云南产四种伞形科植物的核型

采用常规制片方法观察了云南产杏叶茴芹（Pimpinella candolleana）、细软茴芹（Pimpinella flaccida）、圆锥丝瓣芹（Acronema paniculatum）和中国特有属植物云南细裂芹（Harrysmithia dissecta）根尖细胞的染色体组成。发现这4种植物的染色体数目都是18,除了杏叶茴芹核型公式为2n=2sm＋16st,其他3种都为2n=18st。由此认为茴芹属、丝瓣芹属和细裂芹属不仅具有相同的染色体基数9,且染色体形态极其相似,是亲缘关系较近的类群,支持将其置于葛缕子亚族的分类处理,但怀疑细裂芹属之属的分类地位。     

A revision of the genus Dopatrium (Scrophulariaceae-Gratioloideae)

The genus Dopatrium is revised and 14 species are recognized. The distribution and ecology of each species is described and illustrations and distribution maps are provided. The new combination Dopatrium tenerum is proposed.     

A Study on the Chinese Ormosia Jacks. (Cont.)

The first classification for the genus Ormosia was proposed by Bentham. It was followed by Taubert (1892) in Engler and Prantl’s Nat. Pflanzenf., who divided the genus into 2 sections. On the basis of the pod structure and seed characters Prain (1900) arranged the genus in 2 sections with 4 subsections. In the monograph on the genus Merrill and L. Chen ( 1943 ) limited their taxonomic study to Chinese and Indo-Chinese species, and recognized 34 species and 15 series. Recently Yakovlev (1971-1976) has treated the genus in 6 separate genera. In the present paper the author recognizes 35 species, of which 7 species and 2 varieties are new. The Chinese species of the genus are grouped into 3 sections and 6 series inmy classification.     

山茶属植物的染色体数目和核型

本文对已报道的(包括作者的研究)山茶属植物的染色体数目和核型作一简单的讨论,结合地理分布情况,提出由二倍体向多倍体进化可能是山茶属植物进化的一个重要途径。山茶属植物的核型多为Stebbins核型分类的“2A”型,表明山茶属植物是一个较原始的种系。本文中12种的染色体数目和2种的核型为首次报道。     

Pollen morphology and seed surface features of the genus Dactylicapnos Wall.

Pollen grains and seed surface features of the four species in the genus Dactylicapnos Wall. (Papaveraceae) from China were studied under light mi cros cope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Pollen grains are usually subs pheroidal in shape, an     

A Monographic Revision of the Fern Genus Neolepisorus Ching

The genus Neolepisorus Ching was proposed in 1940 and then consisted of five species including the type, Polypodium ovatum Wall. ex Hook. et Grev. The generic sense of Neolepisorus is now more homogenour than originally constructed. Strictly speaking, the genus then had only three species: Polypodium ovatum Wall. ex Hook. et Grev. of the Himalayas and China, P. ensatum Thunb. of Japan, and China, and P. lastii Baker of Africa (Madagascar). Since then our knowledge of the genus has substantially been enriched, as there are now 10 species known from China as described in the present paper. Phylogenetically, the genus Neolepisorus is a natural one in the family Polypodiaceae, beiny closely related to Nicrosorium Link, Calysis Presl and Tricholepidium Ching in general habit, scale structure, spores and chromosome numbers (x = 36), while its affinity with the genus Lepisorus (J. Sm.) Ching is much less close in these respects. From its related genera Neolepisorus differs in terestrial habit,typically long-stipitate simple fronds, distinct lateral main veins with 1--3(4) striate and irregularly dispersed sori covered when young with angular, clathrate and long-stalked paraphyses. One marked morphological peculiarity of the genus Neolepisorus is, however, that the fronds in many species from Guizhou and Sichuan are so divided into more or less similarly pinnatifid or lobed monstrous shapes that their proper identity is frequently indiscernible--a character not yet seen in ferns of other genera in China at least. It offers an interesting research subject for the morphologists. Geographically, the genus Neolepisorus is mainly Chinese. Except one species endemic to Afrira (Madagascar), one in Indo Himalayas, upper Burma, nothern Thailand, Indo-China and China and the third species in Japan and China, all are found endemic to China,northwards to the southern part of Shaanxi (Shensi) Province, south of the Tsing-ling Range. Ecologically, they all prefer half-sunny floor under secondary forests or among shrubberies.     

