珍珠黄杨ITS-PCR体系的建立与优化

本研究利用改良CTAB法从珍珠黄杨叶片中提取基因组DNA作为模板,在TaqDNA聚合酶量不变的基础上,利用正交设计L_9(3~4)对4个因素(模板DNA、Mg~(2+)、dNTP和引物)在3个水平上对珍珠黄杨ITS-PCR反应体系进行优化.实验结果表明,在总体积50μL的反应体系中,建立了最佳ITS-PCR扩增条件:Mg~(2+)浓度2.0 mmol/L、引物浓度0.3 μmol/L、dNTP浓度0.3 mmol/L、DNA模板浓度240 ng/50μL、ToqDNA聚合酶的用量1.75 U/50μL和退火温度56℃,该优化体系保证了珍珠黄杨ITS-PCR产物的纯度和质量要求.珍珠黄杨ITS片段克隆测序后获得的序列长度为642 bp,其系统学信息将为珍珠黄杨的起源进化提供有力的分子水平证据.     

皱叶黄杨的一个新异名

根据对小叶黄杨(Buxus sinica (Rehder & Wilson)Cheng ex M.Cheng var.parvifolia M.Cheng)模式标本的研究, 并比较皱叶黄杨(Buxus rugulosa Hatusima)的标本, 而将小叶黄杨作为皱叶黄杨的新异名。     

珍珠黄杨矮化基因BsGAI2的克隆及功能分析

GA信号转导途径或生物合成受阻是导致植物矮化的重要因素,而DELLA蛋白是GA信号传导通路中一类重要的负调节因子。本研究利用同源克隆和RACE技术,从珍珠黄杨中克隆得到BsGAI2基因的c DNA序列,全长为2305 bp,包括1836 bp完整的ORF。实时荧光定量表达分析表明,BsGAI2基因在珍珠黄杨茎中表达量最高,在根中表达量最低;BsGAI2转基因烟草呈明显矮化,节间变短,长势较慢,延迟开花等特征。利用GFP荧光检测方法鉴定转化型烟草,发现转化苗的叶、茎中均有荧光信号,并且茎木质部有明亮富集的荧光信号。这些结果均表明BsGAI2基因可能在珍珠黄杨茎节间缩短导致矮化的过程中扮演重要角色。本研究分析了BsGAI2基因编码蛋白的理化性质和功能鉴定,为今后进一步研究BsGAI2基因及DELLA蛋白家族的功能提供了理论依据。     

云南种子植物分布新记录

报道了云南新记录种子植物10种7变种1变型,隶属于9科16属,即柔毛泡花树、山青木、白毛四照花、缙云四照花、沙梾、小叶臭味新耳草、纤枝兔儿风、小苦荬、兔儿风蟹甲草、华合耳菊、纤细半蒴苣苔、尾叶黄芩、长唇筒冠花、南川鼠尾草、短叶虾脊兰、带唇兰、类头状花序藨草和细杆筇竹等。     

中国球兰属新记录植物——长瓣球兰（Hoya acuminata）

报道了夹竹桃科萝藦亚科长瓣球兰［Hoya acuminata (Wight) Benth. ex Hook. f.］在中国的新分布记录。长瓣球兰过去记录在不丹、印度东北部（Sikkim, Khasia）和缅甸,2015年在中国西南部的西藏墨脱县内、海拔1 577 m的山林树上发现长瓣球兰。该物种与景洪球兰相近,但前者枝条光滑无毛,每个花序着花3~5朵,花冠直径达5 cm,花冠裂片长2 cm。凭证标本存放于广西药用植物园标本馆（GXMG）。     

