Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Treat Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background

Insomnia is of major public health importance. While cognitive behavioral therapy is beneficial, in-person treatment is often unavailable. We assessed the effectiveness of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia.

Objectives

The primary objectives were to determine whether online cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia could improve sleep efficiency and reduce the severity of insomnia in adults. Secondary outcomes included sleep quality, total sleep time, time in bed, sleep onset latency, wake time after sleep onset, and number of nocturnal awakenings.

Data Sources

We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, Embase, and the Web of Science for randomized trials.

Methods

Studies were eligible if they were randomized controlled trials in adults that reported application of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia via internet delivery. Mean differences in improvement in sleep measures were calculated using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method for random effects meta-analysis.

Results

We found 15 trials, all utilizing a pretest-posttest randomized control group design. Sleep efficiency was 72% at baseline and improved by 7.2% (95% CI: 5.1%, 9.3%; p<0.001) with internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy versus control. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy resulted in a decrease in the insomnia severity index by 4.3 points (95% CI: -7.1, -1.5; p = 0.017) compared to control. Total sleep time averaged 5.7 hours at baseline and increased by 20 minutes with internet-delivered therapy versus control (95% CI: 9, 31; p = 0.004). The severity of depression decreased by 2.3 points (95% CI: -2.9, -1.7; p = 0.013) in individuals who received internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy compared to control. Improvements in sleep efficiency, the insomnia severity index and depression scores with internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy were maintained from 4 to 48 weeks after post-treatment assessment. There were no statistically significant differences between sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and insomnia severity index for internet-delivered versus in-person therapy with a trained therapist.

Conclusion

In conclusion, internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in improving sleep in adults with insomnia. Efforts should be made to educate the public and expand access to this therapy. Registration Number, Prospero: CRD42015017622     

Reducing Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep Does Not Significantly Improve Insomnia in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

The present study examined to examine whether improvement of insomnia is mediated by a reduction in sleep-related dysfunctional beliefs through cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. In total, 64 patients with chronic insomnia received cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia consisting of 6 biweekly individual treatment sessions of 50 minutes in length. Participants were asked to complete the Athens Insomnia Scale and the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep scale both at the baseline and at the end of treatment. The results showed that although cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia greatly reduced individuals’ scores on both scales, the decrease in dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep with treatment did not seem to mediate improvement in insomnia. The findings suggest that sleep-related dysfunctional beliefs endorsed by patients with chronic insomnia may be attenuated by cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, but changes in such beliefs are not likely to play a crucial role in reducing the severity of insomnia.     

老年维持性血液透析患者认知功能障碍的影响因素及其对脑血流动力学、肠道菌群和预后的影响

摘要 目的：探讨老年维持性血液透析（MHD）患者认知功能障碍（CI）的影响因素及其对脑血流动力学、肠道菌群和预后的影响。方法：选取2017年2月～2021年1月长治医学院附属晋城医院收治的411例老年MHD患者,根据蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评分结果,将其分为CI组（n=321）和非CI组（n=90）。收集所有老年MHD患者临床资料,检测、分析其脑血流动力学和肠道菌群水平。采用Logistic回归分析老年MHD患者CI的影响因素。随访18个月,采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制两组患者生存曲线,对比其生存预后情况。结果：411例老年MHD患者CI发生率为78.10％（321/411）。单因素分析显示,CI组年龄大于非CI组,体质指数（BMI）、单室尿素清除指数（spKt/V）、白蛋白水平低于非CI组,受教育年限＞12年比例少于非CI组,透析龄长于非CI组,高血压、糖尿病比例和全段甲状旁腺素高于非CI组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄及透析龄增加和高血压、糖尿病为老年MHD患者CI的独立危险因素,受教育年限＞12年和BMI、spKt/V、白蛋白水平升高为其独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。与非CI组比较,CI组大脑中动脉-平均血流速度（MCA-Vm）、大脑前动脉-平均血流速度（ACA-Vm）降低,大脑中动脉-搏动指数（MCA-PI）、大脑前动脉-搏动指数（ACA-PI）升高（P＜0.05）。与非CI组比较,CI组肠球菌和大肠埃希菌数量增加,乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量减少（P＜0.05）。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析显示,CI组累积生存率低于非CI组（P＜0.05）。结论：年龄、BMI、受教育年限、透析龄、高血压、糖尿病、spKt/V、白蛋白是老年MHD患者CI的影响因素,CI与老年MHD患者脑血流动力学紊乱、肠道菌群失衡和预后不良有关。     

