黑曲霉A3木聚糖酶酶学性质研究

黑曲霉A3(AspergillusnigerA3)的固体培养物浸出液,经过多步分离纯化后,获得三个组份的木聚糖酶,称为xⅠ、xⅡ和xⅢ.经7%凝胶浓度的盘状电泳分析均为单一组份.经等电聚焦电泳测xⅠ、xⅡ和xⅢ的等电点分别为6.8、5.5和6.1.SDS-PAGE测得亚基分子量(Da)分别为xⅠ,42000;xⅡ,20000;xⅢ,31000.三个酶组份的最适反应温度分别为xⅠ,40℃;xⅡ,50℃;xⅢ,50℃.最适反应pHxⅠ,3.5;xⅡ,4.5;xⅢ,5.0.保温一个小时后,酶的半失活温度分别为xⅠ,55.6℃;xⅡ,54.8℃;xⅢ,46.6℃.金属离子Ag+、Hg2+、Ni2+和脲对不同的酶组份具有一定的影响.     

黑曲霉A3木聚糖酶酶学性质研究

黑曲霉Ａ３（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｎｉｇｅｒ Ａ３）的固体培养物浸出液,经过多步分离纯化后,获得三个组份的木聚糖酶,称为ｘⅠ、ｘⅡ和ｘⅢ。经７％凝胶浓度的盘状电泳分析均为单一组份。经等电聚焦电泳测ｘⅠ、ｘⅡ和ｘⅢ。的等电点分别为６．８、５．５和６．１。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测得亚基分子量（Ｄａ）分别为ｘⅠ,４２０００;ｘⅡ,２００００;ｘⅢ,３１０００。三个酶组份的最适反应温度分别为ｘⅠ,４０℃;ｘⅡ     

绿色木霉木聚糖酶的纯化和性质

绿色木霉木聚糖酶经分离纯化后,获得三个组分木聚糖酶,称为XⅠ,XⅡ和XⅢ,它们最反应温度分别为60℃、60℃、50℃,pH分别为5．5、5．0、0、4．5,pⅠ分别为XⅠ3．8,XⅡ3．4,XⅢ3．6。半失活温度分别为XⅠ37℃,XⅡ44℃,XⅢ40℃。     

黑曲霉M89菊粉酶的提纯与性质

黑曲霉(Aspergillusniger）M89菊粉酶经硫酸铵分级盐析、SephadexG-200凝胶过滤、DEAE-纤维素离子交换层析、聚丙烯酞胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）制备分离,提纯到4个菊粉酶组分EⅠ、EⅡ、EⅢ和EⅣ。用SDS-PAGE测定分子量分别为102．6、97．9、61．2和36．5kD;用等电聚焦电泳测得其等电点分别为4．15、4．24、4．48和4．15。4个组分的最适反应温度均为55～60℃;EⅠ的最适pH为pH4．0,其余3个组分为pH4．5．各组分的热稳定性有一定差异,分子量越小的组分,热稳定性越好,55℃处理90min,EⅠ有一定的热失活,其余3个组分无活力丧失,4个组分都是外切酶。     

嗜热真菌Thermomyces lanuginosus A_(236)热稳定葡萄糖淀粉酶的纯化及其特性

嗜热真菌ThermomyceslanuginosusA_236在液体培养基中50℃下静止培养14天,粗提酶液经硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-Toyopearl离子交换层析、Butyl－Toyopearl疏水层析、SephacrylS100凝胶过滤和FPLCMonoQ离子交换层析,得到了凝胶电泳均质的葡萄糖淀粉酶。酶促反应产物经TLC分析为葡萄糖,证明纯化的酶为葡萄糖淀粉酶（EC3．2．1．3）。SDS－PAGE测定其分子量为72,000,不具亚基,PI为4．0,富含Val和Leu。酶反应最适温度和pH分别为70℃和5．0。在pH5．0条件下,酶在60℃保温1h,仍具有原酶活性。酶活性在70℃和80℃的半衰期分别为20min和6min。Ca2+对酶有激活作用,Fe3+、Al3+、Hg2+等金属离子对酶活力有一定的抑制作用。纯酶碳水化合物含量为12．4％。纯酶可水解可溶性淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉、糊精、糖原、麦芽三糖和麦芽糖,其中可溶性淀粉为最适底物。     

