518.4g·m-2·a-1,所固定的太阳能值依次为6655.16kJ·m-2·a-1、7610.09kJ·m-2·a-1、9488.77kJ·m-2·a-1。光能利用率分别为0.1097％、0.1256％、0.1568％。     

DCA Ordination,Quantitative Classification and Environmental Interpretation of Plant Communities in Dongling Mountain

Basing on the detrended corespendenee analysis (DCA) , twb-way indicative species analysis (TWINSPAN) and environmental interpretation mathematical models and warm temperate deciduous-broad leaf forest community samples collected from Dongling mountain in Beijing, primary vegetation types and ecological gradients, and their quantitative relations with environmental factors of the region were studied. The data from 26 climate stations in this region were used to get the multivarient regression for estimating the climate information of various warm temperate deciduous-broad leaf forest according to longitude, latitude and altitude of each sample plot. It is shown that the vegetation types of warm temperate deciduous-broad leaf forest and their distribution are mainly determined by the thermal and moisture ( include soil fertility) gradients. In moisture gradients, in mid-montane from drier to moisture there are Spiraea trilobata shrubland-Vitex negundo shrubland-Prunus sibirica shrubland -manmade Pinus tabulaeformis forest-Quercus liaotungensis forest -mixed deciduous-broad leaf forest- Betula dahurica forest; In subalpine from drier to moisture there are meadow-Caragana jubata shrubland-Betula costata forest. In thermal gradients, from warm to cold there are manmade Pinus tabulaeformis forest-Virex negundo shrubland–Quercus liaotungensis forest -Betula dahurica forest-mixed deciduous-broad leaf forest -Spiraea trilobata shrubland -Prunus siberica shrubland -manmade Larix princips forest-Betula platyphylla forest - B. costata forest-subalpine meadow -Caragana jubata shrubiand . Vegetation of Dongling mountain exists 4 polars anal 2 centers, 4 polars are subalpine Caragana jubata shrubland ( drier and cold habitat), mid-low montane Virex negundo shrubland (drier and warm habitat), subalpine B. costata forest (moisture and cold habitat) and mid-montane B. dahurica forest (moisture and warm). Two centers are Quercus liaotungensis forest and mixed deciduous-broad leaf forest (actuality) , and subalpine coniferous forest (the spruce and larch forest, is the potential center). The dominant and indicative plant species are Aconitum sinomontanurn (cold and moisture), Poa botryoides , Dendrantherna zavadskii, Aconiturn kusnezoffii and Carex rigescencs (cold and drier), Maianthemurn bi foliurn and Corylus rnandshurica (warm and moisture) Spiraea trilobata and Prunus siberica (warm and drier). And these species could be indication species for succession, its would indicate the state of pioneer communities. The Plant-geographic mathematical model of DCA axles (1 and 2) and environment factors (climate and soil) have been set up.     

Distribution and Species Diversity of Plant Communities along Transect on the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau

The distribution and species diversity of plant communities along a 600 km transect through the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (32°42′–35°07′ N, 101°02′–97°38′ E) with altitudes from 3255 to 4460 m are described. The transect started from the Youyi Bridge of Banma through Dari, Maqin and Maduo to Zaling Lake. The data from 47 plots along the transect are summarized and analyzed. The mean annual temperature, the mean annual rainfall and the length of growing season decreases from 2.6 to −4.5 °C, from 767.2 to 240.1 mm, from 210 to 140 days, respectively, along the transect from the southeastern Banma to northwestern Zaling Lake. The number of vascular plant species recorded in 47 plots is 242 including 2 tree, 34 shrub, 206 herb species. Main vegetation types on the transect from southeast to northwest are: Sabina convallium forest, Picea likiangensis forest, Pyracantha fortuneana + Spiraea alpina shrub, Hippophae neurocarpu shrub, Sibiraea angustata + Polygonum viviparum shrub, Stellera chamaejasme herb meadow, Potentilla fruticosa + Salix obscura + Carex sp. Shrub, Kobresia capillifolia meadow, P. froticosa + Kobresia humilis shrub, Caragana jubata + S. obscura shrub, Kobresia tibetica meadow, Kobresia pygmaea meadow, K. pygmaea + Stipa purpurea steppe meadow, Stipa purpurea steppe. Plant richness and diversity index all showed a decreasing trend with increasing of elevation along transect from southeast to northwest. Detailed information on altitudinal ranges and distribution of the alpine vegetation, vascular flora and environments over the alpine zone at northeastern Tibetan Plateau provides baseline records relevant to future assessment of probable effects of global climate changes.     