尿毒症维持性血液透析患者衰弱的影响因素分析及其对认知功能和微炎症状态的影响

摘要 目的：探讨尿毒症维持性血液透析（MHD）患者衰弱的影响因素,分析其对认知功能和微炎症状态的影响。方法：回顾性分析2020年4月~2022年7月期间江苏省人民医院收治的105例尿毒症MHD 患者的临床资料,根据衰弱评分将患者分为无衰弱组（n=38）、衰弱前期组（n=34）、衰弱组（n=33）。根据病例资料获取患者的一般资料和实验室资料,对比三组一般资料和实验室资料、认知功能情况;采用多因素Logistic回归分析尿毒症MHD患者衰弱的影响因素。结果：无衰弱组、衰弱前期组、衰弱组的年龄、透析龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、运动情况、合并症、白蛋白（ALB）、血红蛋白（Hb）、前白蛋白（PA）、尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Scr）、25-羟维生素D[25-（OH）D]、甲状旁腺激素（PTH）组间对比有差异（P<0.05）。衰弱组的C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）高于无衰弱组、衰弱前期组,且衰弱前期组高于无衰弱组（P<0.05）。衰弱组的简易精神状态检查量表（MMSE）评分低于无衰弱组、衰弱前期组,且衰弱前期组低于无衰弱组（P<0.05）。衰弱组的认知功能障碍（POCD）发生率高于无衰弱组、衰弱前期组,且衰弱前期组高于无衰弱组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：并发症、ALB偏低、Hb偏低、PA偏低、25-（OH）D偏低、CRP偏高、IL-6偏高、TNF-α偏高、MMSE评分偏低是尿毒症MHD患者衰弱危险因素,而经常运动是其保护因素（P<0.05）。结论：尿毒症MHD患者衰弱的发生率较高,可导致患者认知功能下降,微炎症程度升高,与并发症、ALB、Hb、PA、25-（OH）D、CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、MMSE评分、运动情况等多种因素相关。     

血液透析联合血液透析滤过对患者营养及微炎症指标的影响

目的:探讨血液透析(HD)联合血液透析滤过(HDF)对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者营养及微炎症指标的影响。方法:选择2005年12月到2014年12月在我院接受治疗的140例MHD患者,随机分为HD组(n=70)和HD+HDF组(n=70)。比较两组患者治疗前后营养不良-炎症评分(MIS)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、血红蛋白(Hb)、握力(HS)、肱三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)的变化。结果:治疗后,HD+HDF组患者MIS明显降低,ALB、PA、Hb、HS、TSF明显升高(均P0.05),且各指标改善程度均优于HD组(均P0.05);治疗后,HD+HDF组患者相比于治疗前和HD组治疗后,CRP、IL-6明显降低(均P0.05)。结论:HD联合HDF较单纯HD能更好的改善患者营养状态,减轻微炎症反应。     

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Fluoxetine as Adjuncts to Group Behavioral Therapy for Binge Eating Disorder

Objective: Although binge eating disorder is a common and distressing concomitant of obesity, it has not yet been established whether affected individuals presenting to behavioral weight control programs should receive specialized treatments to supplement standard treatment. This study was designed to examine the added benefit of two adjunctive interventions, individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and fluoxetine, offered in the context of group behavioral weight control treatment. Research Methods and Procedures: One hundred sixteen overweight/obese women and men with binge eating disorder were all assigned to receive a 16‐session group behavioral weight control treatment over 20 weeks. Simultaneously, subjects were randomly assigned to receive CBT + fluoxetine, CBT + placebo, fluoxetine, or placebo in a two‐by‐two factorial design. Outcome measures, assessed at the end of the 16‐session acute treatment phase, included binge frequency, weight, and measures of eating‐related and general psychopathology. Results: Overall, subjects showed substantial improvement in binge eating and both general and eating‐related psychopathology, but little weight loss. Subjects who received individual CBT improved more in binge frequency than did those not receiving CBT (p < 0.001), and binge abstinence was significantly more common in subjects receiving CBT vs. those who did not (62% vs. 33%, p < 0.001). Fluoxetine treatment was associated with greater reduction in depressive symptoms (p < 0.05). The 54 subjects who achieved binge abstinence improved more on all measures than the 62 subjects who did not. In particular, these subjects lost, on average, 6.2 kg compared with a gain of 0.7 kg among non‐abstainers. Discussion: Adjunctive individual CBT results in significant additional binge reduction in obese binge eaters receiving standard behavioral weight control treatment.     

