甘肃萱草属植物的核型研究

本文研究了甘肃萱草属6种、1变种的染色体核型;黄花菜K(2n)=22=12m+10sm(2SAT);小黄花菜K(2n)=22=10m+12sm;北萱草K(2n)=22=8m+14sm;北黄花菜K(2n)=22=14m+6sm+2st;萱草K(2n)=22=12m+8sm+2st;重瓣萱草K(2n)=33=18m+12sm+3st:折叶萱草K(2n)=22=10m+10sm+2st。以上核型可自然地分成两大类群,第一类群包括小黄花菜、北萱草、黄花菜;第二类群包括折叶萱草、萱草、重瓣萱草、北黄花菜。     

对苞萱草的核型研究

本文报道用光学显微镜观察对苞萱草Ｈｅｍｅｒｏｃａｌｉｓｆｕｌｖａ（Ｌ．）Ｌ．ｖａｒ．ｏｐ ｐｏｓｉｔｉｂｒａｃｔｅａｔａＨ．ＫｏｎｇｅｔＣ．Ｊ．Ｗａｎｇ,ｖａｒ．ｎｏｖ．的染色体,按全国第一次植物染色体学术讨论会建议的标准进行核型分析。研究结果表明,对苞萱草体细胞染色体数目２ｎ＝２２,核型公式ｋ（２ｎ）＝２２＝１２ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ,属于Ｓｔｅｂｂｉｎｓ核型的２Ｂ型。甘肃萱草属植物的核型可分为两大类群,对苞萱草的核型属于第二类群。对苞萱草与萱草Ｈ．ｆｕｌｖａ（Ｌ．）Ｌ．的核型较接近,为新变种的确立提供了细胞学方面的依据。     

五种苏铁属植物的核形态

报道了苏铁属（Cycas L.)5种植物的染色体数目和核型,除多歧苏铁外,其他种均为首次报道。5个种的体细胞中期染色体核型公式分别为：滇南苏铁C.diannanensis K(2n)=2x=22=2m 4sm 4st 12T;潭清苏铁C.tanqingii K(2n)=2x=22=2m 8sm 2st 10T;多歧苏的Cmultipinnata K(2n)=2x=22=4m 8st 2st 8T;巴兰萨苏铁C.balansae K(2n)=2x=xx=2m 4sm 6st 10T。石山苏铁C.miquelii K(2n)=22=2m 6sm(1SAT) 4st 10T;核型均属于3B型。本研究结果支持苏铁属植物的核型从不对称进化的观点;同时,支持将巴兰萨苏铁和石山苏铁归入攀枝花苏铁组的台湾苏铁亚组的观点。     

子午岭产4种百合科植物的核型多样性研究

对子午岭产百合科黄精属大苞黄精（Ｐ．ｍｅｇａｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ）、玉竹（Ｐ．ｏｄｏｒａｔｕｍ）,百合属的细叶百合（Ｌ．ｐｕｍｉｌｕｍ）,葱属的糙葶韭（Ａ．ａｎｉｓｏｐｏｄｉｕｍ）４种植物进行了染色体研究。其染色体数目和核型分别为：玉竹２ｎ（２ｘ）＝２０＝１２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋８ｓｍ,核型为２Ｂ型;大苞黄精２ｎ（２ｘ）＝２２＝４ｍ＋１２ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ,核型为３Ｂ型;细叶百合２ｎ（２ｘ）＝２４＝４ｍ＋１０ｓｔ     

长毛红山茶和长尾红山茶的核型分析

<正> 长毛红山茶(Camelliav uillosa Chang et S.Y.Liang)和长尾红山茶(C.longicaudata Chang et S.Y.Liang)均为张宏达教授定的新种,分别隶属于山茶属(Camellia)红山茶组(Sect.Camellia)的滇山茶亚组(Subsect.Reficulala)和光果红山茶亚组(Subsect.Lucidissima),前者分布在我国的湖南、广西和贵州,后者分布在广东和广西。 红山茶组共有33个种、1个亚种,7个变种。根据文献资料统计,该组作过染色体计数的有10个种,1个亚种和6个变种,作过核型分析的有4个种、1个亚种和2个变种。本文对该组的长毛红山茶和长尾红山茶的核型作首次报道,并与该组的10个种,1个亚种和6个变种的染色体数目或核型作了比较。     

Karyotype Analysis of 5 Species of Polygonatum Mill.

