Taxonomical history and revision of Paeonia sect. Moutan (Paeoniaceae)

The taxonomical history of the woody group(peonies) in the genus Paeonia is reviewed in the present paper. The group is endemic to China, but Paeonia suffruticosa is commonly cultivated throughout the north temperate region and has long been known as “the King of Flowers” in China. However, the taxonomy of the group had been neglected before the 1990' s. Since 1990, a number of new species and subspecies have been published. With the support from the National Geographic Society, the senior author of the present paper and his coworkers have made expeditions to all parts of the distribution area of the group, visited all the type localities and sampled a total of 64 populations. Based on the character analysis and examination of the type specimens or photos, each taxon is reviewed with its name checked nomenclaturally, and finally the taxonomy of the whole group is revised. As a result, eight species, three of which each contains two subspecies, are recognized. They are Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews subsp. suffruticosa and subsp. yinpingmudan D. Y. Hong, K. Y. Pan et Z. W. Xie, P. jishanensis T. Hong et W. Z. Zhao, P. qiui Y. L. Pei et D. Y. Hong, P. ostii T. Hong et J. X. Zhang, P. rockii (S. G. Haw et L. A. Lauener )T. Hong et J. J. Li subsp. rockii and subsp. taibaishanica D. Y. Hong, P. decomposita Hand.-Mazz. Subsp. decomposita and subsp. rotundiloba D. Y. Hong, P. delavayi Franeh. and P. ludlowii (Stern et Taylor)D. Y. Hong. P. baokangensis Z. L. Dai et T. Hong and P. yananensis T. Hong et M. R. Li are considered as hybrids between P. rockii and P. qiui and between P. rockii and P. jishanensis respectively. In addition, the reduction of a number of names recently published to synonyms is explained.     

Cytological and Cytochemical Studies of Temperature Induced Male Sterility in Taihangia rupestris

Using in vitro-flower experimental system of Taihangia rupestris Yü et Li in which development or abortion of stamens could be controlled by temperature, the cytological and cytochemical changes in both development and abortion processes of the stamens were comparatively studied. Cytological changes of the stamen abortion initiated at the microsporocyte stage before which normal cytological process were seen from stamen primordium to primary microsporocyte stage. However, despite of the normal cytological process, polysaccharide accumulation was never observed in the cells of anther and filament where as in the normally developing stamens polysaccharide accumulation must largely occurred in those cells mentioned above. The author considered that such cytochemical changes prior to the morphological deviances might be of great significance to approach the cause of tempera-ture-induced male sterility.     

中国栗米草属植物的校订

本文校订了中国粟米属植物,共有4种。国产的粟米草应是Mollugo stricta L.,而不是M.pentaphylla L.;多棱粟米草M.costataY.T.Chang et C.F.Wei是种棱粟米草M.verticillata L.的异名     

四川玉兰属两新种

描述了中国四川省木兰科玉兰属两新种,北川玉兰(Yulania carnosa D. L. Fu et D. L. Zhang sp. nov.)和时珍玉兰(Y.shizhenii D. L. Fu et F. W. Li sp. nov.)。两新种的独特特征是：北川玉兰每花具佛焰苞状苞片2枚,1枚膜质,着生在花梗中间,另1枚肉质,着生在花梗顶端。时珍玉兰花被片、雄蕊和雌蕊的花柱、柱头均为纯白色;雄蕊约20枚。两新种由傅大立于2001年3月在四川省发现并采集,模式标本存于中国林业科学研究院,模式标本号：北川玉兰No.200103141,时珍玉兰No.200103161。     

山茶科紫茎属和舟柄茶属的系统学研究

本文对山茶科紫茎属和舟柄茶属进行了深入细致的系统学研究,藉助形态学、古植物学、孢粉学,细胞学和解剖学资料澄清了两属的分合问题,证实两属在各方面具有较大相似性,并且各分类特征存在广泛的联系而无法分开,从而赞同H．K．Airy Shaw,J．R．Sealy及S．A.Spongberg的主张,即将这两属合并。在此基础上本文提出了世界范围广义紫茎属下分类系统。属下新系统根据花柱合生程度、花序类型,苞片与萼片的形状以及两者的相对长度等特征,分为两个亚属,五个组,同时对该属种类进行修订。该属共有23种5变种,本文发表新组1个,新名称2个,新组合9个,新异名10个,新种1个,并附有分种检索表。广义的紫茎属为东亚-北美间断分布类型,中国南部和西南部是该属的起源中心和高度分化中心。根据化石资料推断,该属起源于早白垩纪,在第三纪以前于整个劳亚古陆上呈广泛而连续的分布,后因冰川及造山运动的影响,从而形成现在的分布格局。     

