女贞果实及种子的化学成分

女贞子为木犀科植物女贞 (ＬｉｇｕｓｔｒｕｍｌｕｃｉｄｕｍＡｉｔ.)的果实 ,有滋补肝肾、明目乌发等功效 ,主治眩晕耳鸣、腰膝酸软、须发早白和目暗不明等症 ,女贞子主产江苏、浙江、福建、湖南、广东、广西、江西和四川等省区 ,资源丰富。女贞的化学成分已有报道[1,2 ] ,作者对其全果及种子的化学成分进行较全面分析 ,旨在为其综合开发利用提供科学依据。1　材料和方法1 1　材料和仪器女贞子 2 0 0 0年 11月至 2 0 0 1年 3月分批采自福建省福州市建新郊区、仓山长安山和永泰方广岩。石油醚 (30～6 0℃ )和乙醇等均为分析纯 (上海生化制品…     

小鱼仙草化学成分及资源开发利用研究

对不同产地的小鱼仙草全草精油主要化学成分 :香荆芥酚、百里香酚、β 石竹烯、侧柏酮、异胡薄荷酮、1 ,8 桉叶油素的含量进行对比分析。研究结果表明 :不同地域间植物精油的化学成分存在一定的遗传相似性及差异性 ;不同产地精油含量在不同生育期有一定变化规律。此外 ,种子含丰富的氨基酸 (1 3 .96% )和种类齐全的矿质元素 ;种子油含大量人体必需的亚麻酸 (67.3 6% )和亚油酸 (1 5 .1 2 % )等不饱和脂肪酸 ;全草总黄酮含量为 1 .76%～ 4.1 5 %。为此 ,小鱼仙草的种子和种子油具有较高的营养价值和药用功效 ,其植物资源在食品、香精香料和医药领域具有潜在开发利用的前景。     

Chemical Studies on the Essential Oils of Foeniculum vulgare

Twenty seven chemical constituents of oils from sweet leaves, flowers and fruits of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. are examined by GC and GC-MS with both different chromatographic columns. They are 1,1-diethoxyethane, α-thujene, α-pinene, camphene, sabinene, β-pinene, myrcene, α- phellandrene, p-cymene, limonene, cineole, γ-terpinene, fenchone, camphor, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, estragole, verbenone, fenchol acetate, carveol, trans-fenchol acetate, carvone, anethole, anisaldehyde, trans-anethole, methoxyphenyl acetone and benzoic acid, 4-methoxy-, othylester. The limonene is 57.8% in the essential oil from leaves, 34.2% from flowers, 13.1% from fruits, The trans-anethole is 21.8% in the essential oil from leaves, 41.2% from flowers, 63.4% from fruits.     

细风轮菜种子化学成分研究

对细风轮菜种子化学成分的研究表明,种子含大量脂肪油(23.25%),油中含大量不饱和脂肪酸:亚麻酸(66.929%)、亚油酸(21.813%)、油酸(4.596%),总量达93.338%。此外,种子还含18种氨基酸和18种矿质元素。因此,种子和种子油具有较高营养价值和药用保健功效。     

超临界CO_2萃取韭菜籽油成分的GC-MS分析

以索氏提取法为对照,采用超临界二氧化碳(SC-CO_2)萃取韭菜籽油,气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对韭菜籽油成分进行分析,NIST 02质谱数据库对其进行分析和鉴定.结果表明,SC-CO_2萃取压力为22.25 MPa、温度为40.40℃条件下萃取86.7 min时,萃取得率为17.52%,共分离鉴定出17种物质,其中,饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸(6.25%)为主,占脂肪酸总量的 9.05%;不饱和脂肪酸主要是亚油酸(69.71%)和油酸(19.53%),占脂肪酸总量的90.50%.采用索氏提取得率为16.50%,共鉴定出10种物质,饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸(7.22%)为主,占总脂肪酸量的9.84%;不饱和脂肪酸主要是亚油酸(69.34%)和油酸(20.12%),不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的90.16%.另外SC-CO_2萃取韭菜籽油还检出单不饱和脂肪酸7-棕榈烯酸、角鲨烯和β-谷甾醇.     