The present paper reports the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of five species in Polygonatum from Anhui of China. The materials used in this work are listed in Table 1, Photomicrographs of somatic metaphase and karyograms of the five species of Polygonatum in Plate 1, 2, 3, the idiograms in Fig. 1-11 and a comparison of the karyotype of them is provided in Table 2. The results are shown as follows: 1. Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.)Druce Two materials were examined. One from Mt. Huangshan, Anhui, has 2n= 16 = 10m (3sc)+ 6sm (Plate 1 :A, B). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 1. The chromosomes range in length from 2.85 to 8.85 μm, with the total length 48.63μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.11, The karyotype belong to Stebbins’(1971) 2B. The two chromosomes of the first pair have arm ratios 1.01 and 1.29 respectively, and The first pair has one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the short arm, showing heterozyosity .The chromosome num ber of 2n= 16 in P. odoratum and its karyotype are reported for the first time. The other from Langyashan, Chu - xian, Anhui, is found to have 2n = 18 = 10m (Isc)+2sm+6st(2sc) (Plate 1: C, D). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 2. The chromosomes range in length from 2.43 to 8.29μm, with the total length 46.67µm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.41. The karyotype is also of 2B. In a somatic chromosome complement the 2nd pair have one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm, showing heterozygosity. 2. Polygonatum filipes Merr. Two materials were examined. One from the Huangshan, Anhui is found to have two cytotypes: 2n= 16 and 2n=22. This paper reports one of them. The karyotype formula is 2n=22=8m+8sm(2sc)+6st(Plate 3: Q, R). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 3. The chromosomes range in length from 2.55- 5.85μm, with the total length 45.01 μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.29. The karyotype belongs to 3B. The other material from the Fangchang, Anhui, is shown to have four cytitypes: 2n= 14, 2n= 16, 2n=20 (Plate 3: W) and 2n=22. This paper reports two of them. Type I: the karytype formula is 2n=14=10m+4sm (Plate 3: S, T). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 5. The chromosomes range in length from 2.59 to 7.61μm, the total length 37.44μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest is 2.94. the karyotype belongs to 2B. Type II :The karyotype formula is 2n=16=8m+4sm+4st (Plate 3: U, V). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 4. The chromosomes range in length from 2.65 to 8.21 μm, the total length 46.01 μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.10. The karyotype belongs to 2B. The chromosome numbers of 2n=20, 2n= 14 and 2n=22, and karyotype of 2n= 14 and 2n=22 in P. filipes are reported for the first time. 3. Polygonatum cytonema Hua Two materials were examined. One from the Langyashan, Chuxian, anhui, is found to have 2n = 18 = 8m (2sc)+ 6sm+ 4st (Plate 2: K, L). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 7. The chromosomes range in length from 3.41 to 9.21 μm, the total length 56.34μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest is 2.70. The karyotype belongs to 2B. The other material from the Huangshan, Anhui, has two cytotypes: 2n=20 and 2n= 22. Type I: The karyotype formula is 2n= 20= 8m+ 6sm+ 6st (Plate 2: M, N). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 8. The chromosomes range in length from 1.75 to 5.03μm, with the total length 32. 91μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2. 87. The karyotype is also of 2B. Type II: The karyotype formula is 2n=22=6m+ 8sm+4st+ 4t (Plate 2: O, P ). The idiogram is Shown in Fig. 10. The chromosomes range in length from 1.75 to 4.95 μm, with total length 35.05μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.83. The karyotype brlongs to 3B. 4. Polygonatum desoulayi kom. The material from Xuancheng, Anhui, is found to have karyotype 2n = 22 = 10m (2sc) + 6sm (lsc) + 6st ( Plate 2. I, J). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 6. The chromosomes range in length from 1.86 to 5.61μm, with the total length 41.98μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.02. The karyotype is also of 3B. The first pair has one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm, showing heterozygosity. The chromosome number and karyotype of Chinese material are reported for the first time. 5. Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. The material from the Langyashan, Chuxian, Anhui is found to have two cytotypes. Type 1: the karyotype formula is 2n = 18 = 2m+ 2sm+ 10st+ 2t+ 2T (Plate 1: G, H). The idiogram is shown in Fig.9. The chromosomes range in length from 1.86 to 4.03μm, with total length 28.28μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.17. The karyotype classification belongs to 3B. Type II: The karyotype formula is 2n=24=6m+4sm+12st+2T (Plate 1: E, F). The idiogram is shown in Fig. II. The chromosomes range in length from 2.01 to 5.03μm, with total length 41.36μm and the ratio of longest to shortest 2.50. The karyotype is also of 3B. The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of Chinese material are reported for the first time.     