嗜热真菌Thermomyces lanuginosus A236热稳足葡萄糖淀粉酶的纯化及其特性

嗜热真菌Thermomyces lanuginosus A2a6在液体培养基中50℃下静止培养14天,粗提酶液经硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-Toyopearl离子交换层析、Butyl-Toyopearl疏水层析、Sephacryl S100凝胶过滤和FPLC Mono Q离子交换层析,得到了凝胶电泳均质的葡萄糖淀粉酶。酶促反应产物经TLC分析为葡萄糖,证明纯化的酶为葡萄糖淀粉酶(EC 3．2．1.3)。SDS-PAGE测定其分子量为72,000,不具亚基,pI为4．0,富含val和Leu。酶反应最适温度和pH分别为70℃和5．0。在pH5．0条件下,酶在60℃保温lh,仍具有原酶活性。酶活性在70℃和80℃的半衰期分别为20min和6min, Ca²⁺对酶有激活作用,Fe³⁺、Al³⁺、Hg²⁺等金属离子对酶活力有一定的抑制作用。纯酶碳水化合物含量为12．4％。纯酶可水解可溶性淀粉,直链淀粉、支链淀粉．糊精、糖原、麦芽三糖和麦芽糖,其中可溶性淀粉为最适底物。     

链霉菌SO1菌株几丁质酶的纯化及性质

由链霉菌（Streptomycessp.）SO1菌株产生的几丁质酶（Citinase）经硫酸铵盐析、OEAE纤维素柱层析、SephadexG－100柱层桥分离纯化后,得到SDS－PAGE均一样品。用SDS－PAG测得纯化后的几丁质酶分子量为41Ku,用PAGEIEF测得等电点PI为5.4。酶反应的最适pH值为6．0,最适温度为50℃,在pH5．0～9．0、温度30～50℃时酶活性比较稳定。在相当于0.1mol／LNaCl的离子强度下酶活性最高。金属离子中的Mg²⁺、Ca     

脱墨用棘孢曲霉SM-L22纤维素酶系中内切酶的纯化及性质

通过Bio GelP 60分子筛和DEAE 与Q sepharose离子交换层析等手段 ,分离纯化了棘孢曲霉SM L2 2纤维素酶系中五种内切酶组分EGⅡ 1、EGⅡ 2、EGⅢ 1、EGⅢ 2和EGⅣ ,并且对这五种内切酶组分的基本性质进行了研究。通过SDS PAGE和IEF电泳测得其分子量分别为 38 7,34 4,31 4,36 9和 2 3 7kD ,等电点分别为pH <3 5,<3 5,4 9,4 5和 5 0。 5个酶组分均属酸性纤维素酶 ,最适pH在 3 5～ 4 0之间 ;最适温度分别为 55℃、60℃、( 60～ 70 )℃、( 60～70 )℃和 60℃。各酶组分有较宽的pH稳定性 ;温度稳定性表现为EGⅡ 1 >EGⅡ 2 >EGⅢ 1>EGⅢ 2 >EGⅣ。EGⅡ 1和EGⅡ 2有较高的底物专一性 ,而EGⅢ 1、EGⅢ 2和EGⅣ对木聚糖有交叉活性。Fe2 +对除EGⅣ以外的四种酶组分都有激活作用 ,尤其是对EGⅢ 2有强烈的激活作用。动力学分析表明各纤维素酶组分对底物亲和力的大小与酶的催化率之间并无相关性。     

宛氏拟青霉菌木聚糖酶的分离纯化

经自然筛选分离得到一株产高木聚糖酶活力的拟青霉属菌,初步鉴定为宛氏拟于霉（ＰａｅｃｉｌｏｍｙｃｅｓｖａｒｉｏｔｉＢａｉｎｉｅｒ）菌。该菌所产的木聚糖粗酶液分别经硫酸铵,乙醇沉淀,ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００,ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ－５０分离纯化后得４个组分,分别称为Ｉ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ。其反应最适温度和ｐＨ分别为Ｉ,ｐＨ４．２,４７℃,Ⅱ,ｐＨ４．２,５２℃,ⅢｐＨ４．０,４７℃,Ⅳ,ｐＨ３．８,４     

