The reclassification of Lycopodiaceae (s. str.) in China

The fern-allied family Lycopodiaceae(s. str. ) in China is reclassified in the present paper. Six genera, fifteen species and three forms are recorded. The genus Pseudolycopodiella Holub (1983) is adopted, one new name, Lycopodium neopungens H. S. Kung et L. B. Zhang, is given to replace the invalid name L. pungens Desv., one new form is described: Palhinhaea hainanensis C. Y. Yang f. glabra H. S. Kung et L. B. Zhang, and nine names are treated for the first time as synonyms: L. annotinum L. var. brevifolium Christ( = L. zonatum Ching), L. annotinum L. var. aciculare Christ( = L. zonatum Ching), L. alticola Ching( = L. zonatum Ching), L. simulans Ching et H. S. Kung ex Ching( = L. japonicum Thunb. ex Murray), L. interjectum Ching et H. S. Kung ex Ching( = L. japonicum Thunb. ex Murray), L. taliense Ching(＝L. japonicum Thunb. ex Murray), L. pseudoclavatum Ching( = L. japonicm Thunb. ex Murray.), L. pseudoclavatum Ching var. yunnanense Ching( = L. japonicum Thunb. ex Murray), and L. centro-chinense Ching( = L. japonicum Thunb. ex Murray). The distribution of all the taxa is also given. Additionally, some taxonomic discussions are made and it is considered that there is no Diphasiastrum wightianum (Wall. ex Grev. et Hook. ) Holub( = Lycopodium wightianum Wall. ex Grev.et Hook. ) in the flora.     

越南蕨类植物的新记载(1)

报道了越南6种新记载的蕨类植物,包括分布和简短讨论Christensenia assamica (Griff.) Ching,Arthropteris repens (Brack.)C.Chr.,Cyrtomium hemionitis H.Christ,Cyrtogonellum sichouensis S.K.Wu & Musuta,Dryopteris conjugata Ching,and Lepisorus sinensis (H.Christ) Ching.     

Ancestral chromosomal blocks are triplicated in Brassiceae species with varying chromosome number and genome size

The paleopolyploid character of genomes of the economically important genus Brassica and closely related species (tribe Brassiceae) is still fairly controversial. Here, we report on the comparative painting analysis of block F of the crucifer Ancestral Karyotype (AK; n = 8), consisting of 24 conserved genomic blocks, in 10 species traditionally treated as members of the tribe Brassiceae. Three homeologous copies of block F were identified per haploid chromosome complement in Brassiceae species with 2n = 14, 18, 20, 32, and 36. In high-polyploid (n >or= 30) species Crambe maritima (2n = 60), Crambe cordifolia (2n = 120), and Vella pseudocytisus (2n = 68), six, 12, and six copies of the analyzed block have been revealed, respectively. Homeologous regions resembled the ancestral structure of block F within the AK or were altered by inversions and/or translocations. In two species of the subtribe Zillineae, two of the three homeologous regions were combined via a reciprocal translocation onto one chromosome. Altogether, these findings provide compelling evidence of an ancient hexaploidization event and corresponding whole-genome triplication shared by the tribe Brassiceae. No direct relationship between chromosome number and genome size variation (1.2-2.5 pg/2C) has been found in Brassiceae species with 2n = 14 to 36. Only two homeologous copies of block F suggest a whole-genome duplication but not the triplication event in Orychophragmus violaceus (2n = 24), and confirm a phylogenetic position of this species outside the tribe Brassiceae. Chromosome duplication detected in Orychophragmus as well as chromosome rearrangements shared by Zillineae species demonstrate the usefulness of comparative cytogenetics for elucidation of phylogenetic relationships.     