辽宁地区产6种乌头(Aconitum)的细胞分类学研究

对我国辽宁地区毛莨科(Ranunculaceae)乌头属(Aconitum) 6个种的染色体的数目和形态进行了研究,并进行了核型分析。其染色体基数为X=8,核型公式为:两色乌头:2n=2x=2m+10sm+4st;蛇岛乌头为:2n=4x=10m+20sm(SAT)+2st+2B;黄花乌头为:2n=4x=4m+12sm(SAT)+8st+1B;北乌头三倍体为:2n=3x=2M+4m+18sm;北乌头4倍体为2n=4x=4m+28sm。同时,对乌头属下某些种的分类学问题进行了探讨。     

Studies on the Karyotype of 5 Samples of Allium Sect. Bromatorrhiza Ekberg

The karyotypes of 5 samples in Allium Sect. Bromatorrhiza Ekberg were analysed in this paper. In Allium wallichii Kunth, the first sample is a diploid, with genome formula is AA and karyotype formula is K(2n)=2x=14=2m(SAT)+2m+10sm. The second is an autotetraploid, with genome formula AAAA, karyotype formul K(2n)=4x=28=2m(SAT)+6m+20sm. These two karyotypes belong to “3A”. The two karyotypes of A. wallichii Kunth are similar in morphology, though different in ploidy. In Allium hookeri Thwaites, the first sample is a dibasic autoallotriploid. Its genome formula is AAB₁; the basic number of the genome A is 7 and that of the genome B₁ is 8. The karyotype formula is K(2n)=2x+x'=22=(12sm+2t)+(1m+4sm+1st+2t). The second is also an autoallotriploid. The genomes in pairs are similar to those in the first sample in size and morphology of chromosomes. However, the unpaired genome differs from the first one apparently. Therefore, its genome formula is AAB₂, and karyotype formula is K(2n)=2x+ x'=22=(12sm+2t)+(3m+1sm+2st+2t). The third is doubling of the first karyotype. It is an autoallohexaploid, with genome formula AAAAB₁ B₁ and karyotype formula K(2n)=4x+2x'= 44= (24sm+4t) + (2m+8sm+2st+4t). These three karyotypes belong to “3A”.     

山东10种植物的核型分析

对山东１０ 种植物进行了核型分析。茴茴蒜（ Ｒａｎｕｎｃｕｌｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｂｇｅ－） 染色体数目２ｎ ＝１６ , 核型公式Ｋ（２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ ＝ １６ ＝ ２ Ｍ ＋ ２ｍ ＋ ２ｓｍ ＋ １０ｓｔ, “３Ａ”类型; 五脉地椒（ Ｔｈｙｍｕｓｑｕｉｎｑｕｅｃｏｓｔａｔｕｓ Ｃｅｌａｋ－） 染色体数目２ｎ＝ ２６ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ＝ ２６ ＝ ８ Ｍ ＋ １８ｍ , “１Ａ”类型; 蛇床（ Ｃｎｉｄｉｕｍ ｍｏｎｎｉｅｒｉ（Ｌ－） Ｃｕｓｓ－） 染色体数目２ｎ＝ ２０ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ＝ ２０ ＝ ２Ｍ＋ １６ｍ ＋ ２ｓｍ , “２Ｂ”类型; 波斯菊（ Ｃｏｓｍｏｓ ｂｉｐｉｎｎａｔｕｓ Ｃａｖ－） 染色体数目２ｎ ＝ ２４ , 核型公式Ｋ（２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ ＝ ２４ ＝ １６ｍ ＋ ２ｍ （ｓａｔ） ＋ ６ｓｍ , “２Ａ”类型; 白车轴草（ Ｔｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍ ｒｅｐｅｎｓ Ｌ－） 染色体数目２ｎ＝ ３２ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ４ｘ ＝ ３２ ＝ ３２ｍ , “１Ａ”类型; 铁苋菜（ Ａｃａｌｙｐｈａ ａｕｓｔｒａｌｉｓ Ｌ－）染色体数目２ｎ ＝ ３２ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ＝ ３２ ＝ ３２ｍ , “１Ｂ”类型; 地构叶（ Ｓｐｅｒａｎｓｋｉａ ｔ?     