蜡样芽胞杆菌GXBC-3三个普鲁兰酶基因的表达及其酶学特性

探索获得优良的新型普鲁兰酶基因,丰富普鲁兰酶理论,对实现普鲁兰酶国产化具有重要意义。分析GenBank数据库中蜡样芽胞杆菌假定Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型普鲁兰酶基因序列,从实验室保藏的蜡样芽胞杆菌Bacilluscereus GXBC-3中克隆得到3个普鲁兰酶基因pulA、pulB、pulC,并分别导入大肠杆菌进行胞内诱导表达。纯化重组酶酶学性质研究表明重组酶PulA能水解α-l,6-和α-l,4-糖苷键,为Ⅱ型普鲁兰酶,以普鲁兰糖为底物时,最适反应温度及pH分别为40℃和6.5,比活力为32.89 U/mg;以可溶性淀粉为底物时,最适反应温度及pH分别为50℃和7.0,比活力为25.71 U/mg。重组酶PulB和PulC二者均只能水解α-l,6-糖苷键,为I型普鲁兰酶,以普鲁兰糖为底物时,其最适反应温度及pH分别为45℃、7.0和45℃、6.5,比活力分别为228.54 U/mg和229.65 U/mg。     

粗毛栓菌木聚糖酶的纯化及性质

以麦草粉为基质培养粗毛栓菌Trametes gallica,浸提固态培养物得浸提液,后经超滤浓缩、硫酸铵盐析、Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B疏水层析、DEAE Sepharose fast flow阴离子交换层析和Sephadex G-150分子筛层析等分离与纯化步骤,获得部分纯化的木聚糖酶,其回收率和纯化倍数分别为1.45%和15.6。进一步经活性-PAGE回收,获得三种SDS-PAGE电泳纯级的木聚糖酶同工酶组分:XⅠ、XⅡ和XⅢ(按等电点从大到小排列)。三种组分分子量均约为19.0kDa;等电点分别为:5.6、4.7和4.0;含糖量分别为:0.25%、0.63%和3.4%;XⅠ既能降解木聚糖,又能降解纤维素;XⅡ的最适作用pH值为5.0,最适作用温度45℃;Mg2+、Fe2+对XⅡ有激活作用;Mn2+和Co2+有抑制作用;测得XⅡ的Km值为0.75mg/mL,Vmax为5,000mmoL/min·mg。     

An Apomictic Autotriploid Line TAR Identified in Oryza sativa

Since apomixis has a close correlation with polyploidy and sterility, a number of autotriploids with no sexual reproductivity were induced and apomictic germplasm were screened in Oryza sativa L. As a result, an autotriploid line, named TAR, was cytoembryologically identified which possessed apomictic property, with an average seed-set rate of 10% per panicle. Karyotype analysis proved that all the progeny seeds of TAR carried 36 chromosomes in the generations tested. Priliminary cytological observations revealed that all the ovaries of TAR had embryo sac differentiation, 33% of which developed into normal megagametophyte, 9% with previous embryogenesis prior to anthesis, and about 58% differentiated abnormally, i.e. disordered polarization, absent female generative unit and more than 2 polar nuclei. In TAR, the frequencies of chromosome configuration of 12 Ⅲ, 11 Ⅱ + 1 Ⅱ +1 Ⅰ. L0Ⅲ +2Ⅱ +2 Ⅰ, 9Ⅲ+3Ⅱ +3 Ⅰ, 8Ⅲ+4Ⅱ +4 Ⅰ and 7Ⅲ+5 Ⅱ +5 Ⅰ were ll%, 17%, 15%, 26%, 20% and 11% respectively at metaphase Ⅰ . While in the check line T-15 of autotriploid only 7 % of the ovaries observed had embryo sac development, and the progenies of this triploid line were aneuploids with chromosome number of 25～27. In T-15, the frequencies of chromosome configuration of 12 Ⅲ, 11Ⅲ +1 Ⅱ +1 Ⅰ, 10 Ⅲ +2 Ⅱ +2 Ⅰ , 9Ⅲ+3 Ⅱ +3 Ⅰ and 8 Ⅲ+4 Ⅱ +4 Ⅰ were 24%, 16%, 36%, 17% and 7% respectively at metaphse Ⅰ . The above observations indicated that some megaspore mother cell in TAR might undergo apomeiosis and where it gave rise to unreduced embryo sac, the unreduced eggs or synergids developed into embryos without fertilization and polar nuclei produced endosperm by pseudogamy.     