A Preliminary Study on Cytology of Chinese Pteris

Cytological and biosystematic studies on the genus Pteris have made a great contribution to the theory of speciation and evolution in ferns. Sino-Japanese area is one of the speciation centers of this genus. But only a few Chinese species have been known cytologically. As a preliminary study, ten species of the genus Pteris and two species of the related genera Pteridium and Histiopteris were observed. All the materials were collected from southwest and south China. Their young sori were fixed in ethanol and glacial acetic acid (3:1), in the field. The preparations were made with acetocarmine squash method. The vouchers are deposited in PE. The results of observation are summarized in Table 1. Of Pteris, four species are agamosporous, eight are polyploid, six are actually the members of species complexes. Only two species are purely sexual diploids. Pteris cretica L. var. nervosa (Thunb.) Ching et S. H. Wu has 58 autobivalents at meiosis of spore mother cell, and usually produces 32 diplospores per sporangium. It is obviously an agamosporous diploid. Apart from 32-spored sporangium, some 4-, 8-, 16-, 64-, 13-, 34-, 36-spored, completely abortive or partly abortive sporangia were also found in the fixed material of a single individual. For explaining these unusual types of sporangia at least nine sporogenesis routes can be inferred. It may not be impossible that besides mainly producing functional diplospores, P. cretica var. nervosa also gives a few functional giant spores with a doubled or multiplied somatic chromosome number, which means that polyploids may be simply derived from the spores produced by their diploid parent. The spores in a sporangium are usually tetrahedral, but a few bilateral ones are also found in some sporangia. Sometimes, the bilateral spores are even more than the tetrahedral ones in a sporangium. Pteris vittata L. from the type locality shows 58 bivalents at diakinesis of meiosis. Without doubt, it is a sexual tetraploid, which was also found in south Guangdong and south Yunnan. However, Its natural ancestral diploid has been widely found in the subtropical regions of China, such as Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Hubei provinces. A sterile triploid with the chromosome number of n=201Ⅰ+26Ⅱ+5Ⅲ and a sterile tetraploid hybrid with the chromosome number of n=9Ⅰ+45Ⅱ+3Ⅲ+21Ⅴ were found in south Yunnan and south Guangdong respec tively. It is evident that P. vittata L. sensu lato is a species complex which includes several cy totypes. Its hexaploid form was reported from south India by Abraham et al. The distribu tion pattern of different cytotypes in P. vittata complex may indicate that the tropics is more favourable to formation and surviving of polyploid than the subtropics. However, it is most possible that Chinese subtropics is the origin place of the ancestral member in the P. vittata complex. In gross morphology, the tetraploid and triploid forms are only bigger and stronger than the diploid form. But the diploid can also grow rather big in cultivation. They can har dly be distinguished from each other. Therefore, they are not given formal names here. The author fully agree with Prof. T. Reichstein when he said in 1983 that it was hoped that a new nomenclature could be adopted for the cytotypes of species complex in future. The special chromosome number of Pteris deltodon Bak .was counted in this work for the first time. It has 55 bivalents at meiosis of SMC. This number is the only exception in the genus Pteris, and shows that aneuploidy may have taken place in this genus. However, the pos sibility can not be ruled out that P. deltodon is an allotetraploid came from two diploid species respectively with the chromosome number 26 and 29. Pteris gallinopes described by Prof. Ching in i983 is an agamosporous tetraploid with 116 autobivalents at meiosis, different from the related triploid species P. dactylina Hook. and P. henryi Christ. P. ensiformis Burm^。 P. muftifida Poir. and P. semipinnata L. are sexual tetraploids with n=58. P. excelsa Gaud. and P. oshimensis Hieron. var. paraemeiensis Ching are agamosporous triploids with n = 87 autobivalents. P. wallichiana Agardh is a sexual diploid with n=29. The high frequency of polyploids and agamospory among these random sampled Chinese species futher confirms the conclusion that both polyploidy and apomixis have played an important role in speciation and evolution of the genus Pteris. Pteridium aquilimum (L.) Kunh var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex Heller and Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J. Sm. have n=52 and n=96 respectively. They are both sexual tetraploids. Their chromosome numbers show again that the genera Pteridium and Histiopteris are distinquished from the genus Pteris by different basic numbers. This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

金爪粉背蕨和硫磺粉背蕨的名实问题

对金爪粉背蕨Aleuritioteris veitchii（Christ）Ching、硫磺粉背蕨A.duclouxii var.sulphurea Ching和A.cremea处理为它的异名。该种的特征是根状茎上的鳞片为同色,狭披针形,叶片分裂较细且被硫磺色粉状物。硫磺粉背蕨A.duclouxii var.suplhurea根状茎上的鳞片明显二争,与上者不同,本文重新恢复了该变种名称。     