常规血液透析和维持性血液透析对尿毒症患者心脏结构 及功能影响的对比研究

目的：采用超声联合心电图比较常规血液透析和维持性血液透析对尿毒症患者心脏结构及功能影响。方法：选取2014 年2 月至2014 年11 月我院收治的尿毒症患者110 例,将其随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各55例。对照组予常规血液透析,实验组 予维持性血液透析,采用碳酸氢盐透析液,透析液流量500-600 mL/min,每周透析2-3 次,每次透析4h。治疗后,通过超声心动图 测定室间隔厚度、左心室壁厚度、左心室舒张末内径、射血分数,采用心电图Q-T离散度分析Q-T离散度。结果：①治疗后,与对照 组相比较,实验组患者EF、FS 均显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),LVDd、LVDs、LVMI、LVH 值均明显升高,差异具有统 计学意义(P＜0.05)。②治疗后,维持性血液透析患者的心电图Q-T 离散度与对照组相比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：维 持性血液透析较常规血液透析能够更有效地改善尿毒症患者的心脏结构及功能。     

放松疗法对高龄老年失眠患者的有效性研究

目的:评价放松疗法对75岁以上老年人失眠状况的有效性。方法:收集90名75岁以上失眠症老年患者病例,随机分配到干预组(n=45)和对照组(n=45),采取随机对照的单盲临床试验。评测工具为匹兹堡睡眠指数量表(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)、焦虑自评量表(Self-rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)、老年抑郁量表(Geriatric Depression Scale,GDS)和幸福度量表(Memorial University of Newfoundland scale of happiness,MUNSH)。采用重复测量的方差分析评定干预疗效。结果:与对照组相比,干预组在PSQI总分(P0.001)、SAS(P=0.022)、和GDS(P=0.001)上有统计学意义的显著优势。结论:我们的研究表明,放松疗法对缓解75岁以上老年人的失眠情况有显著疗效。     

Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Opiate Use and Retention in Methadone Maintenance Treatment in China: A Randomised Trial

Aims

Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is widely available in China; but, high rates of illicit opiate use and dropout are problematic. The aim of this study was to test whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in conjunction with MMT can improve treatment retention and reduce opiate use.

Method

A total of 240 opiate-dependent patients in community-based MMT clinics were randomly assigned to either weekly CBT plus standard MMT (CBT group, n=120) or standard MMT (control group, n=120) for 26 weeks. The primary outcomes were treatment retention and opiate-negative urine test results at 12 weeks and 26 weeks. The secondary outcomes were composite scores on the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and total scores on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) at 12 weeks and 26 weeks.

Results

Compared to the control group in standard MMT, the CBT group had higher proportion of opiate-negative urine tests at both 12 weeks (59% vs. 69%, p<0.05) and 26 weeks (63% vs. 73%, p<0.05); however, the retention rates at 12 weeks (73.3% vs. 74.2%, p=0.88) and 26 weeks were not different (55.8% vs. 64.2%, p=0.19) between the two groups. At both 12 and 26 weeks, all of the ASI component scores and PSS total scores in the CBT group and control group decreased from baseline; but the CBT group exhibited more decreases in ASI employment scores at week 26 and more decrease in the PSS total score at week 12 and week 26.

Conclusions

CBT counselling is effective in reducing opiate use and improving employment function and in decreasing stress level for opiate-dependent patients in MMT in China.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01144390     