鹅观草属——人工合成双二倍体(2n=10x=70)的细胞学及育性的研究

本文对缘毛鹅观草(Roegneria pendulina)、鹅观草(R.tsukushiensis var.transiens)及其人工合成杂种F_1、双二倍体进行了细胞学,育性等的分析和研究。结果表明双亲的减数分裂,花粉育性和结实性均正常,杂种F_1的减数分裂不规则且完全不育;当代双二倍体的染色体数目为70,其减数分裂构型为:6.04 Ⅰ+26.21 Ⅱ+1.52 Ⅲ+1.59 Ⅳ+0.02 Ⅴ:第二代双二倍体的染色体数目为70,个别植株为69,减数分裂构型分别为:4.16 Ⅰ+27.33 Ⅱ+0.50 Ⅲ+2.16 Ⅳ和4.79 Ⅰ26.26 Ⅱ+1.13 Ⅲ+2.13 Ⅳ。与期望染色体配对模式相比,双二倍体中二价体出现的频率有明显增大的趋势。在减数分裂AⅠ和AⅡ分别观察到数目不定的落后单价体,大部份的四分体中出现了微核。双二倍体的育性得到了很大程度的恢复,其花粉可染色性及结实率分别为54.4％和64.0％。     

舟山眼镜蛇毒抗肿瘤有效组分分离及其抑瘤作用研究初探

目的从舟山眼镜蛇(Naja atraCantor)蛇毒(snake venom,SV)中分离得蛇毒组分,探讨SV及其分离组分的LD50和抑制肿瘤的作用。方法采用凝胶柱层析方法从蛇毒中分离得到了前Ⅰ1、Ⅰ1、Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2、Ⅲ1、Ⅲ2及Ⅳ等7种组分。采用急性毒性实验、MTT法,研究SV及其7种SV分离组分的LD50和抑制肿瘤的作用。结果 SV经Sephadex G-50层析,可分离为前Ⅰ、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ5个组分,根据峰面积大小排列:ⅢⅡⅠⅣ前Ⅰ。5个组分再经Sephadex G-25柱层析,可获得7个脱盐组分:前Ⅰ1、Ⅰ1、Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2、Ⅲ1、Ⅲ2及Ⅳ。通过急性毒性实验,明确Ⅳ的毒性最大,其次为Ⅲ2及Ⅲ1,三者的LD50值均低于SV;而Ⅰ1、Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2的毒性均小于SV,前Ⅰ1几乎无毒。SV组分Ⅲ2和Ⅳ的抑瘤作用最强,在高浓度(20μg/ml)时对实验中的2种人肿瘤细胞的抑制率均达到60%以上。结论从SV中分离得到了前Ⅰ1、Ⅰ1、Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2、Ⅲ1、Ⅲ2以及Ⅳ7种组分;组分Ⅳ毒性最强,依次为Ⅲ2Ⅲ1SVⅡ2Ⅱ1Ⅰ1前Ⅰ1;SV及其7种分离组分对2种人肿瘤细胞株(SGC-7901、A549)的生长抑制有一定的特异性,而不同的SV分离组分对同一肿瘤细胞抑制作用亦有差异。     

嗜线虫致病杆菌HB310菌株杀虫蛋白的纯化及活性鉴定

嗜线虫致病杆菌Xenorhabdus nematophila HB310是从河北省土壤中筛选出的一株昆虫病原线虫体内分离纯化获得的共生菌,该菌的发酵液对多种昆虫有较高的杀虫活性。利用85％饱和度的硫酸铵盐析分别获得胞内蛋白提取物和上清液中胞外蛋白提取物,生测结果表明这两种蛋白提取物中都含有胃毒素和血腔毒素。通过制备型非变性凝胶电泳对蛋白提取物进行分离和纯化,得到了3种有杀虫活性的毒素蛋白（毒素Ⅰ、毒素Ⅱ和毒素Ⅲ）,胞内的毒素蛋白与分泌到胞外上清液中的毒素蛋白是同种蛋白。毒素Ⅰ和毒素Ⅱ对棉铃虫初孵幼虫有明显的胃毒活性,但没有血腔毒性;毒素Ⅲ对大蜡螟幼虫有很强的血腔毒性,LD₅₀为0.18 μg/头。SDS-PAGE图谱显示毒素Ⅰ和毒素Ⅱ是由多个多肽组成的复合蛋白,而毒素Ⅲ只分离出一条多肽。毒素Ⅱ在50℃处理10 min,其杀虫活性没有显著变化;70℃处理10 min对毒素Ⅲ杀虫活性没有显著影响。     