Studies on the Origin of the Traditional Chinese Drug Fuxiong and Its Relationships with Ligusticum chuanxiong and L. sinense

The vegetative characters of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. cv. Fuxiong are described in comparison with L. chuanxiong Hort. and L. sinense Oliv. The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of the three taxa were studied in root tip cells by Feulgen’s squash method. Their karyotypes are determined as follows: L. chuanxiong, K(2n)=22=16 m+ 4sm+2st (sat); L. chuanxiong cv. Fuxiong, K(2n)=33=24 m+6sm+3st (sat); L. sinense, K(2n)=22=12 m+6sm+2sm (sat)+2st (sat). The karyotypic similarities are found between L. chuanxiong and its cultivariety, butthe former is a diploid while the latter probably is a homologous triploid.     

Karyotype Analysis of Eight Species of Polygonatum Mill.

Meiosis and mitosis of eight species of Polygonatum from Sichuan, China, were investigated. Ten bivalents (n=10) at meiosis of pollen mother cells were observed ih P. odoratum (Mill.) Druce. Meiotic observation on pollen mother cells in P. punctatum Royle ex Kunth shows 16 bivalents (n=16) at diakinesis, P. kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. 13 bivalents (n=13) at diakinesis. P. zanlanscianense Pamp. 15 bivalents (n=15) in MI, P. cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle 28 bivalents at diakinesis. Somatic chromosomes were observed in root tip cells. The karyotype formulae are as follows: P. odoratum (Mill.) Druce K(2n)=20=4st+6sm+10m; P. cyrtonema Hua K(2n)=20=6sm+14m; P. punctatum Royle ex Kunth K(2n)=32=2t+8st+ 2sm+20m; P. kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. K(2n)=26=8st(2SAT)+14sm+4m; P. alternicirrhosum Hand.-Mzt. K(2n)=32=6st+8sm+18m(2SAT); P. zanlanscianense Pamp. K(2n)=30= 2t+6st+6sm+16m(2SAT); P. sibiricum Delar. ex Redouté K(2n)=24=2t+14st(2SAT)+6sm +2m; P. cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle K(2n)=56=18st+10sm+28m. The karyotypes of P. punctatum, P. kingianum, P. alternicirrhosum and P. cirrhifolium are reported for the first time. Both the chromosome number and structure in our materials are certainly different from thoses in previous reports. Of numerical variation polyploidy and aneuploidy have been recorded, and aneuploidy is frequent. According to degree of asymmetry of the karyotype, the 8 species are divided into three types: 2B, 3B, 2C. The increasing asymmetry is correlated with the increasing of the chromosome number. There are no obvious differences in chromosome number and karyotype between Alternifolia Baker and Verticillate Baker. They are not two natural groups. This opinion is different from that of Therman and Suomalainen.     

中国东北蒿属龙蒿组植物核型研究

报道了东北蒿属龙蒿组10个分类群植物的核型。核型公式分别为:龙蒿(Artemisia dracunculus L.)(2n)=4x=36=28m+8sm;猪毛蒿(A. scoparia Waldst.et Kit.(2n)=2x=16=12m+4sm;盐蒿(A. halodendron Turcz.ex Bess.)(2n)=4x=36=30m+4sm+2st;光沙蒿(A. oxycephala Kitag. var. oxycephala)(2n)=4x=36=28m+6sm+2st;兴凯光沙蒿(A. oxycephala Kitag. var. xingkaiensis G.Y.Zhang)(2n)=4x=36=28m+6sm+2st;山海光沙蒿(A. oxycephala Kitag. var. shanhaiensis G.Y.Zhang)(2n)=4x=36=2M+28m+4sm+2st;太阳光沙蒿(A. oxycephala Kitag. var. taiyangensis G.Y.Zhang)(2n)=4x=36=28m+6sm+2st;柔毛蒿(A. pubescens Ledeb. var. pubescens)(2n)=4x=36=28m+6sm+2st;大头柔毛蒿(A. pubescens Ledeb. var. gebleriana(Bess.)Y.R.Lin)(2n)=4x=36=28m+6sm+2st;塔河柔毛蒿(A. pubescens Ledeb. var. taheensis G.Y.Zhang)(2n)=4x=36=28m+6sm+2st;核型类型均为2A型。     