中国四川荞麦属（蓼科）一新变种——翅果密毛野荞麦

描述了蓼科一新变种——翅果密毛野荞麦[Fagopyrum densovillosum J. L. Liu var.pterocarpum J. L. Liuet X.J.Li],并绘制了形态图。新变种瘦果较大,长2.5～3mm,宽(2～)2.5～3mm,果棱上具翅,翅宽0.5～1mm,雄蕊长于雌蕊,从而区别于原变种密毛野荞麦(Fagopyrum densovillosumJ.L.Liu);另外,新变种全株密被短毛或长毛,茎枝较粗壮,红褐色,节较密集,叶片在表面具细皱纹和小泡状突起,雄蕊长于雌蕊,而又不同于齿翅野荞麦[Fagopyrum gracilipes(Hemsl.)Damm.et Diels var. odontopterum(Gross)Sam]。     

蜘蛛抱蛋属的细胞分类学研究Ⅱ

文章报道了13种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的染色体核型,并对属内核型进化规律作了总结。作者认为随体染色体和第1对染色体可以作为本属核型的特征染色体。染色体数目变异与花部式样密切相关。本属植物原始的染色体基数为x=19。此外,对非整倍性变异的主要机制也进行了讨论。     

清水河枸杞，宁夏茄科一新种

描述了宁夏茄科枸杞属一新种,清水河枸杞。此新种与黑果枸杞相接近,但其枝条直伸,不成"之"字形曲折,花1~4朵簇生,花萼钟形或筒状钟形,花萼裂片边缘无毛,花冠筒部与冠檐近等长;雄蕊着生于花冠筒的喉部,花丝连同花冠无毛或被稀疏短柔毛;浆果扁圆球形,顶端常微凹,深红褐色;种子1~4枚而与后者不同。     