A study of the genus Aleuritopteris Fée in China

As a genus, Aleuritopteris was first founded by Fée upon Pteris farinosa Forsk. in 1852. The genus had been ever since, however, practically forgotten, because it did not receive a general recognition among the fern students, who considered it either as Cheilanthes (Baker. 1897, Diels, 1900, C. Christensen 1905), or placed it in Pellaea (Hooker. 1858, Hope et Wright 1903). Ching (1941) first reinstated the status of Aleuritopteris and later followed by Copeland (1947), Panigrahi (1961, 1962.) and Pichi-Sermolli (1975). In recent years, however, some pteridologists (Nayar, 1962, K. Iwatsuki and others) are still against it as a distinct genus. Our recent study of the rich material on hand has shown Aleuritopteris to be a distinct genus, according to both the morphological characteristics and geographical distribution. We further propose the possibly evolutionary relationships of Aleuritopteris with other related genera of the Cheilanthoid ferns, as indicated by the above scheme. The genus is now represcented by a little more than 30 species, of which 25 areknown in China, among which 8 species and 3 varieties are diescribed for the first time.     

Fries所著Observationes Mycologicae(cancellans issue再版)中虫草属及其相关种的名称(英文)

Fries 1818年所著Observationes Mycologicae(cancellans issue再版)中,发表了虫草属Cordyceps及该属13个新组合(11个种,2个变种)。而在这部著作的原始版本中,它们是以Cordylia nom.illegit.和Cordylia属的13个组合记载的。17个在原始版本中缺失的名称,再版时处理为7个新种、5个新组合、2个不合法名称和3个裸名。     

中国柴胡属染色体数目和核型研究

采用植物染色体常规压片技术,报道了中国柴胡属(Bupleurum L .)13种5变种24个居群的染色体数目,其中4种5变种为首次报道,同时报道了5种1变种的细胞核型.除天山柴胡两个居群、紫花鸭跖柴胡一个居群和北柴胡一个居群是多倍体外,其它均为二倍体.主要结论如下:(1)秦岭柴胡和细茎有柄柴胡处理为独立的种更为合适;紫花阔叶柴胡作为大叶柴胡变种的处理是合理的;黄花鸭跖柴胡处理为紫花鸭跖柴胡的变种是不合理的.(2)紫花鸭跖柴胡和北柴胡可能都是还没有被完全认识的复合类群,需要进一步研究.(3)x=7可能是柴胡属的原始基数.     

四川贡嘎山地区杜鹃属的地理分布及区系组成

贡嘎山地区位于青藏高原的东南缘,横断山系的东北段,现有杜鹃属植物73种4变种2亚种。在贡嘎山地区东坡的不同垂直高度上分布有43种(包括变、亚种)杜鹃,西坡则分布有63种(包括变、亚种)。贡嘎山地区杜鹃属植物的区系组成属于泛北极植物区,大致分为:1、中国-日本森林植物亚区,只有1种杜鹃。2、中国-喜马拉雅森林植物亚区,有78种(包括4变种, 2亚种),其中(1)1种分布于西藏、云南,并经云南入缅甸分布;(2)44种为四川特产;(3)5种为贡嘎山地区特有种。另外,贡嘎山地区杜鹃属植物区系还有其特点:1、贡嘎山地区是杜鹃属植物分布中心之一;2、贡嘎山地区是杜鹃属植物分化中心之一;3、贡嘎山地区杜鹃属植物有垂直替代现象。     