菠菜叶片中乙醇酸氧化酶3种同工酶的生化特性

By DEAE cellulose and Sepharose 6B chromatography, the proteins containing glycolate oxidase isozymes GOⅡ and GOⅢ were extracted from spinach green leaves. The protein containing GOⅡ showed two bands of 67±2 kD and 40±2 kD in SDS PAGE whose specific activity of glycolate oxidase was 33.4 U·mg -1 ·min -1 .It migrated towards cathode in Native PAGE in pH 8.3 buffer system. pI of GOⅡwas about 9.4 detected by IEF. The protein containing GOⅢ showed three bands of 67±2 kD, 40±2 kD and 38±2 kD in SDS PAGE whose specific activity of glycolate oxidase 14.4 U·mg -1 ·min -1 and could not migrate anywhere in the same Native PAGE. pI of GOⅢ was about 8.3 detected by IEF. The 40±2 kD might be the subunits of GOⅡ and GOⅢ. Antibodies of the protein containing GOⅡ and GOⅢ were prepared respectively. GOⅡ was very unstable and could change into GOⅢ artifact; GOⅢ was also unstable and could change into GOⅠartifact whose Mr ≈470 kD and pI ≈7.4 . This GOⅠ(specific activity: 9.8 U·mg -1 ·min -1 ), showing one 40±2 kD band in SDS PAGE, could be purified on another Sepharose 6B chromatography. The specific activity of GOⅡ decreased rapidly to about half of its original value and then was relatively stable when stored in 50% glycerol at -20℃. The results above explained why GOⅡ was extracted difficultly, and GOⅢ were easily confused with GOⅠ and GOⅡ.     

三角帆蚌内脏团不同插核部位对机体生理代谢的影响

研究旨在探明内脏团不同插核部位对三角帆蚌机体生理代谢的影响。试验选取2龄三角帆蚌180只,随机分成5个实验组和1个对照组,实验组按内脏团5个部位（Ⅰ. 斧足内脏团前端;Ⅱ. 斧足内脏团中部;Ⅲ. 近生殖腺部;Ⅳ. 近胃部;Ⅴ. 近肾部）进行插核,并分别在插核后第5、10、20、50天（thd）采集蚌体淋巴血样,检测机体的尿酸及肝、肾生理指标的变化,以及插核对珍珠质沉积相关的钙含量和碱性磷酸酶活力的影响。结果表明:（1）与对照组相比,插核手术处理的蚌体与对照组机体生理指标有显著差异（P0.05）。（2） 5个插核组试验蚌术后520thd尿酸含量显著高于50thd时（P0.05）,且Ⅴ组尿酸含量在1050thd显著高于其余各组。（3）各插核组尿素氮、肌酐含量5thd时均显著高于50thd （P0.05）,其中Ⅰ、Ⅲ组2050thd无显著变化,Ⅴ组的尿素氮含量除5thd外,其余各个时期均显著高于其他各组（P0.05）。（4）Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组谷丙和谷草转氨酶活性在20thd前均显著低于50thd时（P0.05）,Ⅳ 组谷丙和谷草转氨酶活力除了10thd外,均显著高于其余插核组,Ⅴ组的谷丙和谷草转氨酶活力,在20thd之后均仅次于Ⅳ组,并显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组。（5）Ⅰ组插核后10thd血液钙含量显著低于5thd时,1050thd间无显著变化;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血液钙含量变化呈先增大后降低的趋势,在20thd达到峰值;Ⅳ组血液钙含量随着试验期的延长显著降低,Ⅴ组血液钙含量10、50thd时显著高于其余4组。Ⅱ、Ⅲ组碱性磷酸酶活力无显著变化,Ⅰ、Ⅳ组显著降低（P0.05）,而Ⅴ组在520thd显著升高,2050thd显著降低,20thd时出现峰值。研究结果显示,三角帆蚌内脏团插核后20d内机体各生理指标显著变化,之后趋于稳定,表明其术后20d可能是机体损伤的修复和功能恢复以及钙性磷酸酶含量逐步稳定的关键时期。       