五福花科的初步研究

本文对五福花科的分类进行了初步研究,提出了新的分类系统,并对其系统演化规律、地理分布等进行了讨论。     

A Study on the Genus Rubus of China

The genus Rubus is one of the largest genera in the Rosaceae, consisting of more than 750 species in many parts of the world, of which 194 species have been recorded in China. In the present paper the Rubus is understood in its broad sense, including all the blackberries, dewberries and raspberries, comprising the woody and herbaceous kinds. So it is botanically a polymorphic, variable and very complicated group of plants. The detailed analysis and investigation of the evolutionary trends of the main organs in this genus have indicated the passage from shrubs to herbs in an evolutionary line, although there is no obvious discontinuity of morphological characters in various taxa. From a phylogenetic point of view, the Sect. Idaeobatus Focke is the most primitive group, characterized by its shrub habit armed with sharp prickles, aciculae or setae, stipules attached to the petioles, flowers hermaphrodite and often in terminal or axillary inflorescences, very rarely solitary, druplets separated from receptacles. Whereas the herbaceous Sect. Chamaemorus L. is the most advanced group, which is usually unarmed, rarely with aciculae or setae, stipules free, flowers dieocious, solitary, druplets adhering to the receptacles and with high chromosome numbers (2n = 56). Basing upon the evolutionary tendency of morphological features, chromosome numbers of certain species recorded in literature and the distribution patterns of species, a new systematic arrangement of Chinese Rubus has been suggested by the present authors. Focke in his well-known monograph divided the species of Rubus into 12 subgenera, while in the Flora of China 8 sections of Focke were adapted, but some important revisions have been made in some taxa and Sect. Dalibarda Focke has been reduced to Sect. Cylactis Focke. In addition, the arrangement of sections is presented in a reverse order to those of Focke’s system. The species of Rubus in China are classified into 8 sections with 24 subsections (tab. 3) as follows: 1. Sect. Idaeobatus, emend. Yü et Lu(11 subsect. 83 sp.); 2. Sect. Lampobatus Focke (1 sp.); 3. Sect. Rubus (1 sp.); 4. Sect. Malachobatus Focke, emend. Yü et Lu (13 subsect. 85 sp.); 5. Sect. Dalibardastrus (Focke)Yü et Lu (10 sp.); 6. Sect. Chaemaebatus Focke (5 sp.); 7. Sect. Cylactis Focke, emend. Yü et Lu (8 sp.); 8. Sect. Chamaemorus Focke (1 sp.). In respect to the geographical distribution the genus Rubus occurs throughout the world as shown in tab. 2, particularly abundant in the Northern Hemisphere, while the greatest concentration of species appears in North America and E. Asia. Of the more than 750 species in the world, 470 or more species (64%) distributed in North America. It is clearly showm that the center of distribution lies in North America at present time. There are about 200 species recorded in E. Asia, of which the species in China (194) amount to 97% of the total number. By analysis of the distribution of species in China the great majority of them inhabit the southern parts of the Yangtze River where exist the greatest number of species and endemics, especially in southwestern parts of China, namely Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou (tab. 3. 4.). It is interesting to note that the centre of distribution of Rubus in China ranges From northwestern Yunnan to south-western Sichuan (tab. 5), where the genus also reaches its highest morphological diversity. In this region the characteristics of floristic elements of Rubus can be summarized as follows: it is very rich in composition, contaning 6 sections and 94 species, about 66% of the total number of Chinese species; there are also various complex groups, including primitive, intermediate and advanced taxa of phylogenetic importance; the proportion of endemic plants is rather high, reaching 61 species, up to 44% of the total endemics in China. It is noteworthy to note that the most primitive Subsect. Thyrsidaei (Focke) Yü et Lu, consisting of 9 endemic species, distributed in southern slopes of the Mts. Qin Ling and Taihang Shan (Fig. 4). From the above facts we may concluded that the south-western part of China is now not only the center of distribution and differentiation of Rubus in China, but it may also be the center of origin ofthis genus.     

Three new species in the genus Polygonum (Polygonaceae) from China

Three new species in Polygonum section Polygonum (Polygonaceae) from Xinjiang, China, are described and illustrated. Polygonum urumqiense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou & F. J. Lu is similar to P. aviculare L. in habit, but differs by having flowers densely clustered and spicate in the upper part of branches, stamens 5–6, and two types of achenes (the longer one densely and irregularly granulate on surface). Polygonum tachengense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou & F. J. Lu is similar to P. aviculare in the flowers not forming a raceme in the upper part of branches, the stamens 8, and the achenes striate-granulate on surface, but differs by the leaf blades linear-lanceolate, the midvein and lateral veins conspicuously raising abaxially, the ochreae longer, up to 1.1 cm, 15–20-veined, the flowers 3–6 clustered together in the upper axils of branches. This species is also similar to P. patulum M. Bieb. in the erect stem, and the flowers 3–6 clustered together in the axils of the upper part of branches, but differs by the midvein and lateral veins of leaves conspicuously raising abaxially, the ochreae longer, up to 1.1 cm, 15–20-veined, the leaves in the upper part of branches not becoming smaller gradually, and the flowers clustered in the upper axils of branches not forming a raceme, and the achenes striate-granulate on surface. Polygonum shiheziense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou & F. J. Lu is similar to P. argyrocoleon Steud. ex Kunze in the erect stem, the 3–6 flowers clustered in the upper axils of branches, the stamens 8, and the slightly smooth achenes, but differs by the midvein and lateral veins of leaves conspicuously raising abaxially, the ochreae longer, up to 1.1 cm, 15–20-veined, and the flowers clustered in the upper axils of branches not forming a raceme. This species is also similar to P. tachengense in habit, but differs in the leaves borne in the upper part of branches becoming smaller gradually and the smooth, slightly shiny achenes. The pollen morphology, leaf epidermal characters and achene micromorphology of the three new species and their relatives were comparatively observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM).     