浙江蔷薇科新分类群

描述了浙江蔷薇科1新亚种和1新变种,并分别附有线条图。它们是:腺瓣蔷薇(新亚种)和遂昌红腺悬钩子(新变种)。腺瓣蔷薇与模式亚种单花合柱蔷薇区别在托叶、叶柄和萼片仅密被短柔毛而无腺毛,小叶片较大,两面近无毛或疏被短柔毛,伞房花序具1～3花,花瓣宽倒卵形。遂昌红腺悬钩子与模式变种红腺悬钩子区别在于花梗、小枝和老枝密被腺毛而无柔毛,小叶片两面具腺毛,萼片较长,长13～15mm,先端长尾尖。     

木犀科丁香属的一个新等级和六个名称的模式指定

在居群取样、标本查阅、性状分析和多变量分析的基础上, 提出了丁香属Syringa一个新等级和一个新异名: 辽东丁香S. wolfii C. K. Schneid.被处理为红丁香的亚种S. villosa ssp. wolfii而不是垂丝丁香的亚种S. reflexa ssp. wolfii, 并且其后选模式被指定。同时还指定了五个异名的后选模式, 它们是S. bretschneiderii、S. emodi var. rosea、S. villosa var. hirsuta、S. formosissima和S. robusta。     

国产黄杨科五种植物的考订

对国产黄杨科５ 种植物作了分类学修订或补充： 将雀舌黄杨归入匙叶黄杨, 中间黄杨归入黄杨, 多毛板凳果归入板凳果, 双蕊野扇花归入羽脉野扇花; 恢复黄杨和尖叶黄杨的原学名;报道宜昌黄杨在湖南的新记录。     

泰国雨久花属（雨久花科）一新变种——窄叶鸭舌草

描述了泰国雨久花属Monochoria C.Presl一新变种:窄叶鸭舌草M.vaginalis var.angustifolia G.X.Wang。该新变种与原变种鸭舌草M.vaginalis var.vaginalis都具有类似的总状花序,但前者的叶片为窄披针形,3-7×0.3-2.0cm,叶片宽长比在0.1-0.4之间,叶基部裂片最长不超过2mm,总状花序具花3-7朵,而原变种鸭舌草的叶片较宽,为卵心形或心形,4-9×2-8cm,叶片宽长比在0.5-0.95之间,叶基部裂片最长可达到2cm,总状花序     

Effects of shading on photosynthesis characteristics of Photinia x frasery and Aucuba japonica var. variegata

This paper studied the effects of different shading (light transmittance 20%, 40%, 60%, and 100%) on the photosynthesis characteristics of two ornamental foliage plants Photinia x frasery and Aucuba japonica var. variegata. After shading for six weeks, the net photosynthesis rates of two plants measured ex situ under natural light enhanced, compared to those measured in situ, and, with the increase of shading degree, the net photosynthetic rates had an increasing trend, with the maximum being 9.7 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1) for Photinia x frasery and 8.3 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1) for Aucuba japonica var. variegata. In the meantime, the transpiration rates of the two plants increased significantly. Shading increased the chlorophyll a, b, and a+b contents and the chlorophyll/carotenoids ratio, decreased the chlorophyll a/b, but less affected the carotenoids content. The phenotypic plasticity index (PPI) of net photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate of Photinia x frasery and Aucuba japonica var. variegate was 2.08 and 3.21, and 0.55 and 1.60, respectively. The chlorophyll and carotenoids contents of the two plants were relatively stable, indicating the minor influence of external environment factors on pigments. Aucuba japonica var. variegata had a higher shading tolerance than Photinia x frasery.     

小叶石楠果实中低极性化学成分GC-MS分析

采用溶剂提取法从小叶石楠果实中提取低极性化学成分,并利用气相色谱—质谱仪对果实中的低极性化学成分进行分离和鉴定,同时用面积归一法测定各成分的相对百分含量。结果表明:已确认了25种成分,占果实中低极性化学成分的96.04%,其主要成分为亚麻酸甲酯(13.11%)、邻苯二甲酸二辛醇酯(10.13%)、角鲨烯(9.19%)、维生素E(8.67%)、十九烷(8.03%)。所鉴定的化合物多为该种植物中首次发现,为小叶石楠的进一步开发利用提供了科学依据。     

Symplocos saxatilis (Symplocaceae), a new dioecious species from Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Symplocos saxatilis from Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, is newly described and illustrated on the basis of field and herbarium studies. It appears to be restricted to “campo rupestre” (rocky field) habitats. This new species is characterized by its 1- to 3-flowered pedunculate inflorescence, 11 to 14 staminodes of the pistillate flowers, and 0.7–1.5 mm thick endocarp.     