江西省三清山长柄双花木优势群落研究

对世界自然遗产地三清山长柄双花木（D isanthus cercidifolius subsp. longipes）优势群落进行了野外调查和分析,结果表明：三清山长柄双花木优势群落为多优势种并存的中亚热带中山常绿阔叶林群落,乔木层的次优势种不明显。长柄双花木是该群落的关键种之一。在植物区系特征上,该群落优势种既具有温带性质又具中亚热带性质,在整体上表现出温带性质和亚热带性质交汇的特点。群落的物种多样性指数和频度指数为：SP=0.92、SW=4.20、E=0.94、E′=0.79。三清山长柄双花木优势群落与江西官山和湖南千家洞长柄双花木群落相比,三地群落存在一定差异,但三清山长柄双花木群落多样性指数和均匀度均高于另两地。三清山和千家洞的长柄双花木群落结构更相似;官山的长柄双花木群落为山地灌丛,群落结构单一,样地中长柄双花木占绝对优势。通过分析三地气象资料和群落特点,表明不同地区长柄双花木群落的差异与年降水量和年平均日照时数相关,而与年平均气温无直接相关关系。     

青海海北地区高山蒿草草甸植物群落的结构特征及其分布格局

对高山草甸主要植物群落结构特征及其分布格局的研究结果表明,矮嵩草草甸植物群落的丰富度最大,隶属１８科,４３属４５种,呈多优势种植物群落;小嵩草草甸居中,隶属１１科,３０属３５种,小嵩草（Ｋｏｂｒｅｓｉａｐｙｇｍａｅａ）为优势种;藏嵩草沼泽化草甸最小,隶属９科,２１属２３种,藏嵩草（Ｋ．ｔｉｂｅｔｉｃａ）为优势种。其中,有９个种群为３个群落中的共有种,分别占矮嵩草草甸、小嵩草草甸和藏嵩草沼泽化草甸总种数的２０．００％、２５．７１％和３９．１３％。它们在水分资源位上的生态位宽度较大。３个植物群落类型的种－面积关系呈对数曲线分布,群落的最小样方面积为０．２５ｍ２或０．５ｍ２较适宜。种－多度分布呈对数正态分布,其分布模型的表达式如下：Ｓ（Ｒ）＝Ｓ０ｅ－（ａ２Ｒ     

Species Diversity and Floristic Characteristics of Vascular Plants in Nanji Island,Zhejiang Provience

A total of 393 species (sub type included) in 267 genera, 97 families were reported in Nanji Island, the main island of Nanji Islands National Nature Reserve. After eliminating all the cultivated and invasive species, there were still 304 species in 210 genera and 81 families belonging to wild vascular plants; To better understand the floristic characteristics of Nanji, we applied analysis in 3 levels: At family level, the largest families in pteridophyte were ranked as Pteridaceae、Thelypteridaceae、Lygodiaceae、Dryopteridaceae; In seed plants, almost the largest ones were Cosmopolitan, while the small ones dominented the most, quantitatively and proportionately; The characteristic families of seed flora were consisted of Liliaceae、Amaryllidaceae、Urticaceae、Verbenaceae, cause they got high ratio of VFICS/WFIW; At genus level, the Pantropical Distribution (3810%)、the North Temperate Distribution (1630%) and the East Asia distribution (1131%) formed the main part of seed flora; The proportion of the category of temperate distribution and tropical distribution was 6072% and 3928% respectively; Took 6 other sites as reference, through cluster analysis and R/T ratio comparisons, It was proved that Nanji Island were most similar to that of Wuyanling of Zhejiang Provience but showed more tropical affinities; At species level, wild seed plants can also be divided into 9 areal subtypes, The Yangtze River & Southern Proviences sub type dominented at 5390%, following by South China sub type at 2078%. The results showed that Nanji Island had a distinctive transitional characteristics of flora from north to south China with more tropical biological properties, thus the floristic division of Nanji should on the southern margin area of east China.     

Characteristics of Plant Communities and Element Contents in Plants at Mengentaoligai Ag,Pb, Zn Mine area in Inner Mongolia

The types of plant communities in Mengentaoligai mine area are disscussed. Arenaria juncea, densely grown in the phytocommunities of the mineralized zone, is found closely related to the presence of Pb and Zn mineral deposits. Analytical results of seven element contents (in ash) for 34 species (or part of plant) show that: levels of element contents in sequence in. the plants are Fe>Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > Ni>Co; variable ranges of element contents in the plants are Pb, Zn>Fe,Mn> Cu> Co > Ni; and variable ranges of Pb, Zn contents in the same species at different sites are respectively larger than that among species. For example, Pb and Zn contents of Arenaria juncea, l145ppm and 3087ppm respectively, are the highest; the difference among Pb contents of Ulmus macrocarpa, Arenaria ?uncea and PotentiUa chinensis at different sites are more than 10 folds. The difference of Co and Ni contents in the species is less than two to one- Striking correlation is found between elements in plants and in soils, such as the Pb and Zn contents between leaves and twigs of Ulmus macrocarpa, twigs of Prunus sibirica, Artemisia halodendron and soils (lrl≤α 0.05 or≤α 0.01). It is found that Pb and Zn phytogeochemical anomalies, correlate closely with Pb and Zn mining deposits. In addition, analysis of principal component was conducted among seven elements contents of 14 species (or part of plant) in the mineralized zone and 12 species in the unmineralized zone.     