Myrtus communis berry color morphs: a comparative analysis of essential oils, fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities

Extracts of mature dark blue and white berries from two Tunisian Myrtus communis morphs growing at the same site were assessed for their essential‐oil and fatty‐acid compositions, phenolic contents, and antioxidant activities. The GC and GC/MS analyses of the essential oils allowed the identification of 33 constituents. The oils from the dark blue fruits showed high percentages of α‐pinene (11.1%), linalool (11.6%), α‐terpineol (15.7%), methyl eugenol (6.2%), and geraniol (3.7%). Myrtenyl acetate (20.3%) was found to be the major compound in the oils from white berries. GC Analysis of the pericarp and seed fatty acids showed that the polyunsaturated fatty acids constituted the major fraction (54.3–78.1%). The highest percentages of linoleic acid (78.0%) and oleic acid (20.0%) were observed in the seeds and the pericarps of the white fruits, respectively. The total phenol, flavonoid, and flavonol contents and the concentration of the eight anthocyanins, identified by HPLC analysis, were significantly higher in the dark blue fruits. All extracts showed a substantial antioxidant activity, assessed by the free radical‐scavenging activity and the ferric reducing power, with the dark blue fruit extracts being more effective.     

黄蜀葵种子形态及其化学成分的研究

本文报道了黄蜀葵种子的形态特征和化学成分。研究结果表明 :种子含有脂肪油 ,含量为31 16 % ,其主要成分为 :亚油酸 (82 179% )、油酸 (9 195 % )、棕榈酸 (4 75 6 % )、硬脂酸 (2 6 81% )、亚麻酸 (0 32 8% )等 ,此外 ,还含有 18种氨基酸和 2 4种矿质元素。其种子含有多种氨基酸和矿质元素 ,而且种子油含有大量人体所必需的不饱和脂肪酸 ,含量达 91 815 %。因此 ,其种子和种子油具有较高的营养价值和医疗保健功效 ,具有潜在开发利用的价值。     

Essential oils in the ranunculaceae family: chemical composition of hydrodistilled oils from Consolida regalis, Delphinium elatum, Nigella hispanica, and N. nigellastrum seeds

In this study, we analyzed the chemical composition of volatile oils hydrodistilled from seeds of Consolida regalis, Delphinium elatum, Nigella hispanica, and N. nigellastrum using GC and GC/MS. In C. regalis, octadecenoic (77.79%) and hexadecanoic acid (8.34%) were the main constituents. Similarly, the oils from D. elatum and N. hispanica seeds consisted chiefly of octadecadienoic (42.83 and 35.58%, resp.), hexadecanoic (23.87 and 28.59%, resp.), and octadecenoic acid (21.67 and 19.76%, resp.). Contrastingly, the monoterpene hydrocarbons α-pinene (34.67%) and β-pinene (36.42%) were the main components of N. nigellastrum essential oil. Our results confirm the presence of essential oils in the family Ranunculaceae and suggest chemotaxonomical relationships within the representatives of the genera Consolida, Delphinium, and Nigella. In addition, the presence of various bioactive constituents such as linoleic acid, (-)-β-pinene, squalene, or carotol in seeds of D. elatum, N. hispanica, and N. nigellastrum indicates a possible industrial use of these plants.     

Distillation Time as Tool for Improved Antimalarial Activity and Differential Oil Composition of Cumin Seed Oil