Antimicrobial activity and chemical investigation of Brazilian Drosera

The antimicrobial activity of three different extracts (hexanic, ethyl acetate, methanol) obtained from Brazilian Drosera species (D. communis, D. montana var. montana, D. brevifolia, D. villosa var. graomogolensis, D. villosa var. villosa, Drosera sp. 1, and Drosera sp. 2 ) were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecium (ATCC23212), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC11229), Salmonella choleraesuis (ATCC10708), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC13883), and Candida albicans (a human isolate). Better antimicrobial activity was observed with D. communis and D. montana var. montana ethyl acetate extracts. Phytochemical analyses from D. communis, D. montana var. montana and D. brevifolia yielded 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (plumbagin); long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons were isolated from D. communis and from D. villosa var. villosa, a mixture of long chain aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids, was isolated from D. communis and 3b-O-acetylaleuritolic acid from D. villosa var. villosa.     

A new system of classification of the genus Clematis (Ranunculaceae)

A new system of classification of the genus Clematis is proposed. The taxonomic history of the genus is briefly reviewed. On the basis of the analyses of various morphological and palynological characters, evolutionary trends of some characters are revealed as follows: 2. Seed germination: epigeal→hypogeal. 3. Leaf: (a) phyllotaxy: alternate→opposite→verticillate. (c) texture: herbaceous→papery→subcoriaceous or coriaceous. 4. Inflorescence: (a) position: terminal→terminal and axillary→axillary. (b) type: pedunculate, bibracteate, several-flowered cyme. (i) 3–4 times branched, 20–35-flowered cyme→many-branched ca. 100-flowered panicle. (ii) 1-flowered cyme→a single flower, pedicellate, but with peduncle and bracts wanting. 5. Flower: (a) Sexuality: bisexual→unisexual. (b) Posture: erect, with straight pedicel→pendulous, with recurved pedicel. 6. Sepal: (a) number per flower: 4 or 5→6–8. (b) aestivation: valvate→imbricate. (c) colour: white or yellow→blue, purple or red. (d) spreading direction: spreading→ascending→erect. (e) texture: herbaceous or papery→subcoriaceous or coriaceous. (f) shape: obovate→obovate-oblong, oblanceolate, lanceolate or oblong→narrowly oblong→linear. (g) apex: rounded or obtuse→acute→acuminate→attenuate (h) margin indumentum: glabrous or puberulous→with a narrow velutinous strip. (i) margin dilation: not dilated→dilated. (j) indumentum of adaxial surface: glabrous→puberulous→velutinous. 7. Stamen: (a) indumentum: glabrous→filament hairy yet anther glabrous→both filament and anther hairy. (b) filament: (i) linear→proximally or distally widened, or entirely so. (ii) flat→rugose. (c) anther: oblong, 0.8–3.5 mm long→narrowly oblong, 2–6 mm long→linear, up to 7–10 mm long. (d) connective: not projected→apex minutely apiculate, with an apiculum ca. 0.1 mm long→apex with a conic or subglobose projection 0.1–0.2 mm long→apex with a subulate projection up to 4 mm long or with a narrowly lamellate projection 1–10 mm long. 9. Staminode: (a) absent in bisexual flower→present in bisexual flower. (b) number per pistillate flower: numerous→few→zero. 10. Style: not elongate→elongate and plumose→slightly elongate and appressed-puberulous, then tail-like or subulate in shape→very short, slightly or not elongate, appressed- puberulous or glabrous. 11. Fruit: not complanate, nor rimmed, nor marginate→complanate, narrowly to tumidly rimmed→complanate, broadly marginate or winged. According to the evolutionary trends mentioned above and mainly according to the floral structure, the relationships among the 15 sections of Clematis are discussed, and four evolutionary stocks are recognized. Of them, the C. montana stock, in which C. brevipes, C. potaninii, C. montana etc., all with spreading, white, obovate sepals and glabrous stamens, are included, is regarded as the primitive group of the genus, whereas the other three, C. vitalba stock, C. connata stock, and C. alpina stock, are regarded as more advanced. All these four stocks might be derived from a putative extinct primitive group of the genus, which might possess the most primitive vegetative and reproductive characters. The four stocks are all treated as subgenera in the present system. Finally, a systematic enumeration of all the infrageneric taxa is presented and their brief diagnoses are given.     