青藏高原毛茛科3种特有植物核型和进化研究

对青藏高原高山冰缘地区毛茛科３种特有植物的核型进行了分析。它们的核型公式（Ｋ）、染色体相对长度组成（Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．）和核型不对称系数（Ａｓ．Ｋ％）分别为：青藏金莲花Ｔｒｏｌｉｕｓｐｕｍｉｌｕｓｖａｒ．ｔａｎｇｕｔｉｃｕｓ：Ｋ（２ｎ）＝６ｍ＋８ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｔ,Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．＝４Ｌ＋４Ｍ２＋４Ｍ１＋４Ｓ,Ａｓ．Ｋ％＝６３．５７,核型属２Ｂ型;甘青乌头Ａｃｏｎｉｔｕｍｔａｎｇｕｔｉｃｕｍ为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝６ｍ＋１０ｓｍ,Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．＝４Ｌ＋８Ｍ１＋４Ｓ,Ａｓ．Ｋ％＝６２．５４,２Ｂ型;单花翠雀花Ｄｅｌｐｈｉｎｉｕｍｃａｎｄｅｌａｂｒｕｍｖａｒ．ｍｏｎａｎｔｈｕｍ为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝６ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ,Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．＝４Ｌ＋４Ｍ２＋４Ｍ１＋６Ｓ,Ａｓ．Ｋ％＝６４．３４,属３Ｂ型。经同相关近缘种核型资料比较,青藏金莲花核型不对称性和进化程度比金莲花Ｔ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ低;甘青乌头的核型不对称性和进化程度在其近缘类群（乌头组Ｓｅｃｔ．Ａｃｏｎｉｔｕｍ）已报道的种之内最低;单花翠雀花核型不对称性和进化水平比翠雀组（Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｄｅｌｐｈｉｎａｓｔｒｕｍ）已报道的展毛翠雀花Ｄ．ｋａｍａｏｅｎｓｅｖａｒ．ｇｌａｂｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ、     

Karyotype Analysis of Hydrilla

The present paper reports the chromosome number and karyotype of the genus Hydrilla. H. verticillate was found to have 2n=16. The karyotype is 2n=16=6m+6sm+ 4st. No difference between the male and the female was found in the work. H. verticillata var. roxburghii Casp. has the somatic chromosome number 2n=24, and its karyotype is 2n= 3x=24=9m+9sm+6st. The variety may be a autotriploid. The karyotype of the genus isobviously bimodal, with No. 1-5 in the first group and 6-8 in the second group.     

亚洲苦草与刺苦草的染色体数目和核型

本文以亚洲苦草和刺苦草根尖为实验材料,对其染色体数目及核型进行了研究,结果表明,两个种均为2n=20,同属Stebbins的不对称核型,亚洲苦草为“3B”,刺苦草为“2B”。核型公式分别为:K(2n)=20=2m+12sm+6st,K(2n)=20=2M+2m+14sm+2st。     

国产毛茛属三种植物的核型研究

对国产三种毛茛属 (Ranunclus)植物进行了核型研究 ,其中昆明毛茛 (RanunculuskunmingensisW .T .Wang)染色体数目 2n=1 4及核型 2n =1 4 =6m +4sm +4st为首次报道 ;匍枝毛茛 (R .repenceL .)核型公式为 2n =4x =3 2 =8m +1 2sm +1 0st+2t,它是由两个不同的染色体组组成 ;刺果毛茛 (R .muricatusL .)核型公式为 2n=8x=64=1 0m +2 2sm +2 8st+4t,它也是由两个不同的染色体组组成     