高磷血症维持性血液透析患者的临床分析

目的:比较不同血磷水平的维持性血液透析的尿毒症患者的临床表现和实验室指标,探讨其临床意义。方法:选择上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院(崇明)肾内科28例高血磷(SP>1.6mmol/L)的维持性血液透析患者为病例组,30例血磷正常(SP≤1.6mmol/L)维持性血液透析患者为对照组,比较两组患者的原发病组成,年龄,性别,透析龄,皮肤瘙痒发生率,腰背痛发生率,血钙,血碳酸氢根,血红蛋白,红细胞压积,血碱性磷酸酶,肾功能,血浆白蛋白水平及左心室肥厚发生率。结果:病例组与对照组在原发病组成,年龄(43.2±9.8岁vs 40.5±12.2岁),男女性别比例(16/12 vs.17/13),透析龄(32.56±6.71月vs.35.43±5.82月)等方面无显著性差异(P>0.05),有可比性,在血红蛋白(83.22±6.71g/L vs 103.36±5.84g/L),红细胞压积(24.83±1.92%vs.30.76±1.52%),血钙(1.71±0.16mmol/L vs.2.23±0.21 mmol/L),血碳酸氢根(14.2±3.1mmol/L vs 20.6±4.9 mmol/L),血碱性磷酸酶(124.26±16.33U/L vs.61.47±14.91 U/L),皮肤瘙痒发生率(22/28 vs.7/30),腰背痛发生率(19/28 vs.6/30),左心室肥厚发生率(20/28 vs 12/30),有显著性差异(P<0.05),肌酐(956±142mmol/L vs.923±156 mmol/L),尿素氮(23.1±6.3mmol/L vs.24.8±8.9mmol/L),血浆白蛋白(30.5±3.8g/L vs.31.2±2.9g/L),无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:伴有高磷血症的维持性血液透析患者与血磷正常的患者相比,血碱性磷酸酶,皮肤瘙痒发生率,腰背痛发生率及左心室肥厚发生率较高,而血钙,血碳酸氢根,血红蛋白及红细胞压积较低,有一定差异。     

高磷血症维持性血液透析患者的临床分析

目的：比较不同血磷水平的维持性血液透析的尿毒症患者的临床表现和实验室指标,探讨其临床意义。方法：选择上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院（崇明）肾内科28例高血磷（SP〉1．6mmol／L）的维持性血液透析患者为病例组,30例血磷正常（SPN1．6mmol／L）维持性血液透析患者为对照组,比较两组患者的原发病组成,年龄,性别,透析龄,皮肤瘙痒发生率,腰背痛发生率,血钙,血碳酸氢根,血红蛋白,红细胞压积,血碱性磷酸酶,肾功能,血浆白蛋白水平及左心室肥厚发生率。结果：病例组与对照组在原发病组成,年龄（43．2±9．8岁VS40．5±12．2岁）,男女性别比例（16／12vs．17／13）,透析龄（32．56±6．71月vs．35．43±5．82月）等方面无显著性差异（P〉o．05）,有可比性,在血红蛋白（83．22±6．71g／Lvs103．36±5．84g/L）,红细胞压积（24．83±1．92％vs．30．76±1．52％）,血钙（1．71±0．16mmol／Lvs．2．23±0．21mmol／L）,血碳酸氢根（14．2±3．1mmol／Lvs20．6±4．9mmol／L）,血碱性磷酸酶（124．26±16．33U／Lvs．61．47±14．91U/L）,皮肤瘙痒发生率（22／28vs．7／30）,腰背痛发生率（19／28vs．6／30）,左心室肥厚发生率（20／28vs12／30）,有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,肌酐（956±142mmol／LVS．923±156mmol／L）,尿素氮（23．1±6．3mmol／LVS．24．8±8．9retool／L）,血浆白蛋白（30．5±3．8g/Lvs．31．2±2．9g/L）,无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：伴有高磷血症的维持性血液透析患者与血磷正常的患者相比,血碱性磷酸酶,皮肤瘙痒发生率,腰背痛发生率及左心室肥厚发生率较高,而血钙,血碳酸氢根,血红蛋白及红细胞压积较低,有一定差异。     

高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能衰竭患者中的疗效对比

目的:探讨高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能患者中的疗效。方法:选取2007年3月～2010年6月在我院进行维持性血液透析患者52例并随机分为2组:高通量透析(HPD()n=26)和血液透析滤过(HDF)组(n=26)。两组患者均每周透析2次,每次4h,对两组患者进行1年临床观察。比较两组治疗前、后尿毒症患者血肌酐、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、血磷、PTH的清除作用及对血脂的影响。结果:两组患者KT/V及透析前后血BUN、Cr的下降率无显著性差异。HDF组透析1年后β2-MG较透析前增高(5.17±15.09)%,HPD组透析1年后β2-MG较透析前下降(12.32±3.2 7)%,P<0.0 1。HDF组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前增高(6.59±14.13)%,HPD组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前下降(19.07±5.27)%,P<0.01。HPD、HDF两组血磷下降率分别为(56.4 4±14.83)%、(43.94±17.96)%,P<0.05,HDF组患者透析1年后其血清甘油三酯(TG)水平相比于透析前血清TG水平上升了(22.4 2±9.52)%,HPD组1年后TG较透析前下降(2 3.81±9.93)%,P<0.05。结论:高通量血液透析能有效清除β2-MG、甲状旁腺激素、对血磷的清除效果也优于血液透析滤过,对血脂代谢也有显著改善作用。     

