贵州蜡蚧一新种(同翅目;蜡蚧科)

本文记述了蜡蚧一新种:贵州克里蜡蚧Kilifia guizhouensis sp.n.。模式标本保存于贵州农学院植保系。该种是克里蜡蚧属在中国记录的第二种。它与本属的其它种可由下面检索表区分。 克里蜡蚧属分种检索表1.背孔(dorsalpore)在背面中央形成一纵带,在背侧面正对后足基节的上方各形成一横带………K.diversipes(Cockerell) 背孔在背面既不形成纵带、也不形成横带。…………………………………………………………………………………………… 22(1)肛板(anal plate)前侧边与后侧边之比为2.2—2.7………………………………………………K.americana Ben—Dov. 肛板前侧边与后侧边之比为1.4-2.1……………………………………………………………………………………………………33(2)至少4％的缘毛(marginal setae)顶端不分枝…………………………………………………………………………………4 除2—3根位于肛裂边(each side of anal cleft)的缘毛处.所有缘毛顶端均分枝………………………………………54(3)至少80％的缘毛顶端分枝.其分枝长……………………………………………………贵州克里蜡蚧K.guizhouensi sp.nov. 最多50％的缘毛顶端分枝、其分枝短…………………………………………………………………………     

中国浙江发现树蛙属一新种（两栖纲：树蛙科）

依据形态特征比较和分子系统发育分析,将采自浙江丽水的树蛙属物种订为一新种——丽水树蛙Rhacophorus lishuiensis Liu,Wang and Jiang,sp.nov.。新种丽水树蛙主要鉴别特征为:1)体型较小,雄性体长34.2~35.8 mm,雌性体长45.9 mm;2)鼓膜直径大于眼径之半;3)后肢较短,胫跗关节前伸贴体达眼后角;4)背面光滑,无明显疣粒;5)生活时背面绿色,无斑或散有稀疏的浅蓝绿色细点;6)咽喉部白色,虹彩黄色;7)雄性具单咽下内声囊,第一指基部具浅黄色婚垫。依据线粒体基因12S rRNA、tRNAval和16S rRNA共2 038 bp序列以贝叶斯法构建树蛙属41个物种间的系统发育关系,新种丽水树蛙为一个独立的支系,并与绿背树蛙(R.dorsoviridis)支系以高支持率形成姐妹群(后验概率1.00),支长较长。     

长头叶蝉属一新种(同翅目:铲头叶蝉科)

本文记述铲头叶蝉科(Hecalidae)长头叶蝉属(Bumizana)一新种。模式标本存放在贵州农学院。折端长头叶蝉Bumizana reflexana,新种(图 1-8)     

我国西南地区拟粉蝇属二新种（双翅目：丽蝇科）

本文报道的拟粉蝇属Pollenio psis Townsend,1917二新种,分别采自西藏南部和云南东北部。其中一种以周氏命名,特此纪念周尧教授执教五十周年。新种模式标本均存上海昆虫研究所。     

广东丹霞山国家级自然保护区 蝙蝠物种多样性调查

于2017年至2018年对广东丹霞山国家级自然保护区的翼手目动物进行调查,主要采用日栖息地与夜栖息地、捕食区网捕等调查方法,共调查到翼手目5科13属23种,其中蝙蝠科(Vespertilionidae)9属15种,菊头蝠科(Rhinolophidae)1属4种,蹄蝠科(Hipposideridae)1属2种,假吸血蝠科(Megadermatidae)1属1种,犬吻蝠科(Molossidae)1属1种。从区系组成来看,以东洋界为主(19种),其次为广布种(3种),古北界仅1种。从栖息类型上看,分为洞栖型、树栖型及建筑物栖息型,以洞栖型为主(15种),建筑物栖息型其次(12种),树栖型最少(5种),但其中9个物种的栖息地类型同时包含了上述3种栖息类型中的2种。本研究在广东丹霞山发现中国蝙蝠新分布记录1种,为卡氏伏翼(Hypsugo cadornae);而中印鼠耳蝠(Myotis indochinensis)为中国分布的再次确认。     

我国伊蚊—新亚属及—新种(双翅目:蚊科)

1985年6月,在进行滇西类业区系调查中采获一批伊蚊,经鉴定,发现1新亚属,现将该亚属及1新种描述如下。华蚊亚属Sinoaedes,新亚属 亚属特征:雌蚊 中型,暗黑色,具银白鳞饰。触须暗色。喙暗色。前胸前背片平覆宽白鳞。中胸盾片平覆褐色窄鳞;小盾片三叶状,具宽鳞;后背片光裸。有气门后鬃;有1根中胸下后鬃。翅鳞暗色。各足除股节腹面具白色区外,一致暗色。腹节暗色。第     

中国香港17种植物新记录

报道了香港17种植物新记录:无配膜叶铁角蕨[Hymenasplenium apogamum(N.Murak.&Hatan.)Nakaike]、似薄唇蕨(Leptochilus decurrens Blume)、穿心藤[Amydrium hainanense(H.Li,Y.Shiao&S.L.Tseng)H.Li]、毛背...     