The discovery of triploid Lycoris sprengeri Comes ex Baker from Anhui,China

Lycoris sprengeri Comes ex Baker is endemic to China. Reported in the present paper are the chromosomes number and karyotypes for two wild populations of the species from Anhui. ( 1 )Caishi population has a karyotype 2n=33=9st+21t+3T. The length of chromosomes ranges from 5.58～9.15μm. The karyotype belongs to Stebbin’s (1971) “4A”. (2)Longyashan populations have two karyotypes. The karyotype formula of the type I is 2n=22=8st+14t, with chromosomes ranging from 6.88～9.15μm. The karyotype belongs to “4A”. The karyotype formula of the type Ⅱ is 2n＝22＝1m+1sm+14st+6t, with chromosomes ranging from 7.20～15.80μm. The karyotype belongs to “3B”. The triploid type of L. sprengeri was discovered in Anhui for the first time. The karyotype 2n=22 =1m+1sm+14st+6t in diploid type of this species is here reported for the first time.The Robertsonian change plays a key role in karyotype evolution of Lycoris.     

杨属派间核型比较研究

对杨属五派代表种的核型进行了分析,各代表种核型公式如下:欧洲山杨(白杨派)2n=2x=38=21m(2SAT)+4sm+13st(1SAT);小叶杨(青杨派)2n=2x=38=1M+26m(1SAT)+8sm(1SAT)+1st+2t(1SAT);大叶杨(大叶杨派)2n=2x=38=2M+22m+8sm+6st;胡杨(胡杨派)2n=2x=38=2M+23m+3sm+10st(2SAT);箭杆杨(黑杨派)2n=2x=38=3M+29m(2SAT)+5sm+1st。杨属派间核型差异主要表现在中部与次中部着丝点(M,m)和近端部与端部着丝点(st,t)染色体数目上。白杨派和胡杨派具较多的st、t染色体,核型不对称系数比其它派高。按Stebbins理论白杨派和胡杨派属进化类型。     

七种药用植物的染色体研究

对山东７种药用植物的染色体进行了研究。结果表明：田旋花（ＣｏｎｖｏｌｖｕｌｕｓａｒｖｅｎｓｉｓＬ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝７８;蜜柑草（ＰｈｙｌａｎｔｈｕｓｍａｔｓｕｍｕｒａｅＨａｖａｔａ）的染色体数目为ｎ＝８８;挂红灯（ＰｈｙｓａｌｉｓａｌｋｅｋｅｎｇｉＬｖａｒｆｒａｎｃｈｅｔｉ（Ｍａｓｔ）Ｍａｋｉｎｏ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２４,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝２ｍ＋１８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋２ｓｔ（ｓａｔ）,核型“２Ａ”型;无剌曼陀罗（ＤａｔｕｒａｓｔｒａｍｏｎｉｕｍＬｖａｒｉｎｅｒｍｉｓ（Ｊａｃｑ）ＳｃｈｉｎｚｅｔＴｈｅｌ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２４,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝２０ｍ＋４ｓｍ,核型“１Ｂ”型;决明（ＣａｓｉａｔｏｒａＬ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２６＝２４ｍ＋２ｓｍ,核型“１Ａ”型;荔枝草（ＳａｌｖｉａｐｌｅｂｅｉａＲＢｒ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝１６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１６＝６ｍ＋１０ｓｍ,核型“２Ａ”型;车前（ＰｌａｎｔａｇｏａｓｉａｔｉｃａＬ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝３６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝３６＝３２ｍ＋４ｓｍ,核型“１Ａ”型。     