粤北和粤东北若干珍稀濒危野生植物的种群特征

在2000～2007年间野外调查的基础上,用核实法或样方法研究了粤北和粤东北部分山区15个县市的珍稀濒危保护野生植物,计31科40属48种.重点介绍了有新分布区或呈群落状分布的7种植物的种群大小、植株高度、年龄结构等主要特征.其中在平远新发现10株仙湖苏铁野生植株;伯乐树在连州的种群数量达160株,以幼苗为主;在仁化篦子三尖杉达300株;平远半枫荷有100株;任豆新见于清新和始兴,数量1000株以上;和平、河源和蕉岭发现苏铁蕨种群,合计数百株;始兴新发现57株银鹊树.最后分析了这些珍稀濒危植物的濒危等级和致危因素,提出了相应的保护管理策略.     

新疆卡山自然保护区典型水源地植物群落特征及其与土壤因子的关系

该研究通过样方调查法对卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区(卡山自然保护区)水源地植物种类及数量进行统计,利用TWINSPAN和DCA进行植物群落数量分类和排序,并对保护区典型水源地土壤理化性质与植物群落物种多样性指数的相关关系进行CCA分析.结果 表明:(1)卡山自然保护区32个典型水源地调查共记录到15科41属53种...     

三峡库区消涨带植物群落的数量分析

运用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析法(DCA)对三峡库区消涨带植物群落进行了数量分类和排序分析。TWINSPAN将122个样方分成19类,可归为4个植被型,分类结果反映了植物群落与环境梯度间的关系,并在DCA分布图上得到较好的验证。DCA分布图的对角线基本反映了水淹时间长短和土壤湿度高低,表明水淹时间和土壤湿度是该区域植物群落组成和空间分布的主要限制性影响因子。对消涨带不同部位植物群落的物种组成和分布规律的分析为筛选耐水淹物种、进行三峡水库消涨带的植被恢复提供了物种参考。     

不同组成群落3种共有植物光合生理特征研究

为研究物种在不同群落中光合生理特征的变化,以亚高寒草甸围封恢复地为研究对象,对样地内3个不同组成群落进行样方调查,测定了物种高度及各群落垂直方向上光照强度以及群落中3个共有种披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)、刺儿菜(Cirsium setosum)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)的净光合速率(Aarea)、叶片氮含量(Nmass)、比叶重(LMA)及光合氮利用效率(PNUE)。结果表明:(1)3个样地的群落组成有明显的差异,豆科植物的增多可以一定程度上改善群落氮养分状况,但植物叶片Nmass还受到群落优势种竞争的影响。(2)同一物种在不同群落的高度不同,不同群落垂直方向上光照强度也不相同,导致同一物种在不同群落中能够获得的光照强度有一定差异。(3)在养分、光照强度有差异的情况下,不同植物的Aarea、LMA及PNUE在不同群落中的变化趋势不尽相同,而Narea与Aarea的关系在总体上、群落间及物种间变化不大,基本上显示了较强的正相关关系。由此可见,群落组成、结构引起的光照及氮素差异是导致同一物种光合生理特征在不同群落中变化的重要因素,但不同物种光合生理特征对光照及氮素变化的响应不同。     

拉鲁湿地主要植物群落结构及物种多样性

2002年6~9月对拉鲁湿地植物种类、群落结构、生物量以及物种多样性进行了调查研究.结果表明:(1)拉鲁湿地共有植物30科52属85种,主要有芦苇[Phragmites australis(Cav.)Trin.ex Steud.](A)、尼伯尔酸模(RumexnepalensisSpreng)(B)、水葱(Scirpus validusVahl)(C)、穗状狐尾藻(MyriophyllumspicatumL.)(D)、灯芯草(Juncus effususL.)(E)、针叶苔草(CarexonoeiFranch.et Sav.)和黑褐苔草(CarexatrofuscaSchkuhr)(F)、藏北嵩草(KobresialittledaleiC.B.Clarke)(G)、藏蓟[Cirsiumlanatum(Roxb.ex Willd.)Spreng.](H)等8个主要植物群落.(2)在8个主要植物群落中,嵩草群落所含物种数最多,为44种,穗状狐尾藻群落最少,仅8种;芦苇群落生物量最高,为124.5~1 027.0 g/m2,藏蓟群落生物量最低,为124.5~220.5 g/m2;优势种芦苇的生物量最高,为183.5~660.0 g/m2,藏蓟生物量最低,为43.1~76.3 g/m2.(3)各群落的垂直结构特点是:芦苇群落、水葱群落、穗状狐尾藻群落具有挺水层、浮叶层和沉水层,其他群落只具有可分为高、低两层的草本层.(4)在各群落的相似性方面,嵩草群落与藏蓟群落、水葱群落与芦苇群落和尼伯尔酸模群落的相似性要明显高于其他群落,其Jaccard系数分别为0.549 0、0.538 5、0.500 0;芦苇群落、尼伯尔酸模群落、水葱群落、穗状狐尾藻群落与藏蓟群落以及芦苇群落、穗状狐尾藻群落与嵩草群落在建群种上没有相似之处,Jaccard系数为0.