华东叶螨—新属—新种（蜱螨目：叶螨科）

作者在研究园林叶螨时,在安徽黄山发现了属于叶螨族Tetranychini Reck,1950的一新属新种,属订名为忻叶螨属Xinella gen.nov.,,以示作者对复旦大学忻介六教授的崇高敬意和感谢。忻叶螨属Xinella Ma et Wang,新属 模式种:黄山忻叶螨Xinella huangshanensis,新种。     

The Species Problem in Plant Taxonomy in China

Nooteboom (1992) and Peter Raven (pers. comm. ) have pointed out that Chinese taxonomists often hold a narrow species concept and that this may due to the small volum of collections, especially type specimens, available to them which led to the unadequate study on the variability of the species. Raven remarked that “this leads me to believe that the actual concept of species used in plant systematics in China tends to be fairly typological”. What they said are by no means unreasonable. Indeed, the taxonomical status of a considerable number of species in the Chinese flora is probably open to question. New species based on a single character or solely on vegetative characters are of frequent occurrence. Evidences from a very limited number of researches on the patterns of plant variation heretofore available in China have shown that some “species” are, in fact, ecological races ( Clinopodium ), geographical races (Cunninghamia & Indigofera ), or taxa with topoclinal variation (Lespedeza & Rhododendron ). Species based on plasticity of phenotype variation have been or still regarded as “good species” ( Rorippa ). Segregates of an interspecific hybrid with diverse leaf characters have been given different species names ( Ilex ). The originally complicated situation in taxonomy of an agamic complex becomes even more complicated after the publication of additional new species (Malus). A careful analysis of a species with rather complicated patterns of variation leads to the combination of 25 specific names, of which 10 were published in the 80’s by Chinese taxonomists ( Clematoclethra ). Examples of these kinds will greatly increase with the broadening of research work at the species level. Orthodox plant taxonomy is based largely or solely on morphological characters. The exomorphic characters have the practical advantage that they are relatively easy to observe and to record. The taxonomical species concept can meet the needs of general purpose classification. But the notion that the taxonomical species concept is a solely intuitive judgement or preference of an individual worker and one could hardly say what is right and what is wrong is quite problematical. The species category today is much more capable of objective interpretation than ever before. A correct species concept stems from a correct and thorough understanding of the nature of variation pattern of plants and its taxonomical value. Hence, as a herbarium taxonomist, the first thing is to study as many collections as possible. Secondly, the incorporation of evidence from other sources whenever possible is highly desirable. These evidences,if they are not very useful as taxonomical criteria, are frequently of great significanee in contributing to a better understanding or interpretation of the variation pattern of a given taxon. The taxonomist might find the discontinuities he seeks better expressed in either the phenotypic or the genetic variation. A logical application of these two sorts of criteri-a would lead to a more rational classification at the specific level in a great many genera.     

中国绒茧蜂属二新种（膜翅目：茧蜂科）

本文ixon(1965)分类系统报道采自江西和湖南的绒茧蜂属二新种。新种模式标本存湖南农学院昆虫学教研室标本室。长尾绒茧蜂Apanteles longicaudatus You et Zhou,新种(图1-3) 雌 体黑色,大型;唇基、上颚、触角柄节基半部、足(除后足腿节端部、胫节端部及跗节色稍深外)均为红黄色;翅乳白透明,前缘脉、翅痣边缘及痣后脉深褐色,翅痣(除缘)及其余脉黄色。     

Study on the Fossil Woods Found in Zigong,Sichuan, China

This paper describes three fossil woods, which were firstly found in Zigong city, Sichuan Province, China. The localities of the fossil woods are close to the locality of the famous Dashanpu dinosaur quarry of Zigong. The strata of the fossil woods beating are Xiashaximiao Formation and Xintiangou Formation of the Middle Jurassic, approximately match the strata of the Dashanpu dinosaurs. According to the structures of the secondary xylem, the fossil woods belonged to the primitive conifer genus-Araucarioxylon. Because it was comparatively and obviously different from the other species in this genus, it is assigned as a new species: A. zigongensis. As there was neither fossil leaf nor fossil pollen or spore found in the dinosaur bearing strata before, the discovery of these fossil woods might bear some important significance in the dinosaur research.     