Unusual chromosome numbers in Paspalum L. (Poaceae: Paniceae) from Brazil

Somatic chromosome numbers were determined for 20 new germplasm accessions of Paspalum, belonging to 17 species collected in Brazil. Chromosome number is reported for the first time for P. reduncum (2n = 18), P. cinerascens (2n = 20), P. cordatum (2n = 20), P. filgueirasii (2n = 24), P. ammodes (2n = 36), P. bicilium (2n = 40), P. heterotrichon (2n = 40), and P. burmanii (2n = 48). New cytotypes were confirmed for two germplasm accessions of P. carinatum (2n = 30) and P. trachycoleon (2n = 36), one of P. clavuliferum (2n = 40) and one of P. lanciflorum (2n = 40), indicating variability in these species. The remaining chromosome numbers reported here confirm previous counts. The unexpected chromosome numbers 2n = 18, 24, 36, and 48 in Paspalum species, which are usually shown to be multiples of 10, suggest that much more collection and cytogenetic characterization are necessary to assess the whole chromosomal and genomic multiplicity present in the genus, which seems to be much more diverse than currently thought to be.     

国产８种蜘蛛抱属植物的核型研究

首次报道了８种蜘蛛抱属植物的核型,其中６种的染色体数目为首次报道,结果如下：峨边蜘蛛抱蛋Ａ.ebianensis,2n=2x=36=18m 2sm(2sat) 16st;盈江蜘蛛抱蛋Ａ．yingjiangensis,2n=2x=36=14m 6sm(2sat) 16st;海南蜘蛛抱蛋Ａ．hainensis,2n=2x=36=20m(2sat) 14st 2t;石山蜘蛛抱蛋Ａ.saxicola,2n=2x=36=16m 4sm(2sat) 16st;要蜘蛛抱蛋白Ａ.muricata,2n=2x=36=18m 2sm(2sat) 16st);啮边蛛抱蛋Ａ.marginella,2n=2x=38=22m 4sm(2sat) 12st;西林蜘蛛抱蛋Ａ.xillinensis,2n=4x=76=48m(4sat) 2sm 26st;十字蜘蛛抱蛋A.cruciformis,2n=4x=76=46m(4sat) 12sm 18st。核型类型都为２Ｃ型。首次在中国发现了Ａ.cruciformis和A.xilinensis的野生四倍体。根据外部形态性及已有的３８种植物的核型资料分析,认为该属染色体的原始基数可能为x=18,核型向对称性增强的方向演化,其主要表现在中部着丝粒染色体数目的增多,这种演化趋似与其花部结构的进化密切相关。     

Chromosome evolution in the genus Mikania (Compositae)

Karyotypic analysis of ten species of the genus Mikania was carried out using Feulgen staining. Species belonging to the following sections were analyzed: Section Thyrsigerae containing M. additicia (2n = 34), M. hemisphaerica, M. lanuginosa, and M. punctata (2n = 36), and Mikania sericea (2n = 42), which adds a new basic chromosome number (x = 21) to the genus and to the tribe Eupatorieae; Section Corymbosae with M. hastato-cordata (2n = 34) and M. involucrata and M. microptera with 2n = 36 chromosomes; Section Spicato-Racemosae with M. sessilifolia, with 2n = 108 chromosomes. One unidentified species with 2n = 34 chromosomes was also analyzed. All the species studied show one large pair of chromosomes with a secondary constriction in the middle region of the long arm. The morphology of this chromosome suggests that it can be considered as a cytological marker for the genus. Because of the distinctive inflorescence types found in the genus Mikania and the high frequency of species with x = 18, a correlation between morphological and chromosomal evolution is discussed. The present study suggests that the basic original chromosome number for the genus is x = 18, from which the others (x = 17, 19, 20, 21) have been derived by aneuploidy to form the observed aneuploid series.     

浙江省蕨类植物新记录

报道浙江省蕨类植物新记录种4个,即膜蕨科的毛蕗蕨Hymenophyllum exsertum Wall. ex Hook.、墨兰瓶蕨Vandenboschia cystoseiroides (Christ) Ching和管苞瓶蕨Vandenboschia kalamocarpa (Hayata) Ebihara,以及鳞毛蕨科的二型肋毛蕨Ctenitis dingnanensis Ching。凭证标本存放于浙江省景宁县林业局标本馆。     

山西蕨类植物新资料

报道了山西省新记录的蕨类植物6种1变种,隶属6科、7属,它们是井栏边草、东方狗脊、贵阳铁角蕨、雅致针毛蕨、沼泽蕨、毛轴假蹄盖蕨和高大耳蕨.     