Report on Karyotypes of 10 Species of Liliaceae (s. l.) From Qinling Range

The karyotypes of 10 species of the Liliaceae from the Qinling Range are reported as follows. I. Polygonatum Mill. (1) P. odoratum ( Mill. ) Druce was found to have the karyotype 2n=20=12m+8sm ( Plate 3, Fig. I), which belongs to Stebbins’ (1971) karyotype classification 2B. The chromosomes range from 3.88 to 11.26μm in size. Table 2 shows the karyotypes and number fundamentals (N.F.) of 13 materials from 12 different localities. The N. F. of these materials can be classified into two groups: N.F. =36 and N.F.=40, besides one (N.F. =38) from Beijing. N. F. =36 covers all the materials with 2n= 18 which have relatively symmetrical karyotypes ( all consisting of m and sm chromosomes), one with 2n=20 (10m+6sm+4st) and one with 2n=22 (14m+8st). N.F. =40 include four materials with 2n= 20 (all of m and sm chromosomes ) and 3 with 2n= 22 (10m+ 8sm+ 4st). ￥ It is considered that there are two original karyotypes, 2n= 18 with N. F. = 36 and 2n= 20 with N.F. =40, which are relatively symmetrical. All the more asymmetrical karyotypes with some st chromosomes have probably evolved from the symmetrical karyotypes without st chromosomes by centric fission. (2) P. zanlanscianense Pamp. has the karyotype 2n=30=18m(2SAT) + 4sm+ 6st+ 2t (Plate 1, Fig. 1) which belongs to 2C. The chromosomes range from 2.16 to 9.76μm. ￥ II. Asparagus filicinus Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don. The karyotype of this species is 2n = 16= 8m(2SAT )+ 6sm + 2st (Plate 1, Fig. 1 and Table 3 ) , which belongs to 2B. The chromosomes range from 2.33 to 5.30μm. Most species in Asparagus, including A.Filicinus, are reported to have basic number x= 10, and therefore 2n= 16 is a new chromosome number for A.filicinus. EL-Saded et.al.(1972) gave a report of n=8 for A. stipularis from Egypt, while Delay (1947) reported 2n = 24 for A. trichophyllus and A. verticillatus, Sinla(1972 ) gave a report of 2n=48 for A.racemosus. It is certain that there are two basic numbers in the genus Asparagus. III. Cardiocrinum giganteum (Wall.) Makino was found to have the karyotype 2n=24=4m+8st+12t (Plate 1, Fig. 1 ), which belongs to 3B. The chromosomes range from 8.71 to 20.24μm. IV. Smilax discotis Warb. was shown to have the karyotype 2n=32=4m+22sm+4st (2SAT)+2t (Plate 1, Fig. 1 and Table 3), which belongs to 3C. The first pair is much longer than others. The chromosomes range from 1.79 to 9.21μm. The chromosome number and karyotype of S. discotis are both reported for the first time. V. Reineckia carnea (Andr.) Kunth is of the karyotype 2n=38=28m+10sm (Plate 2, Fig. 1 ), which belongs to 2B. The chromosomes range from 5.65 to 12.75μm. VI. Tupistra chinensis Baker was found to have the karyotype 2n=38=25m+ 13sm (Plate 2, Fig. 1), which belongs to 2B. The chromosomes range from 8.11 to 23.82μm. A pair of heterozygous chromosomes is arranged at the end of the idiogram. The eighth pair possesses an intercalary satellite. Huang et al. (1989) reported the karyotype of T. chinensis from Yunnan as 2n = 38 = 24m+ 14sm without any intercalary satellite. Nagamatsu and Noda (1970) gave a report on the karyotype of T. nutans from Bhutan, which consists of 18 pairs of median to submedian chromosomes and one pair of subterminal chromosomes. And one pair of submedian chromosomes possess intercalary satellites on their short arms. VII. Rohdea japonica (Thunb) Roth. was found to have the karyotype 2n=38=30m+6sm+2st ( Plate 2, Fig. 1), which belongs to 2B. The chromosomes range from 7.94 to 18.29μm. Nagamatsu and Noda (1970) reported that the karyotype of R.japonica from Japan was the same as that of Tupistra nutans from Bhutan. But we have not discov ered any chromosome with an intercalary satellite. VIII. Hosta Tratt. (1) H. plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers was shown to have 2n=60. The 60 chromosomes are in 30 pairs,which can be classified into 4 pairs of large chromosomes (7.32- 8.72μm ), 3 pairs of medium-sized ones (4.72-5.60μm), and 23 pairs of small ones (1.40-3.64μm), (Plate 3 ,Table 4 ). The karyotype of H. plantaginea is reported for the first time. (2) H. ventricosa (Salisb.) Stearn was counted to have 2n=120, The 120 chromosomes are in 60 pairs, which can be classified into 8 pairs of large chromosomes (7.00- 8.40μm ), 6 pairs of medium-sized ones(4.40- 6.15um ), 46 pairs of small ones (1.20- 3.85μm), (Plate 3, Table 4). Based on the karyotypes of H. plantaginea and H. ventricosa, the latter is probably a tetraploid in the genus Hosta. Kaneko (1968b) gave a report on the karyotype of H. ventricosa, which is of8 pairs of large chromosomes, 4 pairs of medium-sized and 48 pairs of small ones.