高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能衰竭患者中的疗效对比

目的：探讨高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能患者中的疗效。方法：选取2007年3月~2010年6月在我院进行维持性血液透析患者52例并随机分为2组：高通量透析（HPD）（n=26）和血液透析滤过（HDF）组（n=26）。两组患者均每周透析2次,每次4h,对两组患者进行1年临床观察。比较两组治疗前、后尿毒症患者血肌酐、β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）、血磷、PTH的清除作用及对血脂的影响。结果：两组患者KT/V及透析前后血BUN、Cr的下降率无显著性差异。HDF组透析1年后β2-MG较透析前增高（5．17±15．09）％,HPD组透析1年后132．MG较透析前下降（12．32±3．27）％,P〈0．01。HDF组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前增高（6．59±14．13）％,HPD组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前下降（19．07±5．27）％,P〈0．01。HPD、HDF两组血磷下降率分别为（56．44±14．83）％、（43．94±17．96）％,P〈0．05,HDF组患者透析1年后其血清甘油三酯（TG）水平相比于透析前血清TG水平上升了（22．42±9．52）％,HPD组1年后TG较透析前下降（23．81±9．93）％,P〈0．05。结论：高通量血液透析能有效清除β2-MG、甲状旁腺激素、对血磷的清除效果也优于血液透析滤过,对血脂代谢也有显著改善作用。     

缬沙坦联合阿托伐他汀钠对尿毒症维持性血液透析患者炎症因子及营养状况的影响

目的:探讨缬沙坦联合阿托伐他汀钠对维持性血液透析患者炎症因子及其营养状况的影响.方法:将120例维持性血液透析患者随机分为对照组与观察组,每组各60例.给予对照组患者口服阿托伐他汀,观察组患者给予缬沙坦联合阿托伐他汀钠口服.比较两组治疗前后C-反应蛋白(CRP)、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、抵抗素及血清白蛋白(ALb)、血红蛋白(Hb)的变化情况.结果:治疗后6月两组患者hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6及抵抗素水平均显著下降(P＜0.05),但观察组患者上述指标显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组治疗后Alb及Hb水平显著高于对照组,差别具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:缬沙坦联合阿托伐他汀钠用于维持性血液透析患者,可显著减少炎症因子水平,改善患者营养状况.     

厄贝沙坦联合左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析患者微炎症反应和营养状况的影响

目的:探讨厄贝沙坦和左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者炎症因子和营养指标的改善作用。方法:选择2013年1月至2014年6月在我院血液透析中心接受MHD的终末期肾脏病患者120例为研究对象,依据随机数字表分成单纯透析组、厄贝沙坦组、左卡尼汀组和联合用药组,各30例,分别接受单纯透析治疗,口服厄贝沙坦0.15-0.3g/d,静脉推注左卡尼汀1g/次,厄贝沙坦和左卡尼汀联合治疗。检测治疗前,治疗3、6个月后血清中C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)转化生长因子(TGF)水平及营养状况指标的变化。结果:治疗3个月后,厄贝沙坦组、左卡尼汀组及联合用药组CRP、IL-8和TGF的水平与治疗前及单纯透析组比较均有明显下降(P0.05),治疗6个月后,厄贝沙坦组、左卡尼汀组及联合用药组CRP、IL-8、IL-10和TGF水平较治疗前及纯透析组均明显下降(P0.05),且联合用药组下降程度显著高于厄贝沙坦组和左卡尼汀组(P0.05)。治疗6个月后,左卡尼汀组及联合用药组血清红蛋白(Hb)、血清白蛋白(Alb)、前白蛋白(PA)水平较治疗前及单纯透析组显著升高(P0.05),联合用药组血清Hb、Alb和PA水平上升更明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:厄贝沙坦联合左卡尼汀既能缓解MHD患者的微炎症反应,又能改善其营养状况。     