中国团毛菌目粘菌Ⅰ.盖碗菌属

本文研究了中国盖碗菌属10种粘菌,其中1个为国内新记录种：四方盖碗菌Perichaenaquadrata;2个为新种：片丝盖碗菌perichaenafrustrifiarissp.nov;灰盖碗菌Perichaenagriseasp.nov,增补了一些种的超微结构特征;增添了新分布区;讨论了种与种之间的关系。新种有拉丁文描述及扫描电镜照片,模式标本保存于吉林农业大学真菌标本室（HJAU）,长春。     

山东新植物

本文报导了石竹属一新变种, 即山东石竹Diantus chinensis L.var.shandongensis J.X.Li et F.Q.zhou 及蓼属一新变型, 即直立篇蓄Polygonum aviculare L.forma erectum J.X.Li et Y.M.Zhang     

Taxonomy of the Genus Triticum L.

In the present paper, an brief historical account and the comments on the modern taxonomic systems of the genus Triticum L. are made. The author suggests that principles to determine a species be (1) a special type of genome, and (2) reproductive isolation. The principles to determine a subspecies are the special co-type of genome and incomplete reproductive isolation. There are no differences on the level of genome constitution and no reproductive isolation between the varieties or concultivars. According to these principles, the author schemes a taxonomic system of the genus Triticum L. based on biosystematics as follows: Triticum monococcum L. sensu lat. subsp. boeoticum (Boiss.) Yen, st. nov. var. thaoudar (Reut ) Flaksb. concv. Einkhorn subsp. urartu (Tum.)Vap. T. timopheevi Zhuk. sensu lat. var. araraticum (Jakubz.) Yen, st. nov. T. zhukovskyi Men. et Er. T. turgidum L. sensu lat. var. dicoccoides (Körn. in litt. in Schweinf.) Bowden concv. (1) Emmer, (2) Durum wheat, (3) Rivet wheat, (4) Polish wheat, (5) Persian wheat. T. aestivum L. sensu lat. concv. (1) Tibetian weed wheat, (2) Spelt, (3) Vavilov wheat, (4) Macha wheat, (5) Yunnan hulled wheat, (6) Winter common wheat, (7) Spring common wheat, (8) Branch-eared wheat, (9) Club wheat, (I0) Indian dwarf wheat, (11) Xinjiang ricewheat.     

中国蓼属春蓼组植物果实形态及果皮微形态的研究

应用解剖镜和扫描电镜对中国产蓼属春蓼组（Polygonum sect. Persicaria）19种3变种植物的果实形态和果皮微形态特征进行了观察和研究。结果表明,蓼属春蓼组植物的果实形态为卵形或椭圆状卵形,具三棱、双凹或双凸,顶端渐狭,有喙或无喙;果皮微形态可分为7种类型： 洼点、浅洼点,脑纹状纹饰,拟脑纹状纹饰,网状纹饰,不规则褶皱,不规则小疣状颗粒以及密浅网状纹饰。观察结果支持将绵毛酸模叶蓼（P. lapathifolium L. var. salicifolium Sibth.）合并到酸模叶蓼（P. lapathifolium L.）,做为酸模叶蓼的异名处理;支持将长鬃蓼（P. longisetum De Br.）作为丛枝蓼（P. posumbu Buch. Ham. ex D.Don）的变种处理的意见;认为密毛酸模叶蓼（P. lapathifolium L. var. lanatum (Roxb.) Stew.）应恢复种级,圆基长鬃蓼（P. longisetum De Br. var. rotunatum A.J.Li）应升为种级;支持平武蓼（Polygonum pingwuense F. Z. Li et Y. T. Hou et S. J. Fan, sp. nov.）新种的成立。     