Taximetrics study of varieties of Bidens pilosa species

Hooker (1882) has reported three varieties in Bidens pilosa species i. e., pilosa Proper, Linn. bipinnata Linn. and decomposita Wall. Clarke (1876) has included var. decomposita into B. pilosa proper. Taxonomic position of varieties pilosa proper and bipinnata is much confusing in literature. Babu (1977)has raised varieties pilosa proper and bipinnata as distinct species level into B. pilosa and B. bipinnata respectively. The present taximetric study also justified the distinction of these varieties as specific level. Hooker has reported three varieties of species B. pilosa i.e., pilosa proper Linn., bipinnata Linn., and decomposita Wall. from the Himalayan region of India. Clarke (1876) has included var. decomposita into B. pilosa proper. During taxonomic work on the family Compositae author has found that taxonomic position of var. pilosa proper and bipinnata is much confusing in literature. Babu (1977) has raised varieties pilosa proper and bipinnata as distinct species level. Looking to this discretion, it was de-eided to use taximetrics in interpreting taxonomic status of these taxa.     

瑞香属和荛花属的数量分类研究

瑞香属和荛花属为瑞香科瑞香亚科的落叶或常绿灌木,中国西南部是瑞香属和荛花属的重要分化中心。全世界共有瑞香属95种、荛花属70种,中国分布有瑞香属52种、荛花属49种。瑞香属和荛花属的分类学研究一直存在不同程度的分歧。花盘形状和果实类型在传统分类中一直是区分瑞香属和荛花属的典型特征,而花盘形态和果实类型在2个属中存在交叉和过渡,部分植物分类学家根据这些特征将两个属进行过不同程度的归并。该研究采用数量分类法对瑞香属77种(变种)和荛花属62种(变种)植物,选取32个形态学性状进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果表明:聚类分析和主成分分析均显示两属均未形成单系类群。在主成分分析中,前3个主成分分析的贡献值为35.56%,传统分类中用来区分两属的花盘形状、叶序及果实类型等特征对前3个主成分贡献相对较小,因此,传统分类学中对这两个属进行区分的性状并没有典型的分类学意义。同时,聚类图和主成分分析得到的散点图均不能将这两个属区分开来。数量分类研究结果显示两属植物存在明显的交叉,支持瑞香属和荛花属不是两个独立自然类群的观点。     

Low incidence of polyploids and high uniformity of karyotypes displayed by Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) in the Hengduan Mountains region of south‐west China

The chromosome numbers and morphology in 92 populations belonging to 49 species and three varieties in the genus Delphinium L. (Ranunculaceae), mostly from the Hengduan Mountains region of south‐west China, were studied. Forty seven species and three varieties were diploid, with 2n = 16, one species was tetraploid, with 2n = 32, and one species had diploid and tetraploid cytotypes. Three species had B chromosomes, representing the first time the occurrence of B chromosomes has been reported in the genus. The karyotypes of all the diploid species were quite uniform, commonly bimodal, and usually consisted of one pair of large median‐centromeric (m), one pair of large submedian‐centromeric (sm), five pairs of medium‐sized subterminal‐centromeric (st), and one pair of smaller sm (rarely st) chromosomes. The low incidence of polyploids in Delphinium from the Hengduan Mountains region indicates that polyploidy has played a minor role in the speciation of this highly diversified genus in the region. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158 , 172–188.     