A steam distillation extraction kinetics experiment was conducted to estimate essential oil yield, composition, antimalarial, and antioxidant capacity of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seed (fruits). Furthermore, regression models were developed to predict essential oil yield and composition for a given duration of the steam distillation time (DT). Ten DT durations were tested in this study: 5, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 360, 480, and 600 min. Oil yields increased with an increase in the DT. Maximum oil yield (content, 2.3 g/100 seed), was achieved at 480 min; longer DT did not increase oil yields. The concentrations of the major oil constituents α-pinene (0.14–0.5% concentration range), β-pinene (3.7–10.3% range), γ-cymene (5–7.3% range), γ-terpinene (1.8–7.2% range), cumin aldehyde (50–66% range), α-terpinen-7-al (3.8–16% range), and β-terpinen-7-al (12–20% range) varied as a function of the DT. The concentrations of α-pinene, β-pinene, γ-cymene, γ-terpinene in the oil increased with the increase of the duration of the DT; α-pinene was highest in the oil obtained at 600 min DT, β-pinene and γ-terpinene reached maximum concentrations in the oil at 360 min DT; γ-cymene reached a maximum in the oil at 60 min DT, cumin aldehyde was high in the oils obtained at 5–60 min DT, and low in the oils obtained at 240–600 min DT, α-terpinen-7-al reached maximum in the oils obtained at 480 or 600 min DT, whereas β-terpinen-7-al reached a maximum concentration in the oil at 60 min DT. The yield of individual oil constituents (calculated from the oil yields and the concentration of a given compound at a particular DT) increased and reached a maximum at 480 or 600 min DT. The antimalarial activity of the cumin seed oil obtained during the 0–5 and at 5–7.5 min DT timeframes was twice higher than the antimalarial activity of the oils obtained at the other DT. This study opens the possibility for distinct marketing and utilization for these improved oils. The antioxidant capacity of the oil was highest in the oil obtained at 30 min DT and lowest in the oil from 360 min DT. The Michaelis-Menton and the Power nonlinear regression models developed in this study can be utilized to predict essential oil yield and composition of cumin seed at any given duration of DT and may also be useful to compare previous reports on cumin oil yield and composition. DT can be utilized to obtain cumin seed oil with improved antimalarial activity, improved antioxidant capacity, and with various compositions.     

白花益母草种子的化学成分分析

对白花益母草种子的化学成分进行分析,结果表明,种子油含有大量人体必需的不饱和脂肪酸,其主要成分为：亚油酸（42．60％）、亚麻酸（30．22％）、油酸（20．28％）等,此外种子还含有18种氨基酸和24种矿质元素和蛋白质等成分。其种子和种子油具有较高的营养价值和药用功效。     

锦鸡儿属分析生物地理学的研究

将锦鸡儿属（Caragana）植物分布区划分成13个。在分支系统学基础上,进行了分布区的成分分析。以种类和系为分布特征,进行分布区的聚类分析和最小生成树分析。分布区分支图、表征图和最小生成树从不同方面表达了分布区的关系。锦鸡儿属的分布区被分成东亚和古地中海两大部分。其中分别来自这两部分的前苏联远东-我国东北与阿尔泰-萨彦岭分布区有密切关系。基于分布区分支图,属的分布区分别由这两个分布区衍生,同时结合属的种系发生关系,推断本属可能起源于东西伯利亚,时间为第三纪中新世末-上新世。生态适应上,分类群是由东部温带中生性类型向西部旱化和寒化方向发展的。     

Chemical composition and in vitro schistosomicidal activity of the essential oil of Plectranthus neochilus grown in Southeast Brazil

The chemical composition and the in vitro schistosomicidal effects of the essential oil of Plectranthus neochilus (PN-EO) grown in Southeast Brazil was studied. β-Caryophyllene (1; 28.23%), α-thujene (2; 12.22%), α-pinene (3; 12.63%), β-pinene (4; 6.19%), germacrene D (5; 5.36%), and caryophyllene oxide (6; 5.37%) were the major essential oil constituents. This chemical composition differed from that previously reported for specimens harvested in Africa. Concerning the in vitro schistosomicidal activity against adult Schistosoma mansoni worms, PN-EO was considered to be active, but less effective than the positive control praziquantel (PZQ) in terms of separation of coupled pairs, mortality, decrease in the motor activity, and tegumental alterations. However, PN-EO caused an interesting dose-dependent reduction in the number and the percentage of developed S. mansoni eggs. These results suggest that PN-EO might be very promising for the development of new schistosomicidal agents.     

Dr. Alfred Jeske 75 jahre

The chemical composition, phytotoxic and antifungal activities of the essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the needles of Tunisian Aleppo pine harvested from different provenances were evaluated. The chemical composition analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed variability among provenances displaying interesting chemotypes, (Z)-caryophyllene (16.16–28.9%), β-myrcene (8.5–22.9%), α-pinene (11.7–13.14%), β-pinene (3.13–11.8%), bicyclogermacrene (5.2–12.37%), α-terpinolene (8.11–11.01%) and α-humulene (2.85–5.2%), which were the main components in the oil. Antifungal ability of Aleppo pine oils was tested by disc agar diffusion against 10 phytopathogenic fungi. Weak antifungal activity was observed for the essential oils isolated. Furthermore, in contrast, the herbicidal activity investigated for three common weeds in Tunisian cereal crops was very strong and seed germination was inhibited at a low concentration and their herbicidal effects were higher than those of a commercial herbicide.     