中国绒泡菌属的分类学研究II.产自新疆的新种和稀有种

关于新疆的粘菌,过去仅知８种,且无一为绒泡菌。本文第一作者于１９９４年在新疆进行了粘菌资源调查,在随后的研究中共明确了５０多个种,有１０种为绒泡菌,其中的几个种,如垂头绒泡菌Ｐｈｙｓａｒｕｍｎｕｔａｎｓ（Ｂｕｌｌ．）Ｐｅｒｓ．是常见和广布的,但也有几种是特殊的和稀有的。本文报告了５种绒泡菌：橙红绒泡菌Ｐ.ａｕｒａｎｔｉａｃｕｍ　Ｓ．Ｌ．Ｃｈｅｎ,Ｙ．ＬｉｅｔＨ．Ｚ．Ｌｉ和侧扁绒泡菌Ｐ．ｌｏｒａｔｕｍＳ．Ｌ．ＣｈｅｎＹ．Ｌｉ　ｅｔＨ．Ｚ．Ｌｉ是新种,黄白绒泡菌Ｐ．ａｌｂｅｓｃｅｎｓＥｌｌｉｓｅｘＴ．Ｍａｃｂｒ．和团聚绒泡菌Ｐ．ｃｏｎｇｌｏｍｅｒａｔｕｍ（Ｆｒ．）Ｒｏｓｔａｆ．是中国新记录种,已知种黄绿绒泡菌Ｐ．ｖｉｒｅｓｃｅｎｓＤｉｔｍａｒ显然少见,国内此前仅知分布于福建。橙红绒泡菌Ｐ．ａｕｒａｎｔｉａｃｕｍＳ．Ｌ．Ｃｈｅｎ,Ｙ．ＬｉｅｔH.Ｚ．Ｌｉ的孢丝近似钙丝菌状,由或大或小的石灰结将许多细短的孢丝线联成致密的白色网体,这使其被归入绒泡菌属,并与同属其它种相区分;侧扁绒泡菌Ｐ．ｌｏｒａｔｕｍＳ．Ｌ．Ｃｈｅｎ,Ｙ．ＬｉｅｔＨ．Ｚ．Ｌｉ的联囊体虽发达而侧扁,但顶部无预成开裂线,在相似种中也易识别。本文对这两个新种     

中国绒泡菌属的分类学研究 Ⅱ.产自新疆的新种和稀有种

关于新疆的粘菌,过去仅知８种,且无一为绒泡菌。本文第一作者于１９９４年在新疆进行了粘菌资源调查,在随后的研究中共明确了５０多个种,有１０种为绒泡菌,其中的几个种,如垂头绒泡菌Ｐｈｙｓａｒｕｍｎｕｔａｎｓ（Ｂｕｌｌ．）Ｐｅｒｓ．是常见和广布的,但也有几种是特殊的和稀有的。本文报告了５种绒泡菌：橙红绒泡菌Ｐ.ａｕｒａｎｔｉａｃｕｍ　Ｓ．Ｌ．Ｃｈｅｎ,Ｙ．ＬｉｅｔＨ．Ｚ．Ｌｉ和侧扁绒泡菌Ｐ．ｌｏｒａｔｕｍＳ．Ｌ．ＣｈｅｎＹ．Ｌｉ　ｅｔＨ．Ｚ．Ｌｉ是新种,黄白绒泡菌Ｐ．ａｌｂｅｓｃｅｎｓＥｌｌｉｓｅｘＴ．Ｍａｃｂｒ．和团聚绒泡菌Ｐ．ｃｏｎｇｌｏｍｅｒａｔｕｍ（Ｆｒ．）Ｒｏｓｔａｆ．是中国新记录种,已知种黄绿绒泡菌Ｐ．ｖｉｒｅｓｃｅｎｓＤｉｔｍａｒ显然少见,国内此前仅知分布于福建。橙红绒泡菌Ｐ．ａｕｒａｎｔｉａｃｕｍＳ．Ｌ．Ｃｈｅｎ,Ｙ．ＬｉｅｔH.Ｚ．Ｌｉ的孢丝近似钙丝菌状,由或大或小的石灰结将许多细短的孢丝线联成致密的白色网体,这使其被归入绒泡菌属,并与同属其它种相区分;侧扁绒泡菌Ｐ．ｌｏｒａｔｕｍＳ．Ｌ．Ｃｈｅｎ,Ｙ．ＬｉｅｔＨ．Ｚ．Ｌｉ的联囊体虽发达而侧扁,但顶部无预成开裂线,在相似种中也易识别。本文对这两个新种     

国产海桑属（Sonneratia Linn．f．）植物的形态解剖

本文描述我国海南岛产的卵叶海桑、海南海桑、杯萼海桑、拟海桑、海桑等５种海桑属植物的叶、花、果实、种子、木材等的形态结构;分析它们的主要特征在各种植物之间的异同．观察结果表明,海南海桑和拟海桑两新种的形态结构特征与其它各种植物有明显的不同,并讨论它们之间的分类关系。