Observations of Chromosomes of Malus Species in China

Somatic chromosome numbers of 37 forms (representing 22 species) of apples in China were counted using wall-degradation and hypotonic method. Among the species investigated 3 categories of chromosome numbers, i.e. 2n=34, 51 and 68 are confirmed. The chromosome numbers of the following species are here first reported: Malus ombrophila 2n= 34, M. prattii 2n=34, M. melliana 2n=34, Zhaojiaohonghua (M. sp.) 2n=34, and M. asiatica var. 2n=68. Polyploids (including infraspecific polyploids) account for 41% of the total number of the species investigated. 51 is a predominant number. It is suggested that ploidy variation is an important pathway in apple evolution in China, and triploid may be considered as a suitable evolution grade. There are rich apple germplasm resources in China. The systematic studies of this genus are obviously essential.     

A cytological study ofPelargonium sect.Eumorpha (Geraniaceae)

The chromosome numbers of seven species ofPelargonium sect.Eumorpha have been determined from material of known wild origin, and karyotypic comparisons have been made. Within the section there is variation in basic chromosome number (x = 4, 8, 9, 11), variation in chromosome size, and two species have polyploid races. The three species with chromosome numbers based on x = 11 have the smallest chromosomes (1.0–1.5 µm); chromosomes are larger (1.0–3.0 µm) in the other species.P. elongatum has the lowest chromosome number in the genus (2n = 8).P. alchemilloides is exceptional in that it has four cytotypes, 2n = 16, 18, 34 and 36, and the form with 2n = 36 has large chromosomes (2.0–5.0 µm). Evidence from a synthesized hybrid suggests thatP. alchemilloides with 2n = 16 may be of polyploid origin. The three species based on x = 11 appear to be more closely related to species from other sections ofPelargonium that have the same basic chromosome number and small chromosome size, rather than to other species of sect.Eumorpha.     

宽带蕨属（水龙骨科）的系统学研究

对喜马拉雅和横断山地区特有的水龙骨科的宽带蕨属Platygyria Ching&S.K.Wu植物进行了形态学、分类学、生态和植物地理学的观察与分析,探讨了该属植物的系统位置、亲缘关系和生态适应性,推测宽带蕨属是随着喜马拉雅山脉的隆升,由瓦韦属Lepisorus（J.Sm.）Ching网眼瓦韦群植物适应高寒生态环境演化而来的新生类群。确定宽带蕨属有5种,即川西宽带蕨P.soulieana（Christ）X.C.Zhang&Q.R.Liu、多变宽带蕨P.variabilis Ching&S.K.Wu、耳基宽带     

湖南省石松类和蕨类植物分布新记录

在2004年出版的《湖南植物志》中收录有标本考证的湖南省石松类和蕨类植物683种41变种10变型[1],截至2014年底,又陆续发表了70余个新记录[2-9]。2013年出版的《Flora of China》结合现代分子系统学和最新的研究成果,对大量植物物种进行归并和科属的重新划分,作为湖南省优势科属资源的一些种类数量也相应减少,如水龙骨科( Polypodiaceae)的鳞果星蕨属( Lepidomicrosorium Ching et K. H. Shing )和盾蕨属( Neolepisorus Ching ),鳞毛蕨科( Dryopteridaceae)的复叶耳蕨属( Arachniodes Blume)以及以武陵山区为中心分布的黔蕨属( Phanerophlebiopsis Ching)(归并到复叶耳蕨属Arachniodes Blume)等,书中仅记录湖南省分布的石松类和蕨类植物约434种(含变种、亚种和杂种)[10],数量相对较少,而湖南省分布的一些较珍稀的蕨类植物未有罗列,如川黔肠蕨也Diplaziopsis cavaleriana ( Christ) C. Chr.页、中华双扇蕨( Dipteris chinensis Christ )、全缘燕尾蕨也Cheiropleuria integrifolia ( D. C. Eaton ex Hook.) M. Kato页、睫毛蕨也Pleurosoriopsis makinoi ( Maxim. ex Makino) Fomin页[1]和心叶薄唇蕨也Leptochilus cantoniensis ( Baker) Ching页等[11]。作者根据近十年的相关文献[1-9,12],对湖南省分布的石松类和蕨类植物进行了梳理,统计出631种27变种2亚种和2杂种。自2013年开始,作者对湖南省东南部的莽山、西部的小溪以及西北部的八大公山等多个国家级自然保护区进行了野外考察,发现了湖南省石松类和蕨类植物新记录6种,分属于5科6属,它们的生境及形态特征见图1。凭证标本保存于上海辰山植物标本馆( CSH )。其中一些种类分布的海拔较低,对于湖南省蕨类植物区系特点、科属结构以及物种多样性演化等研究具有潜在价值。     