鸭儿芹根、茎、叶挥发油的化学成分

采用水蒸气蒸溜法提取其根、茎、叶中的挥发油,利用GC-MS联用仪对其化学成分进行分析,以归一化法计算各个化学成分的相对含量.鸭儿芹根挥发油中共分离出11个峰,鉴定出11种化合物,占总离子峰的98.61％,主要成分为α-芹子烯、γ-芹子烯等;茎中共分离出25个峰,鉴定出25种化合物,占总离子峰的100.00％,主要成分为...     

唇形科益母草等7种植物果实化学成分分析及形态特征

益母草、白花益母草、紫苏、野紫苏、小鱼仙草、石荠苎和细风轮菜系唇形科常见的药用植物。常生于路旁、沟边及空旷草地 ,民间也有广泛栽培。分布于广东、广西、湖南、湖北、云南、贵州、浙江、安徽、福建等省区。益母草、白花益母草民间全草入药 ,有活血调经、去痰生津的功效 ,果实称茺蔚子。用于月经不调 ,产后子宫出血及复位不全等症 [14 ]。野紫苏和紫苏的果实有镇咳、平喘和祛痰的功效 ,用于治疗咳嗽气喘、肠热便秘等症 [3 ] 。小鱼仙草用于治疗感冒头痛 ,胃炎 ,肾积水等症。石荠苎全草入药 ,用于治疗胃炎 ,慢性气管炎和肺积水等症[1] …     

用GC-MS分析不同采收和贮存时期的麻疯树种子油的脂肪酸

将采收于青果期、黄果期、黑果期及储存1a、2a的麻疯树种子提油,测定其理化性质,并利用GC-MS分析这5个不同时期的种子所提取的麻疯树种子油成分。结果表明:5个油样的水分、酸值、出油率有较大差异,主要化学成分、碘值、皂化值差异不大。青果的出油率为13.13%,水分为0.66%,酸值为69.21,不饱和脂肪酸含量最低。新采成熟果实的出油率为54.64%,水分为0.36%,酸值为1.51,不饱和脂肪酸含量也相对较高。因此,新采的成熟果实较为适合作生物柴油的原料。     

滨海前胡不同部位挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取滨海前胡Peucedanum japonicum根、茎叶、花及果实中挥发油,使用GC-MS分析挥发油并鉴定其化学成分,比较不同部位挥发油的化学成分及含量差异。结果显示,从根、茎叶、花和果实挥发油中分别鉴定出58、36、40和45种化学成分, 分别占各部位挥发油总量的95.60%、98.03%、95.82%和95.36%。四个部位共鉴定出79个化学成分, 其中有相同化合物20种,主要成分为α-侧柏烯、α-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、β-蒎烯等。     

Studies on the Components of the Essential oil from Adcnosma indianum (Lour.) Merr

This paper presents the chemical constituents of the essential oil of Adenosma indianum (Lour.) Merr. by GC and GC/MS/DS. Fivty-four components which were isolated and quantified. Thirtyfive components have been identified. The main components are α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, p-cymene, 1,4-cineol, linalool, fenchone, o-methylanisole and δ-guaiene.     

罗勒籽脂肪酸及其对蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶1B(PTP1B)抑制作用的研究

利用索氏提取法提取罗勒籽油,向罗勒籽油加入氢氧化钾甲醇溶液后并用水浴加热,加入正已烷和蒸馏水萃取,上清液即为罗勒籽油中脂肪酸,用气相色谱质谱法(CC/MS)对脂肪酸进行鉴定.共鉴定出了4种脂肪酸,其中α-亚麻酸为62.88％、亚油酸为20.66％、棕榈酸为10.67％、硬脂酸为5.79％.对罗勒籽脂肪酸进行PTP1B的抑制作用研究,结果表明脂肪酸对PTP1B有较强的抑制作用,其IC50为11.12 μg/mL.该研究为深入研究罗勒籽的药理作用提供了科学依据.     

Essential oil variation in Calyptranthes spruceana

Two chemical races in Calyptranthes spruceana were examined. One of them contains limonene, geranial and perillaldehyde as the main constituents of its essential oil. The other is shown to contain α-pinene, β-pinene, neral and geranial as its major oil components.