Study on Heat Sensitivity of Esterase Isozymes in Maise Inbreds

Crude extracts of 44 maize inbred seeds were treated under different temperatures, i. e. 50, 55, 60, 65 and 70℃, in order to determine their heat sensitivity of esterase isozymes. The results showed large discrepancy of heat sensitivity of anodic esterase isozymes between different or same relative mobility bands of isozyme, but similar inactivating temperature (65℃) of the cathodic ones for different inbreds. The heat sensitivity of isozymes for inbreds may be adopted in the identification of variation and purity of inbred and hybrid seeds of maize.     

九种蹄盖蕨科植物配子体的酯酶同工酶分析

本文培养了蹄盖蕨科９个种即中华蹄盖蕨（Ａｔｈｙｒｉｕｍｓｉｎｅｎｓｅ）带岭蹄盖蕨（Ａ．ｄａｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｅ）、多齿蹄盖蕨（Ａ．ｍｕｌｔｉｄｅｎｔａｔｕｍ）（包括青柄和紫柄２种带岭蹄蕨类型）、东北蛾眉蕨（Ｌｕｎａｔｈｙｒｉｕｍｐｙｃｎｏｓｏｒｕｍ）、朝鲜介蕨（Ｄｒｙｏａｔｈｙｒｉｕｍｃｏｒｅａｎｕｍ）、山冷蕨（Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｓｕｄｅｔｉｃａ）、假冷蕨（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｃｙｓｔｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｓｐｉｎｕｌｏｓａ）、欧洲羽节蕨（Ｇｙｍｎｏｃａｒｐｉｕｍｄｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ）和黑鳞短肠蕨（Ａｌａｎｔｏｄｉａｃｒｅｎａｔａ）的配子体为材料,进行酯酶同工酶的分析,以表明它们的种间差异,其中多齿蹄盖蕨的青柄和紫柄两种类型的酶谱存在明显差异,应考虑紫柄为多齿蹄盖蕨的变型。     

Application of Esterase Isozymes for Garlic Ecotype Identification

Expression of esterase isozymes from cloves of bolting and non-bolting garlic clones belonging to winter and summer ecotypes were analyzed. The isozyme patterns were obtained by means of vertical block electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. Quantitative and qualitative differences between loci of winter and summer garlic ecotype were found. This fact substantiates application of the isoesterases for identification of garlic clones.     

黑斑蛙乳酸脱氢酶和酯酶同功酶的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,分析了黑斑蛙肝脏和眼球中的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和酯酶（EST）同功酶,乳酸脱氢酶有3个遗传位点,Ldh-2和Ldh-3在肝脏和眼球中均表达,而Ldh-1仅在眼球中表达,这3个位点均为单态。酯酶共有10个点,其中Est-2、Est-4和Est-8为多态位点,Est-1、Est-2和Est-3在肝脏中表达,且活力很高,而在眼球中不表达。     

Studies on the Molecular Weights of Esterase and Peroxidase Isozymes of Maize

The molecular weights of esterase and peroxidase isozymes of maize seedlings were directly determined by improved polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. The different isozyme bands developed in polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis (uniform gel) were identified in polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis by means of isozyme variants. The molecular weights of esterase isozymes E1, E2, E3F, E3S, a, b, c, named according to isozyme patterns in uniform gel, are <20000, 35200, 33000, 38500, 29900, 28500, 34000 doltons respectively. The molecular weights of peroxidase isozymes PX4F and PX4S are 131000 and 149000 doltons respectively. According to the band location in uniform gel and in gradient gel, some biochemical properties of the isozyme bands and relationships between the isozyme bands were analyzed. The possible errors in the determination of smaller molecular weight isozymes are discussed.     

角类肥蛛体躯不同部位酯酶同工酶的比较分析

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法对角类肥蛛(Lariniodes cornuta)头胸部和腹部的酯酶同工酶酶谱进行了比较分析。结果表明,角类肥蛛的酯酶是单体酶,头胸部和腹部的酯酶酶谱差异显著。腹部的酯酶呈现4个位点:Est-1、Est-2、Est-3、Est-4。Est-1和Est-4位点为纯合基因型,Est-2和Est-3位点为杂合基因型。头胸部的酯酶仅表现出2个位点:Est-2和Est-3,且这2个位点是纯合基因型。不同个体之间头胸部的酯酶没有明显差异,Est-2b和Est-3a可以作为鉴别角类肥蛛的特征酶带;腹部的酯酶则存在明显的个体差异,在Est-2和Est-3位点的基因杂合度为h2=h3=0·4779。由此可见,酯酶同工酶可以作为角类肥蛛遗传变异的分子标记,是研究个体间遗传差异、居群的遗传结构以及种间进化关系的基础。     