缬沙坦对维持性血液透析患者心脏功能和结构的影响

目的:探讨缬沙坦对维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者心脏功能和结构的影响。方法:100例MHD患者,随机分为治疗组(50例)与对照组(50例),对照组仅予基础治疗,治疗组加予口服缬沙坦治疗,总疗程为6个月。观察治疗前后超声心动图指标变化。结果:与治疗前及对照组同期比较,治疗组心脏结构指标左房收缩末期内径(LAD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVDD)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左房内径指数(LAI)、左室重量指数(LVMI)及相对室壁厚度(RWT)有所降低,心脏功能指标:左室射血分数(LVEF),左室短轴缩短率(FS),二尖瓣口舒张早期和晚期最大血流速度比(E/A)值有所提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组超声心动图各项指标与治疗前相比变化不明显(P>0.05)。结论:缬沙坦能延缓或逆转左心室肥厚,明显改善左室舒张功能,有助于改善MHD患者心脏重构,改善心脏功能,从而延缓慢性肾功能衰竭尿毒症期患者的左心室重塑,降低心血管疾病的发生率和死亡率。缬沙坦对MHD患者心血管疾病并发症的预防和治疗及提高MHD患者生存率有一定临床指导意义。     

醋酸钙联合左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析患者钙磷代谢的影响

目的：研究并评价醋酸钙联合左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析患者钙磷代谢的影响,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法：以2013 年 8 月至2015 年2 月在我院进行维持性血液透析的50 例患者作为研究对象,按照随机法分为两组,其中对照组患者给予醋酸钙治 疗,研究组患者给予醋酸钙联合左卡尼汀治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后全段甲状旁腺素、血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积的变化。结果：与对 照组比较,研究组患者全段甲状旁腺素、血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积水平均在正常范围内,较对照组有明显改善(P<0.05);研究组全段甲 状旁腺素、血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积达标率分别为68.00%、84.00%、64.00%、80.00%,与对照组比较,血磷达标率不具有统计学差异 (P＞0.05);全段甲状旁腺素、血钙及钙磷乘积达标率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：醋酸钙联合左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析 患者甲状旁腺素、钙磷代谢的改善效果较单用醋酸钙更佳。     

血液透析患者输血传播肝相关病毒感染的调查

使用PCR结合微板杂交-ELISA及DNA序列分析技术,分别研究了维持性血液透析患者输血传播性HBV、HCV、HDV、HGV、TTV感染状况,并对HBV、TTV进行基因分型、TTV基因变异状况进行分析.除HDV外,发现血液透析患者中存在多重感染.HBV基因型以C型为主,B型次之.TTV分离株中,G1型为主,G2型次之.TTV基因变异可达39.7%.     

Determinants of Slow Walking Speed in Ambulatory Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis

Walking ability is significantly lower in hemodialysis patients compared to healthy people. Decreased walking ability characterized by slow walking speed is associated with adverse clinical events, but determinants of decreased walking speed in hemodialysis patients are unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with slow walking speed in ambulatory hemodialysis patients. Subjects were 122 outpatients (64 men, 58 women; mean age, 68 years) undergoing hemodialysis. Clinical characteristics including comorbidities, motor function (strength, flexibility, and balance), and maximum walking speed (MWS) were measured and compared across sex-specific tertiles of MWS. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine whether clinical characteristics and motor function could discriminate between the lowest, middle, and highest tertiles of MWS. Significant and common factors that discriminated the lowest and highest tertiles of MWS from other categories were presence of cardiac disease (lowest: odds ratio [OR] = 3.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26–8.83, P<0.05; highest: OR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.18–6.84, P<0.05), leg strength (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.40–0.95, P<0.05; OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.39–0.82, P<0.01), and standing balance (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.63–0.92, P<0.01; OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.68–0.97, P<0.05). History of fracture (OR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.08–10.38; P<0.05) was a significant factor only in the lowest tertile. Cardiac disease, history of fracture, decreased leg strength, and poor standing balance were independently associated with slow walking speed in ambulatory hemodialysis patients. These findings provide useful data for planning effective therapeutic regimens to prevent decreases in walking ability in ambulatory hemodialysis patients.     

血液透析患者输血传播肝相关病毒感染的调查

使用PCR结合微板杂交-ELtSA及DNA序列分析技术,分别研究了维持性血液透析患者输血传播性HBV、HCV、HDV、HGV、TTV感染状况,并对HBV、TTV进行基因分型、TTV基因变异状况进行分析。除HDV外,发现血液透析患者中存在多重感染。HBV基因型以C型为主,B型次之。TTV分离株中,G1型为主,G2型次之。TTV基因变异可达39．7％。