Characterization of a New Chlorophyll-Protein Complex and Studies on Some Properties of Other Chlorophyll-Containing Bands

1. The chlorophyll-protein complexes of sun plant spinach and shade plants Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. and Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques were resolved by SDS-PAGE at lower temperature (2—4 ℃). Besides 8 chlorophyll-containing bands Ⅰa, Ⅰb, Ⅰc, Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅱc, Ⅲ and Ⅳ mentioned in our previous paper (Chu et al., 1980), three more small chlorophyll-containing bands were also observed. Among these small bands Ⅱa which often appeared between Ⅰc and Ⅱa looked like a oligomer of LHCP complex according to its properties in colour, absorption spectrum and fluorescence emission etc. 2. When electrophoresis was carried out at lower temperature (2—4 ℃), the quantity of free pigments (Ⅲ) was obviously lower, while the relative quantities of LHCP Ⅱa, Ⅱb and PS Ⅱ’s band (Ⅳ) were apparently higher than those carried out at higher temperature (12—15 ℃). At lower temperature three bands of Ⅰ could be resolved in shade plants M. monophyllos and C. comosum, and at higher temperature there was only one band of Ⅰ (Ⅰc). But at higher temperature three bands of Ⅰ could be resolved in sunflower. 3. The percentage of LHCP complexes of shade plant M. monophyllos in total amount of chlorophyll (57%) was obviously higher than that of sun plant spinach (43%). The percentage of complexes Ⅰ of sun plant spinach in amount of total chlorophyll (27%) was obviously higher than that of shade plant M. monophyllos (14%). The relative quantity among three bands of Ⅰ in different Plants is different. 4. The chl a/b ratio of LHCP bands of shade plants were lower than that of corresponding bands of sun plants. The chl a/b ratio of Ⅱa of M. monophyllos was 1.1, Ⅱc, 1.2; but that of Ⅱa of spinach was 1.4, Ⅱc, 1.66.     

皱皮木瓜多糖的分离、纯化及抗氧化活性研究

为了研究木瓜多糖的提取、分离、纯化与抗氧化活性,采用水提醇沉法提取皱皮木瓜中的多糖,得多糖Ⅰ;利用Sevag法除去多糖中的蛋白质后得多糖Ⅱ;以30%H_2O_2脱除色素后再次醇沉得到精制多糖Ⅲ;透析除去小分子后利用AB-8大孔树脂进行分离以水、30%、50%、70%和95%乙醇洗脱,其中水洗脱部分多糖为Ⅳ。用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量。多糖Ⅰ得率为9.83%,多糖含量(纯度,下同)为64.45%;脱蛋白后多糖Ⅱ中多糖含量为78.23%;经脱色后多糖Ⅲ含量达88.39%;大孔树脂水洗脱部分多糖Ⅳ含量为89.74%。以DPPH(2,2-二苯基-1-苦肼基)清除率和Fe~(3+)还原力方法测定木瓜多糖的抗氧化活性,木瓜多糖均体现出一定的抗氧化作用,呈浓度依赖性增强,其中多糖Ⅰ、Ⅱ表现出更好的作用。     

普通小麦与长穗偃麦草杂种及其衍生材料的细胞遗传学特性

对十倍体长穗偃麦草(Thinopyrum ponticum)与普通小麦杂交F1及其与普通小麦回交BC1F1的形态学和细胞学特性进行了分析。结果表明,长穗偃麦草与普通小麦‘兰考矮早八’衍生F1(‘兰考小偃麦’)的根尖细胞染色体数为56条;花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体构型平均值为19.81Ⅰ+15.78Ⅱ+0.75Ⅲ+0.59Ⅳ;基因组荧光原位杂交(GISH)显示,兰考小偃麦中含有35条完整的长穗偃麦草和21条小麦染色体。‘兰考小偃麦’/‘科育818’和‘兰考小偃麦’/‘Cp02-3-5-5’杂交F1的根尖细胞染色体数及其所遗传的长穗偃麦草染色体数分别为50~52和16~22条,且存在染色体易位;花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ平均染色体构型为14.54Ⅰ+17.40Ⅱ+0.55Ⅲ+0.14Ⅳ,平均49.4%的细胞出现多价体(三价体或四价体)。这些材料为创造小麦-长穗偃麦草新种质奠定了基础。