半荒漠藻结皮中藻类的种类组成和分布

对宁夏沙坡头半荒漠藻结皮中２２种藻（其中蓝藻１０种,绿藻４种,硅藻６种,裸藻２种）进行了分离、鉴定;利用土壤磨片和电子探针揭示了藻体与基质间的结合方式;通过光镜、扫描电镜观察,从８个层次研究了藻类在结皮中的分布,并发现它们在微米间也呈“层片”分布规律,藻结皮由表及里依次为无机矿物质保护层（ｃａ．０．０２ｍｍ）、富藻层（ｃａ．０．０２～２．５ｍｍ）及疏藻层（２．５～５．０ｍｍ）;藻丝皮由表及里依次为     

江西武夷山发现缅甸钝头蛇

2014年8月,在江西武夷山国家级自然保护区采集到3号蛇类标本,基于形态学比较,并结合线粒体细胞色素b基因（Cyt b）序列的分子系统关系重建,确定这3号标本为缅甸钝头蛇（Pareas hamptoni）,为江西省蛇类分布新记录种。     

广西木虱—新属三新种及黄槿瘦木虱记述(同翅目:木虱总科)

作者于1982和1984年在广西农科院及广西林业厅的支持和配合下两次考察,加上1963年所采的标本,发现一些新的种类及记载,将陆续发表。本文记述了1新属3新种,对黄槿瘦木虱作了重新描述。新增加了寄主植物。文中体长为由头顶至翅端长度。模式标本保存于北京农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

长江流域兽类物种多样性的分布格局

共记录了长江流域内兽类280种,隶属于11目36科135属,特有种和受威胁物种分别有14种和154种。根据兽类分布特点,依据山系和水系将长江流域分为19个区域,除了江源区外,物种丰富度、G-F多样性指数和特有种比例,从上游到下游区域总体趋势是随海拔降低逐渐降低,形成以四川盆地和沅江为分界线的3个数量级;利用Jaccard物种相似性系数对长江流域内19个区域进行聚类分析,发现整个流域分成4部分:江源区;横断山区、川西高原、云南高原、四川盆地和秦巴山区;贵州高原、江南丘陵、鄱阳湖平原和长江三角洲;淮阳山地、两湖平原和长江下游平原,基本反映了流域内自然地理环境及我国大陆地势三级台阶变化的特点。     

中国浙江新昌化石木研究

本文介绍了发现于中国东南沿海地区浙江省新昌县中生代地层中的一种化石木新种———新昌南洋杉型木 (AraucarioxylonxinchangenseDuansp .nov .)。这种化石木保存在早白垩世馆头组中、下部的紫红色泥砂岩中 ,分布在新昌县城西部 ,南北绵延 2 5公里、东西宽约 2公里的狭长地区。由于在化石木产区曾发现过多种植物化石 ,因而确定了该区在早白垩世时期处于我国的欧洲 中国植物区内 ,属亚热带 热带气候区 ,种种迹象表明此时气候有些干旱。同区发现的松柏目叶化石 ,其气孔构造与南洋杉科有一定的亲缘关系 ,这一点似乎与化石木之属可以对应。     

四川省攀枝花市发现贡山链蛇

2014年9月至2017年9月,在四川省境内的攀枝花大黑山森林公园、攀枝花盐边县红宝苗族彝族乡共采集到贡山链蛇(Lycodon gongshan Vogel and Luo,2011)标本2号,为四川省首次发现该物种。2号标本(标本号R20140901和PZH20170901)保存在中国科学院成都生物研究所。     

广东省湛江市徐闻县发现背条跳树蛙

2017年10月,在广东省湛江市徐闻县采集到6只成年雄性背条跳树蛙(Chirixalus doriae,标本号XW171001~XW171006),为广东省两栖动物分布新记录种。背条跳树蛙此前仅报道发现于云南省和海南省,此发现有助于进一步认识背条跳树蛙的地理分布格局及演化历史。     

Fossil leaves of Buxus (Buxaceae) from the Upper Pliocene of Yunnan,SW China

A new species, Buxus pliosinica H.S. Huang, T. Su et Z.K. Zhou n. sp. (Buxaceae) is designated based on leaf architecture and cuticular features of five compressed fossil leaves from the Upper Pliocene Sanying Formation of Yunnan, SW China. Leaves of B. pliosinica are elliptic and small, with entire margin, retuse tip, intramarginal vein, and exmedially ramified tertiary veins. The leaves are hypostomatic with anomocytic stomatal apparatuses and giant stomata. Based on comparisons of leaf morphological and cuticular features, B. sempervirens Linnaeus is considered as the nearest living relative of B. pliosinica. Morphologically, these species share similar elliptic shape and size, cuneate base, retuse tip, similar ranges of petiole length, angles of 2° vein to midvein, and distance from the intramarginal vein to the margin. In terms of cuticular features, they are similar in type of stomatal apparatus, maximum length of giant stomata and range of stomatal length, but differ in the presence of indumentum. This discovery represents the first fossil record of Buxus from the SE margin of the Tibetan Plateau, and confirms the existence of Buxus in this region by the late Pliocene. Meanwhile, the newly described fossil species contributes to our understanding of the evolution of extant Buxus.     

中国沿海海鞘的物种多样性

至今,中国海已经记录了66种海鞘。其中,渤海有5种,黄海21种,东海24种,南海53种。种类分布从北往南逐渐递增,柄瘤海鞘在黄海、渤海数量很大(8100个/m²),但往南分布,未发现超过罗源湾。皱瘤海鞘在南海数量很大(2225个/m²),往北也未发现超过罗源湾。玻璃海鞘和乳突皮海鞘在全国沿海都有分布。