Incidence of seed-borne fungi and aflatoxins in Sudanese lentil seeds

Thirteen seed samples of lentil (Lens esculenta) were incubated on agar plate and moist filter papers (Moist Chambers) at 28 ± 2 °C for determination of the incidence of seed-borne fungi. Aflatoxins content of the seeds was measured using the bright greenish-yellow fluorescence test (BGYF) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Sixty-nine species and seven varieties, which belong to 24 genera of fungi, were isolated from this crop. Of these fungi, 51 species and two varieties are considered new for this crop, whereas seven genera and 13 species are new to the mycoflora of the Sudan. The genus Aspergillus (13 species and 6 varieties) which comprising 44% of the total colony count was the most prevalent genus followed by Rhizopus (2 species, 19%), Penicillium (6 species) and Fusarium (8 species) (12%), Chaetomium (3 species) and Cladosporium (5 species) (6%), where the 18 genera (1–4 species) showed very low level of incidence (19%). Of the possible pathogens of lentil plants, F. oxysporum the main cause of vascular wilt was recovered from seeds of this crop. Thin layer chromatographic analysis of chloroform extracts of 13 seed samples showed that only one samples was naturally contaminated with aflatoxins B₁, B₂, G₁ and G₂ (14.3 μg/kg). This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中国金合欢属植物的分类,分布及其区系的起源

本文对中国金合欢属(Acacia Miller)的分类、分布及其区系的起源进行了初步的研究;初步确立了本地区金合欢属植物约13种,3变种,其中包括2个新记录种,2个新变种;它们主要分布在西南及华南热带亚热带地区,尤以云南为最多。中国的金合欢届种类较贫乏,主要属Subgen. Aculeiferum,且几乎都是较原始的“A. pennata”体态,大都处于其分布区的边缘,种间关系较密切,区系比较年轻。该区系是中南半岛金合欢区系的一部分,除Subgen. Heterophyllum是来自澳洲外,其余最终通过印度板块来自非洲。     

A study of the alkaloids in Cephalotaxus and their bearing on the chemotaxonomic problems of the genus

The family Cephalotaxaceae contains so far known only 1 genus with 8 species and possibly 2-3 varieties mostly native in China. In recent years, some ester alkaloids of Cephalotaxus have been shown significant activity in a variety of experimental leukemia systems. 6 species (including varieties) of the genus have been investigated for their alkaloids. The detected alkaloids in Cephalotaxaceous plants, from the chemotaxonomic point of view, may be of some significance to the plant systemstics. Our present study has indicated that: (1) The species C. sinensis and C. fortunei (C. oliveri ?) are chemically considered to be more primitive than others, while C. harringtonia, C. hainanensis and C. wilsoniana (including C. mannii?) seem to be derived. (2) Chemical evidence has suggested that the genus Cephalotaxus be accorded a family rank. (3) On the basis of morphology, anatomy, embryogeny, geographical distribution etc., the recent findings in the chemistry of Cephalotaxaceae support the inclusion of Cephalotaxaceae, Taxaceae and Podocarpaceae in Taxineae of Coniferales. (4) C. fortunei, C. hainanensis and C. oliveri (C. harringtonia) contain richer ester alkaloids than other species of the genus. C. fortunei which has a wide distribution and great amount in many provinces of China, may prove to be a good new resource for antitumor medicine.     

A Preliminary Study of Microalgae in the Intertidal Zones of the Deception Island,Antarctica

his paper first presents a report on the composition and distribution of microalgae in the intertidal zones of the Deception Island, Antarctica. These microalgae samples were collected from six mud-sand flats stations on 21 January 1987. 179 taxa of microalgae belonging to Bacillariophyta (125 species, 25 varieties and 2 forma, 34 genera), Cyanophyta (18 species and 2 varieties, 6 genera), Pyrrophyta (6 species, 4 genera) and Chrysophyta (1 species 1 genus) were observed. The six dominant microalgae in each habitat are Fragilaria bongrainii, F. oceanica, F. striatula, F. islandica, Navicula antarctica and Synedra kerguelensis var. antarctica. Rhabdonema arcuatum, Cocconeis antiqua and Licmophora gracilis are abundant in station 4, 5 and 6. Oscillatoria spp., Lyngbya antarctica, Phormidium antarcticum and Nodularia spp. are also abundant in station 1, 2 and 3. The values of diversity indice for microalgae varied from 2. 85 to 6.86. The values of similarity indice in microalgae composition between biotopes ranged from 32 to 79 for pairs of stations. Microalgal species composition and quantitative distribution are depended on per cent contents of mud-sand and claysilt at different stations.