Geographic Variation of Esterase Isozymes in Populations of Alternaria mali on Apple Leaves

The 500 monoconidial isolates of Alternaria mali occurring in different locations, Suweon, Cheongju, Kochang, Daegu and Jinju, Korea, in 1983 were used to examine geographic variation of esterase isozymes. The electrophoretic patterns of esterases were qualitatively and quantitatively different between isolates. The 14 different bands were detected on the basis of the decreasing electrophoretical mobility, although all bands were not present in any of the isolates. A comparison of the frequency of esterase isozymes at different bands showed marked variations among the geographic locations. The geographic distance between A. mali populations did not correlate strongly with divergence in esterase isozymes, whereas A. mali populations within a geographic feature were more closely related than populations separated by a mountain range.     

Variability of Storage Proteins and Esterase Isozymes in Vicia Sativa Subspecies

The relationships among 20 samples belonging to 6 subspecies of Vicia sativa based on the variability of seed storage proteins and esterase isozyme electrophoretic patterns was discussed in relation to variation in their morphology and chromosome characters. Electrophoretic protein profiles of different accessions of the same subspecies showed identical (e.g. macrocarpa and cordata) or similar (e.g. amphicarpa) patterns, confirming the stablity of seed storage proteins within these subspecies. However, considerable variation of protein patterns were observed within accessions of both nigra and sativa subspecies, which could be correlated to different geographical origins. Esterase pattern revealed a sharp distinction for each subspecies according to the number and loci of allelic bands. The dendrogram delimited the subspecies incisa and sativa as two separate groups, while the other subspecies were grouped together in another group.     

小麦基因组研究进展

本文从小麦遗传图谱、物理图谱、比较基因组、基因组测序和EST 5个方面,介绍国内外小麦基因组的研究进展。我们利用W7984×Opata重组近交系的RFLP作图群体,对33个与小麦水分利用效率有关的性状进行了QTL遗传图谱比较分析,结果显明：在第一部分同源群染色体（1A,1B）上的着丝粒周围,分布有控制光合作用和根系特性的基因簇。在第二部分同源染色体上,有控制单株水分利用效率、根冠形态和生长发育的基因簇存在。在第六部分同源染色体上,6A和6B上都分别有由控制根系多个QTL组成的基因簇,6D染色体着丝粒周围有一个大的基因簇,由7个控制叶片和单株水分利用效率的QTL组成,说明第六部分同源染色体在小麦水分利用效率遗传方面起重要作用。 Abstract:Research development of genetic mapping,physics mapping,genome sequencing and expressed sequence tags in wheat have been reviewed in this paper.RFLP genetic linkage map of wheat recombinant inbred lines derived from W7984×Opata,was used to study QTL of 33 traits associated with water use efficiency.Compared with QTL map of 7 group homeologues chromosomes,the results were showed as follows:nearby the centromeric region of 1A and 1B chromosome,the gene cluster of controlling photosynthetic and root traits were located.The gene clusters of controlling water use efficiency per plant,root and plant height and growth rate were located on the 2 group chromosomes.The gene clusters of controlling root traits were located on the 6A an 6B chromosome,there was a big gene cluster mad up by 7 QTLs controlling water use efficiency of wheat leaf and per plant nearby the centromeric region of 6D chromosome.It showed that 6th homeologous chromosomes play an important role in controlling water use efficiency in wheat.     

Studies on the Esterase Isozymes in the New Lines of Progeny of the F1 Hybrid Rice

The new lines Nanhua 5, Nanhua 11, Shanyou 39, and Shanyou 59, are high-yield lines derived from the F1 hybrid rice, Nanyou 2 and Shanyou 2 by means of tissue culture and selec- tion. Five isozymes, esterase, peroxidase, ATP-ase, malate dehydrogenase and glulamate dehydrogenase from the new lines, the F1 hybrid rices and their parents, were analyzed by starch and polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis. There are no difference in zymogrames of ATPase, malate dehydrogenase, glulamate dehydrogenase, between the F1 hybrid and its parents. But the F1 hybrid rice contains complemental bands of anodal esterase EA2, EA3 and cathodal esterase EC1, EC2, EC3, EC4, The esterase zymogram of seeds of Nanhua 5, Nanhua 11 and Shanyou 39, Shanyou 59 could be observed in the progeny of the F2 hybrid rice. The results indicated that the new lines would be possibly derived from the progeny of the F1 hybrid by means of tissue culture and selection.     