中国水韭属植物的染色体数目及其分类学意义

利用细胞学方法观察统计了中国4种水韭属Isoestes植物的染色体数目。结果发现4个种的染色体基数均为x=11,其中高寒水韭I．hypsophila Hand.-Mazz．为2n=22,为首次报道;台湾水韭 I．taiwanensis DeVol为2n=22;中华水韭I．sinensis Palmer 2n=44为四倍体;而产于云南贵州一带并一直被当作是宽叶水韭I．japonica A．Br．的水韭属植物2n=22,与文献报道的宽叶水韭(2n=66,67,77,87,88,89)完全不同,应重新予以认识和评价。依据本文和其他相关的研究结果,对东亚水韭属植物进行了分类处理。     

山东四种草本植物的核型研究

本文对山东４种草本植物进行了染色体研究。结果表明：阿尔泰狗哇花（Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｐａｐｐｕｓａｌ ｔａｉｃｕｓ（Ｗｉｌｄ）Ｎａｖｏｐｏｋｒ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝３６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝３６＝３６ｍ,核型“１Ａ”型;求米草（Ｏｐｌｉｓｍｅｎｕｓｕｎｄｕｌａｔｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ（Ａｒｄｕｉｎｏ）ＲｏｅｍｅｔＳｃｈｕｌｔ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝１２,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１２＝８ｍ＋４ｓｍ,核型“２Ａ”型;红秋葵（Ｈｉｂｉｓｃｕｓｃｏｃｉｎｅｕｓ（Ｍｅｄｉｃ）Ｗａｌｔ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝３８,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝３８＝１４ｍ＋２２ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ,核型“２Ｂ”型;蟋蟀草（Ｅｌｅｕｓｉｎｅｉｎｄｉｃａ（Ｌ）Ｇａｅｒｔｎ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝１８,核型公式为ｋ（２ｎ）＝１８＝１６ｍ＋２ｓｍ,核型“２Ａ”型。     

黑轴凤丫蕨复合群的分类修订

凤丫蕨属(Coniogramme Fée)种间界限模糊,存在过渡类型,是蕨类植物中分类比较困难的类群之一。黑轴凤丫蕨(C.robusta(H.Christ) H.Christ)是凤丫蕨属植物中比较特殊的种类之一。本文在标本考证、野外考察和微形态研究的基础上对该种的分类进行了订正。将假黑轴凤丫蕨(C.pseudorobusta Ching et Shing)和新黑轴凤丫蕨(C.neorobusta Ching et Shing)归并到黑轴凤丫蕨。同时对该种下的两个变种黄轴凤丫蕨(C.robusta var. splendens Ching et Shing)和棕轴凤丫蕨(C.robusta var. rependula Ching et Shing)重新定义模式标本。     