短多穗扁莎（莎草科）的合格发表

合格发表莎草科-新变种-短多穗扁莎草Pycreus polystachyos(Rottb.)P.Beaiv.var.brevispiculatus How ex Y F.Deng.该变种与原变种Pcreus polystachyos(Rottb.)P.Beauv.vat.polystachyos的区别在于秆高8～15 cm,辐射枝极短或近无,小穗多数,簇生成头状,长4～7 mm,具6～14朵花,鳞片褐色或黄褐色.     

叉角翠雀花,四川毛茛科一新种

描述了自四川发现的毛茛科翠雀属一新种,叉角翠雀花。此新种的萼片具叉状角状突起而与弯距翠雀花有亲缘关系,但其叶片3深裂,下面无毛,花3~5朵排列成伞房花序,花梗被白色短柔毛,无腺毛,萼距稍向下弯曲,花瓣不2裂,而与弯距翠雀花相区别。     

兰属腋花组若干种类的研究

对新种丽花兰Cymbidium concinnum Z. J. Liu &; S. C. Chen和新变种龙州兰C. eburneum var. longzhouense Z. J. Liu &; S. C. Chen进行了描述和绘图; 丽花兰与大雪兰C. mastersii Griff. ex Lindl.有亲缘关系, 区别点在于新种叶片先端不分裂, 花序具18-22朵花, 唇瓣中裂片上有一个V型的紫红色斑块; 龙州兰(变种)与独占春(原变种)的主要区别在于唇瓣中裂片上和侧裂片顶部有较密的紫红色斑。对象牙白C. maguanense的分类问题进行了讨论, 并为其指定了新模式; 还为腋花组sect. Eburnea国产种类提供一个检索表。     

Rhus coriaria var. zebaria (Anacaridaceae), a new variety from Iraq

Rhus coriaria var. zebaria from Duhok/Aqrae, Kurdistan, Iraq is described as a variety new to science. Field expeditions started in spring 2011, continued during 2012 and 2013 with the aim of collecting sumac specimens from different physiographic regions of Kurdistan, Iraq. A total of ten plants for each variety were sampled. An equal number of tagged herbarium specimens were prepared. The holotype was designated and deposited together with other herbarium specimens in the herbarium of the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Univ. of Duhok. Morphological characters of the leaf, inflorescence, flowers, infructescence, and fruit were studied. The pH value of the pericarp in addition to the hilum length was measured. Results were compared with Rhus coriaria L. var. coriaria. The most distinctive feature of the new variety is the dull whitish brown color of the drupe pericarp of var. zebaria as compared to the reddish brown color of the drupe pericarp of var. coriaria. The whitish color of the drupes of var. zebaria, in combination with their larger size, represents diagnostic characters for distinguishing this variety. In contrast, most leaf characters are of little or no taxonomic value in this species. Only shape, apex and marginal teeths of the leaflets show minor differences for separating the two varieties. Female and male inflorescences and flowers characters show no significant differences. Both hilum length and pH value characters may be useful for taxonomic application if mean values are taken in consideration.