Spectrum Analysis of Esterase Isozymes of culti-species and wild Species in Arachis

The electrophoresis analysis of isozymes of Arachis show a very close relationship among four types of cultispecies (A. hypogaea) and A. monticola, the tetraploid wild species is a related species. Among the five diploid wild species of Arachis Section, both A. cardenasii with A genome and A. batizocoi with B genome are found to be relatively nearer to cultis'pecies than A. correntina, A. stenosperma and A. villosa, while A. rigonii of Erectoides Section and A. pusilla of Triseminala Section are the distant species.     

褐云玛瑙螺（Achatina fulica）胚胎发育不同时间酯酶同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,分析了褐云玛瑙螺胚胎发育不同时间的酯酶（ＥＳＴ）同工酶。实验结果表明,在２５℃控温条件下胚胎发育早期ＥＳＴ同工酶谱带显示较弱;到初孵幼螺前的整个发育阶段的ＥＳＴ同工酶谱带呈逐渐递增趋势;初孵幼螺ＥＳＴ同工酶谱带增多。两种不同温度（在３０℃控温条件下进行了胚胎发育三个不同时间的ＥＳＴ同工酶分析）下胚胎发育至８小时的ＥＳＴ 同工酶谱带差异显著。初孵幼螺前２４小时的胚胎发育ＥＳ     

四种蝽科昆虫酯酶同工酶的比较研究(半翅目: 蝽科)

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳研究分析了半翅目 Hemiptera 蝽科Pentatomidae4种蝽象、赤条蝽雌雄不同个体的酯酶同工酶。结果表明 ,4种蝽象酯酶同工酶酶谱有明显差异 ,每个种都有自己的特征谱型 ;赤条蝽不同个体酶谱差异较小 ,性别差异大于个体差异 ,但都小于种间差异。     

荞麦属植物三叶期幼叶酯酶同工酶研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对荞麦属(Fagopyrum Mill)8个种(含大粒组7个种和小粒组1个种)29份栽培及野生荞麦植株三叶期幼叶的酯酶同工酶进行了研究.结果发现:酯酶同工酶酶带共31条,不同物种的酶带数4～9条,其中甜荞有8条带,而苦荞为9条.酶带分析及聚类分析表明:大粒组荞麦种的谱带与细野荞(F.gracilipes)等小粒组荞麦种间差异极大,甜荞(F.esculentum)和苦荞(F.tataricum)酶带分别与大野荞(F.megaspartanium)和毛野荞(F.pilus)相似,并分别与大野荞和毛野荞聚类最近, 提示大野荞和毛野荞可能分别是甜荞和苦荞的祖先种.     

六种石磺科贝类超氧化物歧化酶和酯酶同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳分离技术对中国东南沿海的石磺科6种石磺的腹足、肝胰脏两种组织的超氧化物歧化酶和酯酶同工酶进行分析.明确了其酶谱的特征及分布,并利用聚类分析方法对种间的亲缘关系进行了研究.同工酶聚类分析显示,紫色疣石磺(Peronia verruculata)和小紫疣石磺(Peronia sp.)的亲缘关系最近;里氏拟石磺(Paraoncidium reevesii)和白底拟石磺(Paraoncidium sp.)聚为一类;平疣桑椹石磺(Platevindex mortoni)和瘤背石磺(Onchidium struma)聚为一类.种间的个体酶谱表型有差异,同属的种间差异小于不同属的种间差异.酶谱的差异程度与形态分类学中的亲缘关系相近.利用超氧化物歧化酶同工酶和酯酶同工酶酶谱表型也可以作为一种蛋白分子标记应用于石磺科属种的分类鉴定.     

Esterase Isozyme of Indigenous Wheat to China

Esterase isozyme of dry seeds, anthers and immature seeds from 54 accessions of indigenous wheat to China was analysed. The result showed the specialties of esterase isozyme in different tissues. There were 12 zymogram types of esterase isozyme in 54 materials. A special marked band, esterase isozyme band 2A, was found in Xinjiang wheat. Cluster analysis suggested that (1) Yunnan wheat was geneticaly close related to Tibet semi-wild wheat. Both of them are in the same level of evolution and belong to one taxonomical group. (2) Common wheat and Tibet common wheat belong to one group and (3) Xinjiang wheat is a special group, having its own evolutionary process.