中国蜘蛛抱蛋属的细胞分类学研究Ⅱ

报道了 11种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的染色体数目和核型。结果如下 :伞柱蜘蛛抱蛋 ** ,2 n=36 =2 0 m+6 sm(2 sat) +10 st,属 2 C型 ;辐花蜘蛛抱蛋 ** ,2 n=38=2 2 m+6 sm(2 sat) +10 st,属 2 C型 ;棒蕊蜘蛛抱蛋 **,2 n =36 =18m +8sm (2 sat) +10 st,属 2 C型 ;柳江蜘蛛抱蛋 **,2 n=38=2 0 m +6 sm(2 sat) +12 st,属 2 C型 ;小花蜘蛛抱蛋 ,2 n=38=16 m +4sm +8st (2 sat) +10 t,属 3C型 ;线叶蜘蛛抱蛋 ** ,2 n=36 =2 0 m(2 sat) +16 st,属 2 C型 ;罗甸蜘蛛抱蛋 ,2 n=38=16 m+6 sm(2 sat) +16 st,属 2 C型 ;四川蜘蛛抱蛋 ,2 n=38=2 4 m +4sm+10 st (2 sat) ,属 2 C型 ;广东蜘蛛抱蛋 ,2 n=36 =18m +2 sm(2 sat) +16 st,属 2 C型 ;洞生蜘蛛抱蛋 **,2 n=36 =18m +2 sm(2 sat) +14st+2 t,属 2 C型 ;大花蜘蛛抱蛋 ,2 n=36 =16 m+6 sm(2 sat) +14st,属 3C型。其中棒蕊蜘蛛抱蛋、柳江蜘蛛抱蛋、线叶蜘蛛抱蛋和洞生蜘蛛抱蛋的染色体数目和核型以及广东蜘蛛抱蛋的核型均为首次报道。     

七种药用植物的染色体研究

对山东７种药用植物的染色体进行了研究。结果表明：田旋花（ＣｏｎｖｏｌｖｕｌｕｓａｒｖｅｎｓｉｓＬ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝７８;蜜柑草（ＰｈｙｌａｎｔｈｕｓｍａｔｓｕｍｕｒａｅＨａｖａｔａ）的染色体数目为ｎ＝８８;挂红灯（ＰｈｙｓａｌｉｓａｌｋｅｋｅｎｇｉＬｖａｒｆｒａｎｃｈｅｔｉ（Ｍａｓｔ）Ｍａｋｉｎｏ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２４,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝２ｍ＋１８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋２ｓｔ（ｓａｔ）,核型“２Ａ”型;无剌曼陀罗（ＤａｔｕｒａｓｔｒａｍｏｎｉｕｍＬｖａｒｉｎｅｒｍｉｓ（Ｊａｃｑ）ＳｃｈｉｎｚｅｔＴｈｅｌ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２４,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝２０ｍ＋４ｓｍ,核型“１Ｂ”型;决明（ＣａｓｉａｔｏｒａＬ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２６＝２４ｍ＋２ｓｍ,核型“１Ａ”型;荔枝草（ＳａｌｖｉａｐｌｅｂｅｉａＲＢｒ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝１６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１６＝６ｍ＋１０ｓｍ,核型“２Ａ”型;车前（ＰｌａｎｔａｇｏａｓｉａｔｉｃａＬ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝３６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝３６＝３２ｍ＋４ｓｍ,核型“１Ａ”型。     

国产8种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的核型研究

首次报道了8种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的核型,其中6种的染色体数目为首次报道。结果如下：峨边蜘蛛抱蛋A．ebianensis,2n=2x=36=18m+2sm(2sat)十16st;盈江蜘蛛抱蛋A．yingjiangensis,2n=2x=36=14m+6sm(2sat)十16st;海南蜘蛛抱蛋A．hainanensis,2n=2x=36=20m(2sat)十14st十2t;石山蜘蛛抱蛋A．saxicola,2n=2x=36=16m十4sm(2sat)十16st;糙果蜘蛛抱蛋A．muricata,2n=2x=36=18m+2sm(2sat)十16st;啮边蜘蛛抱蛋A．marginella,2n=2x=38=22m+4sm(2sat)十12st;西林蜘蛛抱蛋A．xilin-ensis,2n=4x=76=48m(4sat)十2sm+26st;十字蜘蛛抱蛋A．cruciformis,2n=4x=76=46m(4sat)十12sm十18st。核型类型都为2C型。首次在中国发现了A．cruciformis和A．xilinensis的野生四倍体。根据外部形态性状及已有的38种植物的核型资料分析,认为该属染色体的原始基数可能为x=18,核型向对称性增强的方向演化,其主要表现在中部着丝粒染色体数目的增多,这种演化趋势似与其花部结构的进化密切相关。关键词 蜘蛛抱蛋属;染色体数目;核型;进化